| the vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops) as an experimental model for trypanosoma brucei gambiense human african trypanosomiasis: a clinical, biological and pathological study. | it has long been known that the vervet monkey, chlorocebus (c.) aethiops, can be infected with trypanosoma rhodesiense, but this model has not been described for t. gambiense. in this study, we report the development of such a model for human african trypanosomiasis. twelve vervet monkeys infected with t. gambiense developed chronic disease. the duration of the disease ranged between 23 and 612 days (median 89 days) in five untreated animals. trypanosomes were detected in the blood within the fi ... | 2006 | 16325877 |
| lipid metabolism and other metabolic changes in vervet monkeys experimentally infected with trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. | background human african trypanosomiasis is associated with metabolic changes which have not been well characterized. methods chlorocebus aethiops were experimentally infected with trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and late-stage disease induced at 28 days post-infection. ear prick blood for glucose determination and blood samples were obtained at weekly intervals for 56 days. analysis was carried out using dry chemistry analysis. results in early infection, there was a significant increase in c ... | 2011 | 22070162 |
| efficacy of the novel diamidine compound 2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)- furan-bis-o-methlylamidoxime (pafuramidine, db289) against trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection in vervet monkeys after oral administration. | owing to the lack of oral drugs for human african trypanosomiasis, patients have to be hospitalized for 10 to 30 days to facilitate treatment with parenterally administered medicines. the efficacy of a novel orally administered prodrug, 2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)-furan-bis-o-methlylamidoxime (pafuramidine, db289), was tested in the vervet monkey (chlorocebus [cercopithecus] aethiops) model of sleeping sickness. five groups of three animals each were infected intravenously with 10(4) trypanosoma br ... | 2009 | 19064893 |
| proinflammatory cytokine expression in the early phase of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). | a vervet monkey model of trypanosomiasis was used to study inflammatory cytokine responses in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf). gamma interferon levels were transiently up-regulated in serum between days 6 and 8 of infection, followed by a sustained up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) and soluble tnf receptor 1. at no time were these cytokines detectable in the csf. | 2004 | 15102822 |
| sero-epizootiologic survey of trypanosoma brucei in kenyan nonhuman primates. | blood samples were collected from 121 individuals of three species of wild-caught nonhuman primates from kenya, including african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops), syke's monkeys (c. mitis), and olive baboons (papio cynocephalus anubis), and were examined for circulating trypanosoma brucei and for t. brucei antigen and anti-trypanosome antibody. indirect antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detected titers of anti-t. brucei antibodies in 13 of the primates sampled, and field-oriented ... | 2002 | 12564531 |
| the story of cgp 40 215: studies on its efficacy and pharmacokinetics in african green monkey infected with trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. | cgp 40 215 is an inhibitor of s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, a key enzyme in trypanosomal polyamine biosynthesis. it is highly active against trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and t. b. gambiense in vitro and in the corresponding rodent models, and therefore was a promising candidate for further development as a new drug against human african trypanosomiasis. we conducted initial pharmacokinetic and efficacy studies in african green monkeys: based on two dose-finding studies, an infection-trea ... | 2001 | 11348531 |
| nitric oxide production in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) infected with trypanosoma brucei. | a retrospective study of nitrate concentration in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) infected with trypanosoma brucei was undertaken. serum nitrate was significantly elevated in parasitaemic animals. csf nitrate detection correlated with the presence of parasites in the cns. the results provide evidence for the production of nitric oxide (no) in response to infection in a primate model of human african trypanosomiasis and provide the basis for the us ... | 1998 | 9767605 |
| [human african trypanosomiasis, contributions of experimental models]. | melarsoprol has remained the chosen drug for the late-stage treatment of human african trypanosomiasis (hat) due both to trypanosoma brucei (t.b.) gambiense and t.b. rhodesiense; however, arsenical encephalopathies, which are often fatal, occur in 5-10% of the treated cases. to date, two major problems have not been solved. the first one is the precise diagnosis of early involvement of the central nervous system (cns) which determines the therapeutics to be administered. the second one is linked ... | 1998 | 9642464 |
| trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense: use of an antigen detection enzyme immunoassay for evaluation of response to chemotherapy in infected vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). | thirty eight trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense-infected vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) in the late (meningoencephalitic) stage of disease, treated with various trypanocidal drugs, were monitored for a period of more than 600 days to assess the rate of clearance of trypanosome antigens from serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf). there was a complete but gradual reduction in antigen titres, as assessed by elisa, in animals treated intravenously with melarsoprol, the standard drug for the late ... | 1994 | 7899795 |
| trypanosomal cardiac valvulitis in vervet monkeys. | quarantined vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) were infected with trypanosoma brucei (10(4) parasites/animal) in a tsetse free area. thirteen monkeys (11 infected with t.b. rhodesiense and 2 with t.b. brucei) were studied. animals became parasitaemic within one week after infection. the infection time lasted between 21 and 129 days; in 8 monkeys it was between 50 and 70 days. macroscopically massive pericarditis was observed in one, pericardial effusion in one, small apical aneurysms in thr ... | 1985 | 4023556 |
| il-6 is upregulated in late-stage disease in monkeys experimentally infected with trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. | the management of human african trypanosomiasis (hat) is constrained by lack of simple-to-use diagnostic, staging, and treatment tools. the search for novel biomarkers is, therefore, essential in the fight against hat. the current study aimed at investigating the potential of il-6 as an adjunct parameter for hat stage determination in vervet monkey model. four adult vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops) were experimentally infected with trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and treated subcuratively at ... | 2013 | 24194772 |