| experimental infection of prairie dogs with monkeypox virus. | studies of experimental infection of prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) with monkeypox virus are described. after intraperitoneal infection, all of the animals died within 11 days. virus was cultured from their blood and oropharynx several days before death; at necropsy, most of the organs tested contained monkeypox virus. marked hepatic and splenic necrosis were observed, along with mild inflammatory changes in the lungs. after intranasal (in) infection, the primary pathologic changes were in ... | 2005 | 15829191 |
| a prairie dog animal model of systemic orthopoxvirus disease using west african and congo basin strains of monkeypox virus. | multiple monkeypox virus (mpxv) animal models have been discussed in previous studies, but no small animal models, nor most non-human primate models, demonstrated the protracted asymptomatic incubation phase seen in systemic human orthopoxvirus illness. herein, we characterize a black-tailed prairie dog (pd) (cynomys ludovicianus) model of infection, via intranasal and intradermal exposures, with the two mpxv clades. daily observations of the animals were made (food consumption, general symptoms ... | 2009 | 19141441 |
| establishment of the black-tailed prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus) as a novel animal model for comparing smallpox vaccines administered pre-exposure in both high and low-dose monkeypox challenges. | the 2003 monkeypox virus (mpxv) outbreak and subsequent laboratory studies demonstrated that the black-tailed prairie dog was susceptible to mpxv infection and that the ensuing rash illness was similar to human systemic orthopoxvirus (opxv) infections - including a 7 to 9-day incubation period and likely, in some cases, a respiratory route of infection - which distinguishes this model from others. the need for safe and efficacious vaccines for both endemic and epidemic opvx disease is important ... | 2011 | 21632764 |
| Monkeypox disease transmission in an experimental setting: prairie dog animal model. | Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is considered the most significant human public health threat in the genus Orthopoxvirus since the eradication of variola virus (the causative agent of smallpox). MPXV is a zoonotic agent endemic to forested areas of Central and Western Africa. In 2003, MPXV caused an outbreak in the United States due to the importation of infected African rodents, and subsequent sequential infection of North American prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) and humans. In previous studies, the ... | 2011 | 22164263 |
| evaluation of monkeypox virus infection of black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) using in vivo bioluminescent imaging. | monkeypox (mpx) is a re-emerging zoonotic disease that is endemic in central and west africa, where it can cause a smallpox-like disease in humans. despite many epidemiologic and field investigations of mpx, no definitive reservoir species has been identified. using recombinant viruses expressing the firefly luciferase (luc) gene, we previously demonstrated the suitability of in vivo bioluminescent imaging (bli) to study the pathogenesis of mpx in animal models. here, we evaluated bli as a novel ... | 2014 | 24779460 |
| humoral immunity to smallpox vaccines and monkeypox virus challenge: proteomic assessment and clinical correlations. | despite the eradication of smallpox, orthopoxviruses (opv) remain public health concerns. efforts to develop new therapeutics and vaccines for smallpox continue through their evaluation in animal models despite limited understanding of the specific correlates of protective immunity. recent monkeypox virus challenge studies have established the black-tailed prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus) as a model of human systemic opv infections. in this study, we assess the induction of humoral immunity in ... | 2013 | 23135728 |
| host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals. | the majority of human emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, with viruses that originate in wild mammals of particular concern (for example, hiv, ebola and sars). understanding patterns of viral diversity in wildlife and determinants of successful cross-species transmission, or spillover, are therefore key goals for pandemic surveillance programs. however, few analytical tools exist to identify which host species are likely to harbour the next human virus, or which viruses can cross species ... | 2017 | 28636590 |
| characterization of monkeypox virus dissemination in the black-tailed prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus) through in vivo bioluminescent imaging. | monkeypox virus (mpxv) is a member of the genus orthopoxvirus, endemic in central and west africa. this viral zoonosis was introduced into the united states in 2003 via african rodents imported for the pet trade and caused 37 human cases, all linked to exposure to mpxv-infected black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus). prairie dogs have since become a useful model of mpxv disease, utilized for testing of potential medical countermeasures. in this study, we used recombinant mpxv containin ... | 2019 | 31557167 |
| analgesia during monkeypox virus experimental challenge studies in prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus). | because human patients with monkeypox virus (mpxv) infection report painful symptoms, it is reasonable to assume that animals infected with mpxv experience some degree of pain. understanding whether and how analgesics affect mpxv disease progression is crucial when planning in vivo challenge experiments. in the current study, we challenged prairie dogs with a low dose (4 ×10³ pfu) of mpxv and treated with meloxicam (nsaid) or buprenorphine (opioid); control animals did not receive analgesia or r ... | 2019 | 31142401 |