| waterpipe smoking and dependence are associated with chronic bronchitis: a case-control study in lebanon. | waterpipe smoking and its association with chronic bronchitis has not been assessed in lebanon. this case-control study in beirut in 2009/2010 evaluated this relationship: 274 cases of chronic bronchitis and 559 controls without the condition aged > or = 40 years were enrolled. data were collected by questionnaire on: sociodemographic characteristics, respiratory symptoms, smoking (waterpipe and cigarette) and nicotine dependence. anova, student, kruskal-wallis, chi-squared and fisher exact test ... | 2012 | 23301353 |