| hepatitis viruses: characterization and diagnostic techniques. | two human hypatitis viruses have been identified and characterized, but one or more additional agents exist. hepatitis b virus (hbv) is a complex 42-nm predominantly double-stranded dna virus with distinct surface and core antigens and an endogenous dna polymerase. hepatitis a virus (hav) is a 27-nm rna virus with enterovirus-like properties. progressively more sensitive and specific immunologic assays have been applied to the study of viral hepatitis and are available for routine diagnostic pur ... | 1980 | 6246688 |
| release of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein in experimental endotoxemia and clinical sepsis. role of tumor necrosis factor. | bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (bp]) is contained within the azurophilic granules of neutrophils and is able to neutralize endotoxin and kill gram-negative bacteria. tnf has been implicated as a mediator of endotoxin-induced neutrophil degranulation. to assess the role of tnf in the elevated bpi levels during sepsis, the following studies were performed. 1) in 31 consecutive patients with sepsis syndrome, plasma bpi levels were markedly elevated compared with those in healthy contr ... | 1996 | 8648149 |
| expression, purification, immunological characterization and application of escherichia coli-derived hepatitis c virus e2 proteins. | the envelope glycoprotein e2 of hepatitis c virus (hcv) has been shown to bind human target cells. anti-e2 antibodies have been associated with both recovery from natural infection in humans and protection from challenge with homologous hcv in chimpanzees. therefore e2 has become a major target for the development of anti-hcv vaccines. two e2 fragments [amino acids (aa) 450-565 and aa 385-565] derived from a subtype 1b hcv genome were expressed as n-terminally hexahistidine-tagged proteins in es ... | 2001 | 11592917 |
| plague toxin: its effect in vitro and in vivo. | the murine toxin of pasteurella pestis inhibited the respiration of heart mitochondria from the rat and the mouse but had little or no effect on the respiration of mitochondria from the rabbit, chimpanzee, dog, and monkey. alterations occurred in tile s-t segments of the electrocardiogramus recorded corded from rats injected with (1/4) to 10 ld(50) of toxin, but not in those from rats dying of hemorrhagic shock, hypoxia, intoxication with glucose, or escherichia coli endotoxin. no abnormalities ... | 1963 | 14056714 |
| bacterial expression of a human recombinant monoclonal antibody fab fragment against hepatitis b surface antigen. | the fab fragment was cloned from the monoclonal cell line tapc301-cl4, which was produced using the epstein-barr virus (ebv) transformation method. this cell line produces a human monoclonal antibody (cl4mab) against the hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). this mab was shown to have hepatitis b virus (hbv) neutralizing activity in chimpanzees. the fab fragment was produced by subjecting the heavy and light chain antibody genes of the tapc301-cl4 cell line to reverse transcription-polymerase cha ... | 1999 | 10421399 |
| neisseria gonorrhoeae: vaginal clearance and its correlation with resistance to infection in subcutaneous chambers in orally immunized estradiol-primed mice. | the rate of clearance of neisseria gonorrhoeae in vaginal specimens harvested from inbred balb/c and outbred (institute of cancer research [icr]) white mice, previously primed with saline or beta-estradiol and then challenged with live gonococci, was determined. survival of gonococci was significantly (p < 0.05) better in estradiol-primed mice from both inbred and outbred lines at 24 h after challenge. vaginal clearance of gonococci from icr mice parenterally primed with a gonococcal pi-b synthe ... | 1997 | 9302742 |
| [gene cloning of ligand binding domain of porcine beta3 as fmdv receptor and preparation of its polyclonal antibody]. | to clone and express the ligand binding domain (lbd) cdna of porcine integrin beta3 as foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) receptor and prepare its polyclonal antibody. | 2008 | 18394343 |
| pentoxifylline attenuates neutrophil activation in experimental endotoxemia in chimpanzees. | costimulation of neutrophils and cytokines may play an important role in organ injury in sepsis. pentoxifylline inhibits various neutrophil functions in vitro, and attenuates endotoxin-induced production of tnf in both in vitro and in vivo models. to assess the effect of pentoxifylline on neutrophil activation in endotoxemia, nine adult chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) were i.v. injected with saline (n = 2), escherichia coli endotoxin (4 ng/kg; n = 4), or e. coli endotoxin (4 ng/kg) in combination ... | 1993 | 8345209 |
| differential effects of anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibodies on systemic inflammatory responses in experimental endotoxemia in chimpanzees. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf) is considered to be a pivotal mediator of endotoxin-induced lethality. to assess the intermediate role of tnf in specific systemic inflammatory responses known to contribute to tissue injury in endotoxemia, eight healthy adult chimpanzees were intravenously injected with escherichia coli endotoxin (4 ng/kg). in four of these animals the administration of endotoxin was followed immediately by a bolus intravenous injection of an anti-tnf monoclonal antibody (15 mg/kg). ... | 1994 | 8286742 |
| tumor necrosis factor is involved in the appearance of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in endotoxemia. | to assess the role of tumor necrosis factor (tnf) in the appearance of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (il-1ra) in endotoxemia, 4 healthy humans were studied after a bolus intravenous injection of recombinant human tnf (50 micrograms/m2). in addition, 8 healthy chimpanzees were investigated after a bolus intravenous injection of escherichia coli endotoxin (4 ng/kg) with (n = 4) or without (n = 4) a simultaneous intravenous injection of a monoclonal anti-tnf antibody (15 mg/kg). tnf induced a p ... | 1994 | 8158047 |
| platelet-activating factor antagonist tcv-309 attenuates the induction of the cytokine network in experimental endotoxemia in chimpanzees. | platelet-activating factor (paf) has been postulated to play a role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. additionally, in vitro studies have revealed tight interactions between paf and the cytokine network, and paf is considered to be an important stimulator of neutrophil functions. to assess the intermediate role of paf in the induction of cytokines and neutrophil degranulation in endotoxemia in vivo, 12 healthy adult chimpanzees were i.v. injected with a bolus dose of escherichia coli endotoxin (4 n ... | 1994 | 8133055 |
| antimicrobial potential of 27 plants consumed by chimpanzees (pan troglodytes verus blumenbach) in ivory coast. | due to their genetic proximity, chimpanzees share with human several diseases including bacterial, fungal and viral infections, such as candidiasis, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), ebola virus disease. however, in its natural environment, chimpanzees are tolerant to several pathogens including simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), virus related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) that contribute to the emergence of opportunistic diseases such as microbial infections. | 2015 | 26498034 |
| proteome compression via protein domain compositions. | in this paper, we study domain compositions of proteins via compression of whole proteins in an organism for the sake of obtaining the entropy that the individual contains. we suppose that a protein is a multiset of domains. since gene duplication and fusion have occurred through evolutionary processes, the same domains and the same compositions of domains appear in multiple proteins, which enables us to compress a proteome by using references to proteins for duplicated and fused proteins. such ... | 2014 | 24486717 |
| identification of functional domains of interleukin-3 by construction of primate interspecies chimera. | interleukin-3 (il-3) is involved in regulation of proliferation and differentiation of multipotent hemopoietic cells and stimulates the production of most blood cell types. the observed functional specificity across species concurs with an extreme rate of il-3 amino acid substitutions during mammalian evolution. tamarin il-3 exhibited 70.5% sequence identity with human il-3 and was severely impaired in supporting proliferation of human il-3-dependent cells. in contrast, chimpanzee il-3 displayed ... | 1994 | 7857661 |
| effect of postponed treatment with an anti-tumour necrosis factor (tnf) f(ab')2 fragment on endotoxin-induced cytokine and neutrophil responses in chimpanzees. | tnf is considered to be an intermediate factor in endotoxin-induced release of other cytokines and endotoxin-induced neutrophil degranulation. little is known about the effect of postponed treatment with anti-tnf in primate endotoxin models. to assess the effect of delayed treatment with anti-tnf in endotoxaemia, six healthy adult chimpanzees were intravenously injected with escherichia coli endotoxin (4 ng/kg). in three of these animals the administration of endotoxin was followed after 30 min ... | 1995 | 7697917 |
| determinants for protein localization: beta-lactamase signal sequence directs globin across microsomal membranes. | a hybrid gene containing 182 codons of escherichia coli beta-lactamase at the amino terminus of the corresponding protein and 141 codons of alpha-globin at the carboxyl terminus was generated by inserting chimpanzee alpha-globin cdna into the pst i site of plasmid pbr322. rna transcribed in vitro from this plasmid gave a corresponding hybrid protein in a wheat germ cell-free translation system. the hybrid protein was protected from tryptic digestion and the pre-beta-lactamase signal peptide was ... | 1984 | 6607473 |
| elimination of interleukin 6 attenuates coagulation activation in experimental endotoxemia in chimpanzees. | the role of interleukin 6 (il-6) in the toxic sequelae of sepsis is controversial. to assess the part of il-6 in inflammatory responses to endotoxin, we investigated eight chimpanzees after either a bolus intravenous injection of escherichia coli endotoxin (n = 4; 4 ng/kg) or after the same dose of endotoxin with a simultaneous bolus intravenous injection of an anti-il-6 mab (30 mg; n = 4). anti-il-6 did not affect the induction of the cytokine network (tumor necrosis factor [tnf], soluble tnf r ... | 1994 | 8145042 |
| development of an enzyme immunoassay using recombinant expressed antigen to detect hepatitis delta virus antibodies. | two generic enzyme immunoassays (eias) were developed for detection of anti-hepatitis delta virus antibodies (anti-hd) and compared with a commercially available radioimmunoassay. both generic assays were configured as blocking assays and used hepatitis delta antigen (hdag) derived from infected chimpanzee liver (eia-1) or from escherichia coli transformed with a plasmid containing an insert from within an open reading frame encoding hdag (eia-2). absolute sensitivity was ascertained by endpoint ... | 1989 | 2685022 |
| protective immunisation against hepatitis b with an internal antigen of the virus. | preparations of hepatitis b virus (hbv) core antigen (hbcag) synthesised in escherichia coli have been shown previously to confer partial immunity against infection by the virus [murray, bruce, hinnen, wingfield, van eerd, de reus, and schellekens: embo journal 3:645-650, 1984]. in a further experiment reported here, immunisation of chimpanzees with a similar preparation of hbcag that had been treated with sodium dodecyl sulphate in order to expose e antigen epitopes was found to protect one ani ... | 1987 | 2445909 |
| cloning, sequencing and expression in escherichia coli of cdna for a non-a, non-b hepatitis-associated microtubular aggregates protein. | a 1.7 kb cdna encoding a novel antigen (p44; apparent mr 44k) associated with non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis, was isolated from the hepatic cdna library of a chimpanzee infected with nanb hepatitis. the library was screened with a monoclonal antibody against this antigen. the cdna cloned contained an open reading frame encoding a 444 amino acid protein with an mr calculated to be 50,468. the cdna hybridized to a 1.9 kb mrna obtained from chimpanzee hepatocytes infected with either the nanb or hep ... | 1990 | 2170570 |
| specific and sensitive igg4 immunodiagnosis of onchocerciasis with a recombinant 33 kd onchocerca volvulus protein (ov33). | the full length cdna of the immunodominant ov33 protein of onchocerca volvulus was expressed in e. coli using various vector constructs. expression was best with the vectors pgex2t and pcg808fx, yielding fusion protein ov33-gst and ov33-mbp, respectively. purified fusion protein ov33-gst and o. volvulus antigen extracts (ovag) were used to compare antibody responses (igm and igg-subclasses) of patients infected with o. volvulus, brugia malayi, wuchereria bancrofti, mansonella perstans/loa loa an ... | 1992 | 1281926 |
| apparent trends of amino acid gain and loss in protein evolution due to nearly neutral variation. | it has recently been claimed that certain amino acids have been increasing in frequency in all living organisms for most of the history of life on earth, while other amino acids have been decreasing in frequency. three lines of evidence have been offered for this assertion, but each has a more plausible alternative interpretation. here i show that unequal patterns of gains and losses for particular pairs of amino acids (such as more leucine --> phenylalanine than phenylalanine --> leucine substi ... | 2006 | 16195487 |
| inparanoid: a comprehensive database of eukaryotic orthologs. | the inparanoid eukaryotic ortholog database (http://inparanoid.cgb.ki.se/) is a collection of pairwise ortholog groups between 17 whole genomes; anopheles gambiae, caenorhabditis briggsae, caenorhabditis elegans, drosophila melanogaster, danio rerio, takifugu rubripes, gallus gallus, homo sapiens, mus musculus, pan troglodytes, rattus norvegicus, oryza sativa, plasmodium falciparum, arabidopsis thaliana, escherichia coli, saccharomyces cerevisiae and schizosaccharomyces pombe. complete proteomes ... | 2005 | 15608241 |
| spag11/isoform he2c, an atypical anionic beta-defensin-like peptide. | a human caput epididymidal cdna, he2c, was cloned based on its homology to the known chimpanzee counterpart, suggesting that the encoded beta-defensin-like peptide represented a conserved component of the innate epididymidal epithelial defense system in primates. an approximately 6kda he2- related peptide was co-purified together with other he2 isoforms from human seminal plasma by affinity chromatography. by its antibody reactivity as shown by western blot analysis, this peptide was distinct fr ... | 2004 | 15350689 |
| induction of hepatitis c virus-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice and rhesus by artificial multiple epitopes sequence. | the investigation of antigenic epitopes in hepatitis c virus (hcv) protein suggests that a central sequence combined with multiple antigenic epitopes of hcv might be significant as a potential vaccine candidate. this artificial sequence of combined and modified multiple antigenic epitopic peptides (hc-b2), containing three b and four t cell epitopes, was constructed and expressed in e. coli. antigen analysis indicated that this peptide antigen was capable of interacting with anti-sera collected ... | 2003 | 14583147 |
| majority of divergence between closely related dna samples is due to indels. | it was recently shown that indels are responsible for more than twice as many unmatched nucleotides as are base substitutions between samples of chimpanzee and human dna. a larger sample has now been examined and the result is similar. the number of indels is approximately 1/12th of the number of base substitutions and the average length of the indels is 36 nt, including indels up to 10 kb. the ratio (r(u)) of unpaired nucleotides attributable to indels to those attributable to substitutions is ... | 2003 | 12672966 |
| characterization of a recombinant t cell and b cell reactive polypeptide of onchocerca volvulus. | to identify potentially protective ag of the filarial nematode onchocerca volvulus on the molecular level we screened a cdna library of o. volvulus with a human serum raised against radiation-attenuated infective larvae of o. volvulus. a cdna clone of 218 bp (ovl3-1) was selected for further studies. it was expressed in escherichia coli and affinity purified recombinant polypeptide was tested for its ability to stimulate in vitro pbmc from african onchocerciasis patients and pbmc from chimpanzee ... | 1993 | 8454865 |
| pegylated recombinant human soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor type i (r-hu-stnf-ri): novel high affinity tnf receptor designed for chronic inflammatory diseases. | the proinflammatory cytokine, tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnfalpha) has been shown to play a pivotal part in mediating acute and chronic inflammation. the activities of tnfalpha are modulated by the proteolytic shedding of the soluble extracellular domains of the two tnf receptors, p55 stnf-ri and p75 stnf-rii. amgen inc has cloned and expressed a recombinant form of a natural inhibitor of tnfalpha, referred to as recombinant human soluble tnf receptor type i (r-hu-stnf-ri, stnf-ri). stnf-ri i ... | 1999 | 10577978 |
| development of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of 23 endogenous steroids in small quantities of primate urine. | a quantitative method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms-ms) was developed for the simultaneous determination of 23 endogenous steroids in primate urine. the introduced method includes estrone, pregnandiol, cortisol, testosterone and several human urinary glucocorticoid and androgen metabolites. as the method is intended for the analysis of steroid hormones in behavioral studies on wild-living primates, it was adapted for a sample volume of 200microl urine. the sample pr ... | 2008 | 18054529 |
| pervasive hitchhiking at coding and regulatory sites in humans. | much effort and interest have focused on assessing the importance of natural selection, particularly positive natural selection, in shaping the human genome. although scans for positive selection have identified candidate loci that may be associated with positive selection in humans, such scans do not indicate whether adaptation is frequent in general in humans. studies based on the reasoning of the macdonald-kreitman test, which, in principle, can be used to evaluate the extent of positive sele ... | 2009 | 19148272 |
| gastrointestinal parasites of the chimpanzee population introduced onto rubondo island national park, tanzania. | the release of any species into a novel environment can evoke transmission of parasites that do not normally parasitize the host as well as potentially introducing new parasites into the environment. species introductions potentially incur such risks, yet little is currently known about the parasite fauna of introduced primate species over the long term. we describe the results of long-term monitoring of the intestinal parasite fauna of an unprovisioned, reproducing population of chimpanzees int ... | 2010 | 20014274 |
| patterns of gastro-intestinal parasites and commensals as an index of population and ecosystem health: the case of sympatric western chimpanzees (pan troglodytes verus) and guinea baboons (papio hamadryas papio) at fongoli, senegal. | the exponential decline of great apes over the past 50 years has resulted in an urgent need for data to inform population viability assessment and conservation strategies. health monitoring of remaining ape populations is an important component of this process. in support of this effort, we examined endoparasitic and commensal prevalence and richness as proxies of population health for western chimpanzees (pan troglodytes verus) and sympatric guinea baboons (papio hamadryas papio) at fongoli, se ... | 2011 | 20853397 |
| cdna, genomic sequence cloning and overexpression of the ribosomal protein s13 gene in the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca). | the cdna and the genomic sequence of ribosomal protein s13 (rps13) of the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) was cloned using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and touchdown-pcr, respectively. these two sequences were sequenced and analyzed, and the cdna of the rps13 gene was overexpressed in escherichia coli bl21. we compared the nucleotide sequences of the coding region and the amino acid sequences with those of seven other mammalian species retrieved from genbank. the ... | 2011 | 21268784 |
| giardia duodenalis assemblages and entamoeba species infecting non-human primates in an italian zoological garden: zoonotic potential and management traits. | giardia duodenalis and entamoeba spp. are among the most common intestinal human protozoan parasites worldwide and they are frequently reported in captive non-human primates (nhp). from a public health point of view, infected animals in zoos constitute a risk for animal caretakers and visitors. in this study we carried out the molecular identification of g. duodenalis and entamoeba spp. from nine species of primates housed in the zoological garden of rome, to better ascertain their occurrence an ... | 2011 | 21988762 |
| low rates of antimicrobial-resistant enterobacteriaceae in wildlife in taï national park, côte d'ivoire, surrounded by villages with high prevalence of multiresistant esbl-producing escherichia coli in people and domestic animals. | antimicrobial resistance genes can be found in all ecosystems, including those where antibiotic selective pressure has never been exerted. we investigated resistance genes in a collection of faecal samples of wildlife (non-human primates, mice), people and domestic animals (dogs, cats) in côte d'ivoire; in the chimpanzee research area of taï national park (tnp) and adjacent villages. single bacteria isolates were collected from antibiotic-containing agar plates and subjected to molecular analysi ... | 2014 | 25474243 |
| loss of cmah during human evolution primed the monocyte-macrophage lineage toward a more inflammatory and phagocytic state. | humans and chimpanzees are more sensitive to endotoxin than are mice or monkeys, but any underlying differences in inflammatory physiology have not been fully described or understood. we studied innate immune responses in cmah(-/-) mice, emulating human loss of the gene encoding production of neu5gc, a major cell surface sialic acid. cmp-n-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (cmah) loss occurred ∼2-3 million years ago, after the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees, perhaps contributing to sp ... | 2017 | 28148732 |
| expression of full-length immunoglobulins in escherichia coli: rapid and efficient production of aglycosylated antibodies. | many research and clinical applications require large quantities of full-length antibodies with long circulating half-lives, and production of these complex multi-subunit proteins has in the past been restricted to eukaryotic hosts. in this report, we demonstrate that efficient secretion of heavy and light chains in a favorable ratio leads to the high-level expression and assembly of full-length iggs in the escherichia coli periplasm. the technology described offers a rapid, generally applicable ... | 2002 | 12009210 |
| novel polyomaviruses of nonhuman primates: genetic and serological predictors for the existence of multiple unknown polyomaviruses within the human population. | polyomaviruses are a family of small non-enveloped dna viruses that encode oncogenes and have been associated, to greater or lesser extent, with human disease and cancer. currently, twelve polyomaviruses are known to circulate within the human population. to further examine the diversity of human polyomaviruses, we have utilized a combinatorial approach comprised of initial degenerate primer-based pcr identification and phylogenetic analysis of nonhuman primate (nhp) polyomavirus species, follow ... | 2013 | 23818846 |
| production and biomedical applications of virus-like particles derived from polyomaviruses. | virus-like particles (vlps), aggregates of capsid proteins devoid of viral genetic material, show great promise in the fields of vaccine development and gene therapy. these particles spontaneously self-assemble after heterologous expression of viral structural proteins. this review will focus on the use of virus-like particles derived from polyomavirus capsid proteins. since their first recombinant production 27 years ago these particles have been investigated for a myriad of biomedical applicat ... | 2013 | 23999392 |
| measuring urinary testosterone levels of the great apes--problems with enzymatic hydrolysis using helix pomatia juice. | helix pomatia (hp) juice is a common enzymatic preparation for deconjugation of urinary steroids. it has been used in many published studies on urinary testosterone (t) in chimpanzees and bonobos, although the ability of hp juice to convert other urinary steroids into t has been reported for human urine. we developed a protocol for determination of reliable t levels in primate urine using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. t levels were determined in a set of human, bonobo and chimpanzee u ... | 2008 | 18639242 |
| ligand diversity of human and chimpanzee cyp3a4: activation of human cyp3a4 by lithocholic acid results from positive selection. | for currently unknown reasons, the evolution of cyp3a4 underwent acceleration in the human lineage after the split from chimpanzee. we investigated the significance of this event by comparing escherichia coli-expressed cyp3a4 from humans, chimpanzee, and their most recent common ancestor. the expression level of chimpanzee cyp3a4 was approximately 50% of the human cyp3a4, whereas ancestral cyp3a4 did not express in e. coli. steady-state kinetic analysis with 7-benzyloxyquinoline, 7-benzyloxy-4-( ... | 2009 | 19299527 |
| rhesus macaque theta defensins suppress inflammatory cytokines and enhance survival in mouse models of bacteremic sepsis. | theta-defensins (θ-defensins) are macrocyclic antimicrobial peptides expressed in leukocytes of old world monkeys. the peptides are broad spectrum microbicides in vitro and numerous θ-defensin isoforms have been identified in granulocytes of rhesus macaques and olive baboons. several mammalian α- and β-defensins, genetically related to θ-defensins, have proinflammatory and immune-activating properties that bridge innate and acquired immunity. in the current study we analyzed the immunoregulatory ... | 2012 | 23236475 |
| molecular identification of entamoeba species in savanna woodland chimpanzees (pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). | to address the molecular diversity and occurrence of pathogenic species of the genus entamoeba spp. in wild non-human primates (nhp) we conducted molecular-phylogenetic analyses on entamoeba from wild chimpanzees living in the issa valley, tanzania. we compared the sensitivity of molecular [using a genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr)] and coproscopic detection (merthiolate-iodine-formaldehyde concentration) of entamoeba spp. we identified entamoeba spp. in 72 chimpanzee fecal samples ... | 2016 | 26935395 |
| possible role of tnf on procalcitonin release in a baboon model of sepsis. | procalcitonin (pct) has been described as an early and discriminating marker of bacteria-associated sepsis in patients. however, little is known of its source and actions, especially with regard to its relation to tumor necrosis factor (tnf). tnf is responsible for the release of several other mediators of sepsis e.g., chemokines. we tested the hypothesis that plasma pct levels during sepsis differ with regard to the degree of tnf availability. severe hyperdynamic sepsis was induced in baboons ( ... | 2001 | 11442311 |
| pre-s1 antigens and antibodies early in the course of acute hepatitis b virus infection. | the presence of the two "large" surface proteins of hepatitis b virus (hbv), p39 and gp42 of pre-s1-hepatitis b surface antigen, was assayed in the serum of an experimentally infected chimpanzee by using antibodies to a pre-s1-specific fusion protein synthesized in escherichia coli. the immune response to pre-s1-hepatitis b surface antigen was monitored by using the pre-s1 fusion protein as an antigen. pre-s1 proteins were detected in the serum early in the course of infection and prevailed as l ... | 1986 | 3701922 |
| expression of a recombinant kringle v of human apolipoprotein(a): antibody characterization and species specificity. | lipoprotein(a) is a macromolecular complex consisting of a low-density lipoprotein-like particle with an additional glycoprotein, apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)], linked to apolipoprotein b-100 via a disulfide bond. apo(a) is highly homologous to plasminogen. we have cloned the sequence corresponding to the kringle v domain of apo(a) from human liver cdna using an experimental approach involving use of the polymerase chain reaction. the protein product of this clone was expressed in the cytoplasmic c ... | 1996 | 8812848 |
| regulation of interleukin 10 release by tumor necrosis factor in humans and chimpanzees. | interleukin 10 (il-10) has been shown to inhibit endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis factor (tnf) production. to assess the role of tnf in the induction of il-10 in endotoxemia, four healthy men were studied after a bolus intravenous injection of recombinant human tnf (50 micrograms/m2). in addition, 13 healthy chimpanzees were investigated after a bolus intravenous injection of escherichia coli endotoxin (4 ng/kg), 6 animals received endotoxin only, 4 animals received a simultaneous intravenous in ... | 1994 | 7964475 |