| plasmodium berghei ookinete densities in three anopheline species. | plasmodium berghei ookinete kinetics and densities were examined in the blood meals of 3 species of anopheles mosquitoes fed simultaneously from a gametocytemic mouse. simple techniques were developed for estimating relative and absolute ookinete densities within individual mosquito blood meals. the kinetics of ookinete formation were similar in all 3 species, with peak ookinete densities occurring from 12 to 24 hr postingestion. ookinete densities consistently were lower in anopheles stephensi ... | 1991 | 1919925 |
| using green fluorescent malaria parasites to screen for permissive vector mosquitoes. | the plasmodium species that infect rodents, particularly plasmodium berghei and plasmodium yoelii, are useful to investigate host-parasite interactions. the mosquito species that act as vectors of human plasmodia in south east asia, africa and south america show different susceptibilities to infection by rodent plasmodium species. p. berghei and p. yoelii infect both anopheles gambiae and anopheles stephensi, which are found mainly in africa and asia, respectively. however, it was reported that ... | 2006 | 16569221 |
| plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis (n67) is a robust animal model to study malaria transmission by south american anopheline mosquitoes. | malaria is endemic in the american continent and the amazonian rainforest is the region with the highest risk of transmission. however, the lack of suitable experimental models to infect malaria vectors from the americas has limited the progress to understand the biology of transmission in this region. anopheles aquasalis, a major vector in coastal areas of south america, was found to be highly refractory to infection with two strains of plasmodium falciparum (nf54 and 7g8) and with plasmodium b ... | 2016 | 27911924 |
| an antibody against an anopheles albimanus midgut myosin reduces plasmodium berghei oocyst development. | malaria parasites are transmitted by anopheles mosquitoes. although several studies have identified mosquito midgut surface proteins that are putatively important for plasmodium ookinete invasion, only a few have characterized these protein targets and demonstrated transmission-blocking activity. molecular information about these proteins is essential for the development of transmission-blocking vaccines (tbv). the aim of the present study was to test three monoclonal antibodies (mabs), a-140, a ... | 2016 | 27165123 |
| infection with plasmodium berghei ookinetes alters protein expression in the brain of anopheles albimanus mosquitoes. | the behaviour of anopheles spp. mosquitoes, vectors for plasmodium parasites, plays a crucial role in the propagation of malaria to humans. consequently, it is important to understand how the behaviour of these mosquitoes is influenced by the interaction between the brain and immunological status. the nervous system is intimately linked to the immune and endocrine systems. there is evidence that the malaria parasite alters the function of these systems upon infecting the mosquito. although there ... | 2016 | 27724938 |
| differential expression of proteins in the midgut of anopheles albimanus infected with plasmodium berghei. | the main vector for transmission of malaria in mexico is the anopheles albimanus mosquito. the midgut of disease-transmitting mosquitoes carries out a variety of functions that are related to blood feeding. we analyzed the midgut of a. albimanus infected with plasmodium berghei (resistant mosquito) using a proteomic approach to identify putative short peptides that are enriched in the midgut after blood feeding. mosquito midguts were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis to determine the c ... | 2010 | 20692341 |
| superoxide anion in anopheles albimanus hemolymph and midgut is toxic to plasmodium berghei ookinetes. | the mechanisms of plasmodium spp. elimination in resistant mosquitoes are not completely understood. some resistant anopheline strains are able to melanize plasmodium spp. ookinetes in their midguts. because quinoid compounds are potent catalysts for free radical generation and because these radicals can be generated in association with melanogenesis, it is probable that they play an important role in the elimination of parasites. the production of the superoxide anion (o-2) in the hemolymph and ... | 2002 | 12197117 |
| effect of a cecropin-like synthetic peptide (shiva-3) on the sporogonic development of plasmodium berghei. | the effect of a synthetic cecropin-like peptide, shiva-3, on in vitro ookinete development and on the early sporogonic stages of plasmodium berghei in the midgut of anopheles albimanus was investigated. peptide concentrations of 75 and 100 microm were effective (p < 0.05) in reducing ookinete production and the number of infected mosquitoes in almost all experiments. these peptide concentrations in the midgut were not toxic for the survival of the mosquitoes. complete inhibition was obtained if ... | 1995 | 7758540 |
| cost of immune priming within generations: trade-off between infection and reproduction. | immune priming is a new paradigm in innate immunity. however, most studies have focused on the benefits of priming (enhanced survival and parasite clearance after a second challenge), while little attention has been paid to the costs. in this study, both factors were investigated in anopheles albimanus primed against plasmodium berghei. as previously observed in other invertebrates, compared to un-primed mosquitoes, those primed better controlled a challenge from the same parasite, and had a hig ... | 2014 | 24291714 |
| molecular characterization of calreticulin from anopheles stephensi midgut cells and functional assay of the recombinant calreticulin with plasmodium berghei ookinetes. | transmission blocking vaccines (tbvs) that target the antigens on the midgut epithelium of anopheles mosquitoes are among the promising tools for the elimination of the malaria parasite. characterization and analysis of effective antigens is the first step to design tbvs. calreticulin (crt), a lectin-like protein, from anopheles albimanus midgut, has shown antigenic features, suggesting a promising and novel tbv target. crt is a highly conserved protein with similar features in vertebrates and i ... | 2014 | 25150160 |
| plasmodium berghei induced priming in anopheles albimanus independently of bacterial co-infection. | priming in invertebrates is the acquired capacity to better combat a pathogen due to a previous exposure to sub-lethal doses of the same organism. it is proposed to be functionally analogous to immune memory in vertebrates. previous studies with anopheles gambiae mosquitoes provide evidence that the inhibitory response to a second challenge by the malaria parasite plasmodium berghei resulted from a sustained activation of hemocytes by midgut bacteria. these bacteria probably accessed the hemolym ... | 2015 | 26004500 |
| the effect of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide in the activation of the systemic immune response of anopheles albimanus infected with plasmodium berghei. | the expression of genes encoding the antimicrobial peptides (amps) attacin, cecropin and gambicin, as well as the effects of no and h(2)o(2) on their expression was investigated in midguts and fat bodies of anopheles albimanus during the midgut infection with plasmodium berghei. midgut infection induced an increase in the expression of the three amps in both tissues; while no and h(2)o(2) were present in haemolymph. treatment with l-name and vitamin c reduced the effect of p. berghei infection o ... | 2011 | 20708028 |
| mitochondrial inactivation by anopheles albimanus cecropin 3: molecular mechanisms. | cecropin 3 (ccrp3) is an antimicrobial peptide from anopheles albimanus, which is expressed during plasmodium berghei infection. here, we report that synthetic ccrp3, aside from antibacterial activity, also shows cardio regulatory functions. in rats, ccrp3 significantly diminishes blood pressure as well as the heartbeat frequency at nanomolar concentration. ccrp3 affect the rat cardiac muscle mitochondria, inducing uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, oxygen consumption and transport of ca(2 ... | 2014 | 23880546 |