| infections with francisella tularensis biovar palaearctica in hares (lepus timidus, lepus europaeus) from sweden. | the occurrence of tularemia was studied in 1,500 hares submitted to the national veterinary institute, uppsala, sweden for postmortem examination during 1973 through 1985. a total of 109 tularemia cases was recorded based on the fluorescent antibody (fa) test for francisella tularensis and on the gross and microscopic pathology. tularemia was diagnosed only in the varying hare (lepus timidus) and not in the european brown hare (lepus europaeus). the geographical distribution of the 109 cases ind ... | 1988 | 2900904 |
| detection of francisella tularensis in biological specimens using a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, an immunochromatographic handheld assay, and a pcr. | the early detection of francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is important for adequate treatment by antibiotics and the outcome of the disease. here we describe a new capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) based on monoclonal antibodies specific for lipopolysaccharide (lps) of francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica and francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis. no cross-reactivity with francisella tularensis subsp. novicida, francisella philomiragia, and a panel ... | 2000 | 10618283 |
| [seroepidemiological studies of zoonotic infections in hunters in southeastern austria--prevalences, risk factors, and preventive methods]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalences to zoonotic pathogens in hunters, to propose preventive measures and to obtain more information about the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in local wild animal populations. from 146 male and 3 female hunters originating from the south-eastern austrian federal states of styria and burgenland blood samples were taken and anamnestic data were obtained using a questionnaire. the serological investigations included the following viral, bact ... | 2003 | 12894685 |
| epizootiologic and ecologic investigations of european brown hares (lepus europaeus) in selected populations from schleswig-holstein, germany. | from 1997-99 european brown hare (lepus europaeus) population densities were estimated by spotlight surveys within different areas in schleswig-holstein, germany. these areas showed a wide variation in local hare population densities. in addition, red fox (vulpes vulpes) densities were estimated in 1997 by surveys of fox dens and litters. sera of 321 hares (shot between 1998-2000) from four study areas were examined for antibodies against european brown hare syndrome virus (ebhsv) by enzyme link ... | 2003 | 14733269 |
| detection of francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica in a european brown hare (lepus europaeus) in thuringia, germany. | the isolation of francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica biovar ii (strain 06t0001) from a european brown hare (lepus europaeus) from thuringia, germany, is described for the first time. identification of the microorganism was carried out by phenotypic characterisation, partial sequencing of the 16s rrna gene and specific pcr using the primers tul4-435/tul4-863 and ftc1/ftc4. the epidemiology of tularemia in germany is discussed and a risk assessment for humans is made. | 2007 | 17482385 |
| characterization of francisella tularensis strains, comparing their carbon source utilization. | thirteen francisella tularensis strains were isolated from 22 seropositive brown hares (lepus europaeus) originating from different parts of hungary, and further two from a patas monkey (erythrocebus patas) and vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops). the isolates were identified as f. tularensis ssp. holarctica on the basis of culture, morphological and biochemical characteristics. the identification was verified by polymerase chain reaction and the sequencing of the partial 16s rrna gene. utiliza ... | 2010 | 19538455 |
| tularemia of european brown hare (lepus europaeus): a pathological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical study. | the european brown hare (lepus europaeus) plays an important role in the ecology of tularemia, and it may serve as a significant source of human infection. the aim of the present study was to examine the lesions induced by francisella tularensis in 50 cases of naturally infected seropositive european brown hares. gross pathological examination revealed scant to numerous grayish-white foci with diameters of 0.1 to 1.0 cm in single organs (24 cases) or multiple organs (20 cases) in 44 of 50 cases ... | 2010 | 20466857 |
| investigation of the ecology of francisella tularensis during an inter-epizootic period. | abstract a 1-year study of the ecological cycle of francisella tularensis was performed in an enzootic area during an inter-epizootic period. the study was based on multiple sampling of all major constituents of the disease cycle. seroprevalence of tularemia in the european brown hare (lepus europaeus) population was 5.1% (10/197) with low antibody titers (1/10 and 1/20), and f. tularensis ssp. holarctica was isolated from four hares. f. tularensis was not detected in the 38 common voles (microt ... | 2010 | 21142970 |
| biochemical responses and oxidative stress in francisella tularensis infection: a european brown hare model. | the aim of the present study was to investigate biochemical and oxidative stress responses to experimental f. tularensis infection in european brown hares, an important source of human tularemia infections. | 2011 | 21232117 |
| brucellosis of the european brown hare (lepus europaeus). | the european brown hare (lepus europaeus) is an important reservoir of brucella suis biovar 2 and also of the life-threatening zoonotic agent francisella tularensis. since both bacteria can produce similar gross pathological lesions in this species, laboratory tests are necessary for the final diagnosis. the aim of the present study was to develop an immunohistochemical method for the detection of b. suis infection and to describe the pathological and histological lesions caused by b. suis in eu ... | 2011 | 21511271 |
| german francisella tularensis isolates from european brown hares (lepus europaeus) reveal genetic and phenotypic diversity. | tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by francisella tularensis that has been found in many different vertebrates. in germany most human infections are caused by contact with infected european brown hares (lepus europaeus). the aim of this study was to elucidate the epidemiology of tularemia in hares using phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of f. tularensis. | 2013 | 23517149 |
| evolutionary insights into il17a in lagomorphs. | in leporids, il17a had been implicated in the host defense against extracellular pathogens, such as francisella tularensis that infects hares and rabbits and causes the zoonotic disease tularemia. here, we studied il17a from five lagomorphs, european rabbit, pygmy rabbit, brush rabbit, european brown hare, and american pika. we observed that this protein is highly conserved between these species, with a similarity of 97-99% in leporids and ~88% between leporids and american pika. the exon/intron ... | 2015 | 26788019 |
| comparison of virulence of francisella tularensis ssp. holarctica genotypes b.12 and b.ftnf002-00. | two main genetic groups (b.12 and b.ftnf002-00) of francisella tularensis ssp. holarctica are endemic in europe. the b.ftnf002-00 group proved to be dominant in western european countries, while strains of the b.12 group were isolated mainly in northern, central and eastern europe. the clinical course of tularemia in the european brown hare (lepus europaeus) also shows distinct patterns according to the geographical area. acute course of the disease is observed in hares in western european count ... | 2017 | 28183313 |
| spatio-temporal dynamics of tularemia in french wildlife: 2002-2013. | tularemia, caused by francisella tularensis, is endemic in france. the surveillance of this disease in wildlife is operated by the sagir network and by the national reference laboratory for tularemia. wild animals found dead or dying collected by the sagir network are necropsied and when tularemia is suspected culture and/or pcr are performed to confirm the diagnosis. the aim of this study was to present the results of tularemia surveillance in wildlife and to investigate the spatial and tempora ... | 2016 | 27435644 |
| francisella tularensis clades b.ftn002-00 and b.13 are associated with distinct pathology in the european brown hare (lepus europaeus). | tularemia is a severe disease caused by francisella tularensis this bacterium has a major pathogenic potential in countless animal species as well as in humans. despite the relatively significant body of literature available on this microorganism, many questions are still open concerning its biological cycle in the environment, the pathology and pathogenesis of the disease, the possible routes of infection in animals, and the pathologic and ecological relevance of the distinct phylogenetic clust ... | 2016 | 26933097 |
| complement sensitivity and factor h binding of european francisella tularensis ssp. holarctica strains in selected animal species. | francisella tularensis is a gram-negative bacterium, the causative agent of the zoonotic disease tularaemia. the bacterium has developed several extracellular and intracellular strategies to evade the hosts' innate and adaptive immune responses. the aims of the study were to examine complement sensitivity of wild and attenuated f. tularensis ssp. holarctica strains in animal hosts of distinct sensitivity to the bacterium, to compare the complement-evading ability of wild strains of different phy ... | 2015 | 26551418 |
| tularaemia in a brown hare (lepus europaeus) in 2013: first case in the netherlands in 60 years. | tularaemia has not been reported in dutch wildlife since 1953. to enhance detection, as of july 2011, brown hares (lepus europaeus) submitted for postmortem examination in the context of non-targeted wildlife disease surveillance, were routinely tested for tularaemia by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). francisella tularensis subspecies holarctica infection was confirmed in a hare submitted in may 2013. the case occurred in limburg, near the site of the 1953 case. further surveillance should clar ... | 2013 | 24330941 |
| comparison of bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of f. tularensis subsp. holarctica in wild animals. | detection of the zoonotic pathogen francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica (ef tularensis) in wild animals with culture techniques as well as polymerase chain reaction were compared and discussed on the basis of the investigation of 60 animals. the samples originated from 55 european brown hares (lepus europaeus), two red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and one each from a wild rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus), a european beaver (castor fiber), and a lemur (lemur catta). when comparing the growth of 28 f. ... | 2013 | 23901583 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica strains from hungary, central europe. | determining the in vitro susceptibility to 11 antibiotics of francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica strains belonging to the phylogenetic group b.13, from different areas of hungary. | 2013 | 23065699 |
| effects of sublethal exposure of european brown hares to paraoxon on the course of tularemia. | the causative agent of tularemia francisella tularensis is highly infectious and lagomorphs are important reservoirs and a source of human disease. the aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that sublethal exposure to pesticides increases the susceptibility of hares to f. tularensis and modulates the course of the infection. | 2011 | 22167214 |