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development and evaluation of a real-time taqman rt-pcr assay for the detection of infectious bronchitis virus from infected chickens.it is important to rapidly differentiate infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) from disease agents like highly pathogenic avian influenza virus and exotic newcastle disease virus, which can be extremely similar in the early stages of their pathogenesis. in this study, we report the development and testing of a real-time rt-pcr assay using a taqman-labeled probe for early and rapid detection of ibv. the assay amplifies a 143-bp product in the 5'-utr of the ibv genome and has a limit of detection and ...200616934878
limited transmission of turkey coronavirus in young turkeys by adult alphitobius diaperinus (coleoptera: tenebrionidae).we examined the role of lesser mealworm, alphitobius diaperinus (panzer), in the transmission of an enteric disease of turkeys caused by a coronavirus. turkey coronavirus (tcv) from two sources was studied, one isolate (nc95) was embryo propagated, the second was tcv infected material from turkeys diagnosed with poult enteritis mortality syndrome (pems). beetles were fed virus-infected feces mixed with chicken feed. transmission of virus was effectively halted by surface sterilization of the bee ...200015535597
nucleocapsid protein gene sequence analysis reveals close genomic relationship between turkey coronavirus and avian infectious bronchitis virus.antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) cross-react with turkey coronavirus (tcv) in immunofluorescence assay (ifa) indicating that ibv and tcv may share an amino acid sequence similarity. to determine its extent, the gene encoding the nucleocapsid (n) protein of tcv was amplified by reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) from rna purified from intestines of embryos of turkeys infected with various tcv isolates and from allantoic fluid of chicken embryos infected with ibv m41 strain, the obt ...200111394575
phylogenetic analysis of a highly conserved region of the polymerase gene from 11 coronaviruses and development of a consensus polymerase chain reaction assay.viruses in the genus coronavirus are currently placed in three groups based on antigenic cross-reactivity and sequence analysis of structural protein genes. consensus polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers were used to obtain cdna, then cloned and sequenced a highly conserved 922 nucleotide region in open reading frame (orf) 1b of the polymerase (pol) gene from eight coronaviruses. these sequences were compared with published sequences for three additional coronaviruses. in this comparison, it ...199910392726
antigenic and genomic relatedness of turkey-origin coronaviruses, bovine coronaviruses, and infectious bronchitis virus of chickens.in earlier studies in our laboratory, we found that bovine coronavirus (bcv) was pathogenic for 1-day-old turkey poults. this finding prompted us to study the antigenic and genomic relatedness of turkey origin coronaviruses (tocvs) to bcv. a one-step reverse transcription (rt)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting a 730-base pair fragment of the nucleocapsid (n) gene of bcv and a nested pcr targeting a 407-base pair fragment of the n gene were used in an attempt to detect tocv from north car ...200111785902
novel receptor specificity of avian gammacoronaviruses that cause enteritis.viruses exploit molecules on the target membrane as receptors for attachment and entry into host cells. thus, receptor expression patterns can define viral tissue tropism and might to some extent predict the susceptibility of a host to a particular virus. previously, others and we have shown that respiratory pathogens of the genus gammacoronavirus, including chicken infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), require specific α2,3-linked sialylated glycans for attachment and entry. here, we studied deter ...201526063435
turkey coronavirus is more closely related to avian infectious bronchitis virus than to mammalian coronaviruses: a review.turkey coronavirus (tcov) is the cause of an acute highly contagious enteric disease of turkeys. in recent years, tcov has been increasingly recognized in north america as an important pathogen of young turkeys, resulting in economic loss due to impaired growth and poor feed conversion. while the epidemiology and pathogenesis of tcov have been extensively studied, tcov remains one of the least characterized of the known coronaviruses. avian and mammalian coronaviruses have been subdivided into d ...200019184806
isolation and propagation of coronaviruses in embryonated eggs.the embryonated egg is a complex structure comprised of an embryo and its supporting membranes (chorioallantoic, amniotic, yolk). the developing embryo and its membranes provide the diversity of cell types that are needed for successful replication of a wide variety of different viruses. within the family coronaviridae the embryonated egg has been used as a host system primarily for two avian coronaviruses within the genus gammacoronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and turkey coronaviru ...201525720472
emergence of a group 3 coronavirus through recombination.analyses of turkey coronavirus (tcov), an enteric disease virus that is highly similar to infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) an upper-respiratory tract disease virus in chickens, were conducted to determine the adaptive potential, and genetic changes associated with emergence of this group 3 coronavirus. strains of tcov that were pathogenic in poults and nonpathogenic in chickens did not adapt to cause disease in chickens. comparative genomics revealed two recombination sites that replaced the sp ...201020022075
isolation of a coronavirus from a green-cheeked amazon parrot (amazon viridigenalis cassin).a virus (av71/99) was isolated from a green-cheeked amazon parrot by propagation and passage in both primary embryo liver cells derived from blue and yellow macaw (ara ararauna) embryos and chicken embryo liver cells. electron microscopic examination of cytopathic agents derived from both types of cell cultures suggested that it was a coronavirus. this was confirmed using a pan-coronavirus reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction that amplified part of gene 1 that encodes the rna-dependen ...200616595304
comparison of 3'-end encoding regions of turkey coronavirus isolates from indiana, north carolina, and minnesota with chicken infectious bronchitis coronavirus strains.to analyze the 3'-end structural protein-encoding region of turkey coronavirus (tcov) isolates associated with outbreaks of acute enteritis in indiana, north carolina, or minnesota.200616491018
coronavirus associated with an enteric syndrome on a quail farm.an enteric syndrome was observed in quail (coturnix coturnix) semi-intensively reared for restocking in apulia (southern italy). the birds showed depression, severe diarrhoea, dehydration and reduced growth. mortality occurred particularly in young birds. at necropsy the prominent lesion was enteritis. a coronavirus was detected by electron microscopy and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in the faeces and in the intestinal content of the dead quails. the virus could not be cultiva ...200717497340
isolation and characterization of a coronavirus from pigeons with pancreatitis.to identify and partially characterize a coronaviruslike virus isolated from naturally infected pigeons.200616948604
detection and molecular characterization of gene 3 and 5 of turkey coronavirus from turkeys with severe enteritis in brazil.turkey coronavirus (tcov) is a causative agent associated with poult enteritis and mortality syndrome (pems) in turkeys worldwide. the disease is an acute, highly contagious enteric disease that is characterized by depression, anorexia, diarrhea, and high mortality in commercial turkey flocks. the presence of tcov in 12 intestinal-content samples, from turkey flocks aged between 10 and 104 days and exhibiting severe enteritis, was monitored during the period of 2004 to 2006. tcov detection was a ...200919848072
pathology and tissue distribution of turkey coronavirus in experimentally infected chicks and turkey poults.twenty 1-day-old specific pathogen free chicks and 20 1-day-old commercially derived turkey poults were inoculated with a brazilian strain of turkey coronavirus (tcov) to study the pathogenicity and virus distribution up to 14 days post-inoculation by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. at 2-14 dpi, tcov antigens were detected in the paranasal sinus and lachrymal accessory gland (harderian gland) of infected chicks and in the ileu ...201020163804
characterization of novel, pathogenic field strains of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in poultry in trinidad and tobago.avian coronaviruses, including infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and turkey coronavirus (tcov), are economically important viruses affecting poultry worldwide. ibv is responsible for causing severe losses to the commercial poultry sector globally. the objectives of this study were to identify the viruses that were causing outbreaks of severe respiratory disease in chickens in trinidad and tobago (t&t) and to characterize the strains. swab samples were collected from birds showing severe respirat ...202032438523
isolation and propagation of coronaviruses in embryonated eggs.the embryonated egg is a complex structure comprising an embryo and its supporting membranes (chorioallantoic, amniotic, yolk). the developing embryo and its membranes provide the diversity of cell types that are needed for successful replication of a wide variety of different viruses. within the family coronaviridae, the embryonated egg has been used as a host system primarily for two group 3 coronaviruses, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and turkey coronavirus (tcov), but it also has been sh ...200819057881
pathogenicity of turkey coronavirus in turkeys and chickens.we designed this study to compare the replication potential of turkey coronavirus (tcv) and its effect in chickens and turkeys and to study the effect of singleand combined infection of turkey poults with tcv and astrovirus. we studied the pathogenicity of tcv in experimentally inoculated turkey poults and chickens by observing the dinical signs and gross lesions. two trials were conducted with 1-day-old and 4-wk-old specific-pathogen-free turkey poults and chickens. one-day-old turkey poults de ...200314562877
age-related susceptibility of turkeys to enteric viruses.several different enteric viruses have been identified as the causes of gastrointestinal infections in poultry. enteric virus infections are well characterized in poults, but limited studies have been conducted in older birds. the susceptibility of 2-, 7-, 12-, 30-, and 52-wk-old turkeys to turkey coronavirus (tcov) and turkey astrovirus (tastv) was evaluated, as well as the effect of combined infection of tastv and tcov in 2-wk-old poults and turkey hens. from cloacal swabs and intestines, tcov ...201526473670
a recombinant infectious bronchitis virus from a chicken with a spike gene closely related to that of a turkey coronavirus.using viral metagenomics, the complete genome sequence of an infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strain (named ahysx-1) from a fecal sample from a healthy chicken in anhui province, china, was determined. the genome sequence of ahysx-1 was found to be very similar to that of ibv strain ck/ch/lln/131040 (kx252787), except for the spike gene region, which is similar to that of a turkey coronavirus strain (eu022526), suggesting that ahysx-1 is a recombinant. recombination analysis and phylogenetic an ...202031982944
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