| isozyme differentiation among three pathotypes of the entomogenous fungus nomuraea rileyi. | the zymogram technique has been applied to three pathotypes of the entomopathogenic fungus nomuraea rileyi. isozyme profiles of isolates from heliothis zea, pseudoplusia includens, and anticarsia gemmatalis were compared for 17 enzymes of known metabolic function. electrophoretic data supported the taxonomic differences inferred for the three pathotypes based on host specificity. the isolate from a. gemmatalis was found consistently to be the most distinct. this study demonstrates that isozyme a ... | 1981 | 7195298 |
| compatibility of oils and antifeedants of plant origin with the entomopathogenic fungus nomuraea rileyi | | 1996 | 8812577 |
| phylogenetic relationships among strains of the entomopathogenic fungus, nomuraea rileyi, as revealed by partial beta-tubulin sequences and inter-simple sequence repeat (issr) analysis. | to elucidate the phyletic relationships among three members of the entomogenous fungal genus, nomuraea, with an emphasis on n. rileyi. | 2002 | 11967062 |
| aflp and single-strand conformation polymorphism studies of recombination in the entomopathogenic fungus nomuraea rileyi. | in most putative asexual fungi analysed through population genetic studies, recombination has been detected. however, the mechanism by which it is achieved is still not known. a parasexual cycle is known to occur in asexual fungi but there is no evidence, as yet, of its prevalence in natural populations. this study was undertaken to investigate the possibility of a parasexual cycle mediating recombination in the mitosporic fungus nomuraea rileyi. the genotypic diversity in isolates sampled from ... | 2007 | 17604614 |
| fungal communities in decaying sapwood and heartwood of a conifer keteleeria evelyniana. | fungal communities in decaying sapwood and heartwood of k. evelyniana were demonstrated through construction of four 18 s rrna gene libraries. the 210 sequenced clones were clustered into 11 subgroups, belonging to basidiomycota (71.9%) and to ascomycota (22.4%) and unclassified (1 subgroup; 5.7%). the heartwood displayed higher species richness than the sapwood. basidiomycota were dominant in either the heartwood or the sapwood. phylogenetically diverse homobasidiomycetes were detected in the h ... | 2008 | 18183460 |
| in vitro susceptibility to fungicides by invertebrate-pathogenic and saprobic fungi. | the effect of five fungicides, benomyl (1 mg/l), dodine (50 mg/l), manzate (100 mg/l), cupric sulphate (200 mg/l) and thiabendazole (4 mg/l) was tested under in vitro conditions on development of 15 isolates of fungi pathogenic for insects and other invertebrates (beauveria brongniartii, culicinomyces clavisporus, duddingtonia flagrans, hirsutella thompsonii, two metarhizium anisopliae, nomuraea rileyi, two isaria/paecilomyces spp., and sporothrix insectorum) and 13 isolates of contaminant fungi ... | 2007 | 17574540 |
| phylogenetic and structural analyses of the mating-type loci in clavicipitaceae. | entomopathogens and other econutritional fungi belonging to clavicipitaceae were phylogenetically analyzed on the basis of the 18s rrna gene and mating-type genes (mat1-1-1 and mat1-2-1). the phylogenies of the mating-type genes yielded better resolutions than that of 18s rrna gene. entomopathogens (cordyceps bassiana, cordyceps brongniartii, cordyceps militaris, cordyceps sinclairii, cordyceps takaomontana, isaria cateniannulata, isaria farinosa, isaria fumosorosea, isaria javanica, lecanicilli ... | 2006 | 17064371 |
| activity of oil-formulated conidia of the fungal entomopathogens nomuraea rileyi and isaria tenuipes against lepidopterous larvae. | the fungi nomuraea rileyi and isaria tenuipes (=paecilomyces tenuipes) are ecologically obligate, widespread pathogens of lepidopterans. bioassays were carried out to evaluate the activity of oil-suspended conidia of n. rileyi and i. tenuipes against larvae of spodoptera frugiperda, spodoptera exigua, helicoverpa zea, and heliothis virescens. the tests consisted of two bioassay sets. in the first set, conidia of n. rileyi and i. tenuipes were suspended in water+tween 80, and in vegetable (canola ... | 2010 | 20025883 |
| characterization of an indonesian isolate of paecilomyces reniformis. | an entomopathogenic fungus (indgh 96), identified as paecilomyces reniformis, was isolated from long-horned grasshoppers (orthoptera: tettigoniidae) in sulawesi, indonesia. the phenotypic and molecular data identified the indgh 96 as a p. reniformis. we present the first comprehensive characterization of this species using morphological features, sequencing of the its1-5.8s-its2 region, d1/d2 region of 28s of rdna, and a portion of the tubulin gene, and laboratory bioassays. distinguishing featu ... | 2006 | 16463094 |
| nonspecific factors involved in attachment of entomopathogenic deuteromycetes to host insect cuticle. | the attachment of the conidia of the insect-pathogenic fungi nomuraea rileyi, beauveria bassiana, and metarrhizium anisopliae to insect cuticle was mediated by strong binding forces. the attachment was passive and nonspecific in that the conidia adhered readily to both host and nonhost cuticle preparations. the hydrophobicity of the conidial wall and the insect epicuticle appeared to mediate the adhesion process. detergents, solvents, and high-molecular-weight proteins known to neutralize hydrop ... | 1988 | 16347689 |
| aucula magnifica (schaus, 1904) (lepidoptera: noctuidae: agaristinae): morphology of egg and last instar larvae. | aiming to contribute to knowledge of the immature instars of neotropical lepidoptera, this study details the morphology of the egg and last instar larvae of aucula magnifica (schaus, 1904) (lepidoptera: noctuidae: agaristinae), emphasising the structures of the corium and the chaetotaxy. there is also a report of the occurrence of entomopathogenic action of nomuraea rileyi (farlow) samson fungi on the larva. | 2010 | 20549065 |
| [cloning and expression of the chitinase gene chit1 from entomopathogenic fungus nomuraea rileyi cq]. | in order to understand the role of the entomopathogenic fungal chitinase in invasion and pathogenic process, we cloned and expressed a chitinase gene from nomuraea rileyi cq strain, and detected chitinase activity in recombinant pichia pastori fermentation supernatant. | 2010 | 20560352 |
| sem study on the invasion of nomuraea rileyi (farlow) on silkworm, bombyx mori linn. causing green muscardine. | the mature conidia of nomuraea rileyi (farlow) germinate on the larval integument of bombyx mori within 24 h and penetrate the cuticle within 36 h after inoculation at 24.0 +/- 1.0 degrees c temperature and 80.0 +/- 5.0% relative humidity. the penetrating hyphae multiply by budding and septa formation in the hemocoel, and the larva succumbs to the infection 6-7 days post-treatment. the hyphal bodies elongate and become interwoven with other hyphae forming a mycelial complex across different tiss ... | 1997 | 16283452 |
| genotypic analysis of nomuraea rileyi collected from various noctuid hosts. | the genetic diversity of 79 nomuraea rileyi isolates from various lepidopteran hosts in asia, north america, and south america was evaluated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis. cluster analysis separated the n. rileyi isolates into two major groups and seven subgroups. the resulting dendrogram generally classified the n. rileyi isolates based on insect host and geographical region. the haplotypic diversity index of n. rileyi subpopulations from each location and host or ... | 2005 | 16253269 |
| cultivation of entomopathogenic fungi for the search of antibacterial compounds. | entomopathogenic fungi are a rich source of natural bioactive compounds. to establish cultivation conditions which facilitate the production of bioactive compounds and to select good genera among entomopathogenic fungi as the producer, 47 typical entomopathogenic fungi were tested for their ability to produce antibiotic activity. thirty-eight strains (81%) and 30 strains (64%) of these fungi produced either anti-bacillus compounds or anti-staphylococcus compounds, respectively, indicating that t ... | 2005 | 16244901 |
| chitinase gene of the dimorphic mycopathogen, nomuraea rileyi. | | 2004 | 14992861 |
| identification of virulent isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus nomuraea rileyi (f) samson for the management of helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera litura (identification of virulent isolates of n. rileyi). | eleven geographical isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus nomuraea rileyi (farlow) samson of helicoverpa armigera (hubner)/spodoptera litura (fabricius) origin were studied for efficacy against the two host insects. laboratory bioassays at a concentration of 2 x 10(8) conidia ml(-1) indicated that n. rileyi isolates of s. litura origin were better in terms of time taken for mycosis and mortality in both the test larvae: s. litura (77-80% mortality in 7 days) and h. armigera (79-85% in 8 days). ... | 2003 | 14682464 |
| cost-effective multiplication of the entomopathogenic fungus nomuraea rileyi (f) samson. | cost-effective and rapid multiplication of nomuraea rileyi is reported. the spore yields in semi-synthetic media were comparable or significantly higher to the standard medium. maltose and peptone, carbon and nitrogen sources could be effectively replaced with 2% barley extract and 1% soybean extract respectively. however, replacement of yeast extract with dry yeast resulted in lower spore yields. sporulation of the fungus multiplied on solid substrate was possible only when the bags used had a ... | 2001 | 11502062 |
| comparative analysis of the binding of antibodies prepared against the insect spodoptera exigua and against the mycopathogen nomuraea rileyi. | polyclonal antibodies were produced in mice against spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) larval hemolymph and hemocytes and against cell wall surfaces of hyphal bodies and hyphae of the entomopathogenic hyphomycete nomuraea rileyi. in addition to exhibiting strong activity against their original antigenic substrates, all of the antibodies cross-react extensively with other substrates. the hemolymph antibody binds to hemocytes and vice versa, and both antibodies cross-react to the insect fat body ba ... | 2000 | 10772323 |
| rapd analysis of nomuraea rileyi. | | 2000 | 10753601 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies against cell wall epitopes of the insect pathogenic fungus, nomuraea rileyi: differential binding to fungal surfaces and cross-reactivity with host hemocytes and basement membrane components. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were generated against epitopes on yeast-like hyphal bodies and hyphae of the entomopathogenic hyphomycete, nomuraea rileyi. two mabs (4c10, 2h4) bind to epitopes common to both hyphal bodies and hyphae, whereas mab 4e9 binds only to hyphal surfaces. 4c10 and 2h4 appear to be directed towards carbohydrate portions of cell surface mannoproteins, as evidenced by similarities in staining patterns between these mabs and concanavalin a on western blots of n. rileyi cell w ... | 1998 | 9548369 |
| hemagglutinin activity in the hemolymph of anticarsia gemmatalis larvae infected with the fungus nomuraea rileyi. | hemolymph samples from larvae of 3 lepidopteran species (anticarsia gemmatalis, trichoplusia ni and spodoptera frugiperda) were tested for hemagglutination activity. samples from a. gemmatalis larvae which had been injected 12-24 hrs previously with hyphal bodies of the entomopathogenic fungus nomuraea rileyi showed agglutination activity against human 0, rabbit and sheep erythrocytes. little or no activity was detected in samples from the other 2 larval species. low titers (approximately 1:2) w ... | 1985 | 3996705 |
| characteristics of a galactose-binding hemagglutinin (lectin) from hemolymph of spodoptera exigua larvae. | hemolymph from spodoptera exigua larvae agglutinates rabbit and human o erythrocytes. the agglutinin appears to be naturally occurring i.e., injury (by injection) or injection of larvae with fungal cells does not induce an increase in titer of hemolymph samples. hemagglutinin activity is destroyed by heat or edta, and galactosidic carbohydrates inhibit agglutination of both red blood cell types. the agglutinin was purified by affinity chromatography using an affi-gel ovalbumin column. binding to ... | 1986 | 3817244 |
| distribution of chymoelastases and trypsin-like enzymes in five species of entomopathogenic deuteromycetes. | nine isolates of the entomopathogenic deuteromycetes metarhizium anisopliae, beauveria bassiana, verticillium lecanii, nomuraea rileyi, and aschersonia aleyrodis produced basic (pi greater than 7.0) chymoelastases that possessed extended binding sites, comprising at least four or five subsites, with preference for hydrophobic residues at the primary binding site. most isolates also produced additional acidic enzymes with similar specificities against ester and amide substrates but which lacked a ... | 1987 | 3310895 |
| [method of biological control of triatominae, vectors of chagas disease, using entomopathogenic hyphomycetes. preliminary study]. | bioassays determined the pathogenic activity of 14 strains of 5 entomopathogenic hyphomycetous species (fungi imperfecti), beauveria bassiana, beauveria brongniartii, metarhizium anisopliae, nomuraea rileyi and paecilomyces fumosoroseus to rhodnius prolixus. treatments consisted of direct spraying with conidial titrated suspensions on first instar larvae. when tested at 3 x 10(5) conidia/cm2, only 2 strains, b. bassiana n. 297 and b. bassiana n. 326 killed 100% of larvae at 10 days post-exposure ... | 1987 | 3111731 |
| antigenic structures of blastospores of three entomopathogenic paecilomyces species and nomuraea rileyi. | | 1992 | 1541845 |
| use of a colorimetric system to detect enzymes expressed by germinating conidia of entomopathogenic fungi. | an apizym system, with 19 substrates, was used to detect enzymes expressed by germinating conidia of nomuraea rileyi (5 isolates), nomuraea atypicola, nomuraea anemonoides, beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae. similar enzyme profiles were obtained for two of the n. rileyi isolates (mississippi, ecuador) regardless of whether culture medium (sabouraud-maltose-yeast) or cuticle (from larvae of trichoplusia ni, heliothis zea or heliothis virescens) were used as substrates. centroid-cluste ... | 1992 | 1406899 |
| molecular phylogeny of asexual entomopathogenic fungi with special reference to beauveria bassiana and nomuraea rileyi. | the phylogenetic lineage, taxonomic affiliation and interrelationships of important asexual entomopathogenic fungal genera were studied using the sequences of partial regions of beta-tubulin and rrna genes. the species structures of beauveria bassiana and nomuraea rileyi were also investigated. a total of 147 fungal entries covering 94 species were analysed. phylogenetic analysis placed all the asexual entomopathogenic fungal species analysed, in the family clavicipitaceae of the order hypocreal ... | 2009 | 19631163 |
| protein profile of nomuraea rileyi spore isolated from infected silkworm. | nomuraea rileyi (n. rileyi) is the causative agent of the silkworm, bombyx mori, green muscardine which can cause severe worldwide economical loss in sericulture. little is known about n. rileyi at the protein level for this entomopathogenic parasite which belongs to the ascomycota. here, we employed proteomic-based approach to identify proteins of n. rileyi spores collected from the dead silkworm. in all, 252 proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de), and were subjec ... | 2009 | 19288155 |
| induction of apoptosis in sf21 cell line by conditioned medium of the entomopathogenic fungus, nomuraea rileyi, through sf-caspase-1 signaling pathway. | the apoptosis in sf-21 cell line can be induced by the conditioned medium (cm) of the entomopathogenic fungus, nomuraea rileyi, based on changes in morphology and formation of apoptotic bodies in cultured cells, and with the onset of dna fragmentation as shown by tunel staining and agarose electrophoresis. moreover, the induction of apoptosis in sf-21 cells was inhibited by adding the inhibitor of effector caspase, viz. z-devd-fmk, to the cm, indicating that sf-caspase-1 is involved in this apop ... | 2008 | 18395831 |
| selection of entomopathogenic fungi for aphid control. | twelve strains of entomopathogenic fungi such as lecanicillium lecanii, paecilomyces farinosus, beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae, cordyceps scarabaeicola, and nomuraea rileyi were screened for aphid control. at 25 degrees c and 75% relative humidity (rh), among tested entomopathogenic fungi, l. lecanii 41185 showed the highest virulent pathogenicity for both myzus persicae and aphis gossypii, and their control values were both nearly 100% 5 and 2 d after treatment, respectively. moreov ... | 2007 | 18215637 |
| [pathogenicity of several fungal species on spodoptera litura]. | the virulence test of five species of entomogenous fungi beauveria brongniartii, beauveria bassiana, paecilomyces fumosoroseus, metarhizium anisopliae and nomuraea rileyi to spodoptera litura larvae showed that b. brongniartii and n. rileyi had evident pathogenic effects on s. litura, with the lt50 value to s. litura 2nd instars being 2.95 and 4.10 days, and the corrected accumulative mortality of the instars being 100% and 95.2%, respectively. the virulence of b. brongniartii and n. rileyi to t ... | 2007 | 17615897 |
| geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase genes in entomopathogenic fungi. | based on comparative amino-acid sequence alignment of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (ggpp) synthase from filamentous fungi, degenerated oligonucleotide primers were designed for searching ggpp synthase gene(s) in entomopathogenic fungi. polymerase chain reaction with the designed primers amplified ggpp synthase homologues from five representative entomopathogenic fungi: metarhizium anisopliae, beauveria bassiana, verticillium lecanii, paecilomyces farinosus, and nomuraea rileyi. sequence comparison ... | 2010 | 19690851 |
| isolation of a bioactive substance from the silkworm (bombyx mori linnaeus) that accelerates the germination of the entomopathogenic fungus nomuraea rileyi (farlow) samson. | the conidium of the entomopathogenic fungus nomuraea rileyi has been found to germinate rapidly in the presence of host insect-derived extracts. thus the extract appears to contain an important factor involved in host recognition by n. rileyi. however, the substance responsible for such unique germination behavior has yet to be identified. hence we attempted to purify this substance. one thousand g of dried silkworm pupae was subjected to methanol extraction, followed by methanolysis, two differ ... | 2010 | 20208348 |
| characterization of a germination-accelerating factor from the silkworm (bombyx mori linnaeus) of entomopathogenic fungus nomuraea rileyi (farlow) samson. | the conidium of the entomopathogenic fungus, nomuraea rileyi, has been found to germinate rapidly in the presence of a host insect-derived extract. this extract therefore appears to contain an important factor involved in host recognition by n. rileyi, although the substance (germination-accelerating factor, gaf) responsible for such unique germination behavior has yet to be identified. our previous study was extended to the isolation of gaf from pupae of the silkworm, a host insect of n. rileyi ... | 2010 | 20530914 |
| characterization of an extracellular lipase from the biocontrol fungus, nomuraea rileyi mj, and its toxicity toward spodoptera litura. | an extracellular lipase from nomuraea rileyi mj was purified 23.9-fold with 1.69% yield by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by sephacryl s-100 hr column chromatography. by mass spectrometry and sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the molecular weight of the homogenous lipase was 81kda. the n-terminal sequence was determined as leuservalgluglnthrlysleuserlysleualatyrasnasp and it showed no homology to sequences of known lipases. the optimum ph and temperature for activity were 8.0 and ... | 2010 | 20600093 |
| potential of d-erythro-c14-sphingosine as an adjuvant for a fungal pesticide of nomuraea rileyi. | d-erythro-c(14)-sphingosin (c(14)-sph) was isolated as the germination accelerating factor in nomuraea rileyi in our previous study. this activity was expected to support fungal infection by reduction of the infection time between conidial adhesion and invasion into the insect. in this study, we estimated the effect of c(14)-sph with regard to the infection time. conidia activated by c(14)-sph shortened the time to about half, indicating the potential of c(14)-sph as an adjuvant for fungal pesti ... | 2011 | 21307581 |
| the effect of amino acids on the c(14)-sphingosine-triggered germination of nomuraea rileyi, and surface amino acids on spodoptera litura fabricius. | d-erythro-c(14)-sphingosine (c(14)-sph) accelerated the germination of nomuraea rileyi in a solution containing peptone, but activity declined to a large degree in water. this suggests the presence of a co-factor in c(14)-sph-triggered germination. since the main role of peptone is to supply nitrogen constituents, we examined the effects of various nitrogen constituents. it was found that ala and his were highly effective for c(14)-sph-triggered germination. | 2011 | 21512231 |
| nomuraea rileyi: a plausible fungi selectively controlling lepidopteron, paraponyx stratiotata l. damaging queen palm (livistona rotundifolia l.). | queen palm (livistona rotundifolia) is cultivated extensively for both local and foreign ornamental markets with the desired characteristics of even and ever green, pest and disease free healthy palm and quality leaves. the root borer, paraponyx stratiotata (lepidoptera) is recently encountered on young palm roots and damaging them within. they emerged as a new pest on l. rotundifolia grown in all the area. different entomopathogens were evaluated and determined the potential of nomuroea rileyi ... | 2010 | 21539246 |
| interactions of spodoptera littoralis haemocytes following injection with the entomopathogenic fungi: beauveria bassiana and nomuraea rileyi. | this study compared the cellular interactions of spodopteralittoralis haemocytes with two virulence-different entomopathogenic fungi: beauveriabassiana and nomuraearileyi. using light and transmission microscopy, five types of haemocytes namely, prohaemocytes (prs), plasmatocytes (pls), granulocytes (grs), spherule cells (sps) and oenocytoids (oes) were identified in the 6th instar larvae. prs and pls were found in the haemopoietic tissue. intra-haemocoelic injection of blastospores induced ultr ... | 2011 | 22435162 |
| entomogenous fungus nomuraea rileyi inhibits host insect molting by c22-oxidizing inactivation of hemolymph ecdysteroids. | the entomogenous fungus nomuraea rileyi reportedly secretes a proteinaceous substance inhibiting larval molt and metamorphosis in the silkworm bombyx mori. we studied the possibility that n. rileyi controls b. mori development by inactivating hemolymph molting hormone, ecdysteroids. incubation of ecdysone (e) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) in fungal-conditioned medium resulted in their rapid modification into products with longer retention times in reverse-phase hplc. each modified product from e ... | 2003 | 12489132 |