| complete genome sequence of a non-pathogenic strain of fowl adenovirus serotype 11: minimal genomic differences between pathogenic and non-pathogenic viruses. | in this study, we conducted the clinicopathological characterization of a non-pathogenic fadv-d serotype 11 strain mx95, isolated from healthy chickens, and its entire genome was sequenced. experiments in spf chickens revealed that the strain is a non-pathogenic virus that did not cause death at challenge doses of 1×10(6) tcid50. additionally, the infection in spf chickens caused no apparent damage in most of the organs analyzed by necropsy and histopathology, but it did cause inclusion body hep ... | 2017 | 27865971 |
| characterization of a hypervirulent fowl adenovirus 4 with the novel genotype newly prevalent in china and establishment of reproduction infection model of hydropericardium syndrome in chickens. | severe hydropericardium syndrome (hps) has been present in layers in the northeast of china since june 2015, with mortality rates varying from 30 to 90%. dead layers had severe hydropericardium with pericardial volumes of 5 to 20 ml, as well as inclusion body hepatitis. laboratory investigations led to the isolation of a fowl adenovirus strain, hljfad15, from the liver tissue of dead layers. natural deletions of orf19 and orf27 were found in this clinical strain by complete genome sequencing, wh ... | 2017 | 28339951 |
| development of dot enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay using recombinant hexon protein for detecting antibodies to hydropericardium syndrome disease virus. | dot enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (elisa) using recombinant hexon protein of fowl adenovirus 4 (fadv 4) was standardized to detect antibody levels against hydropericardium syndrome disease in chickens. results were compared with the dot-elisa using purified virus protein antigen of fadv 4. in an experimental vaccination of broiler chicken, the antibody levels by dot elisa with recombinant protein and purified virus protein antigen ranged from 2.240±0.09 log10 to 2.0±0.04 during 5th to 8th w ... | 2015 | 26954190 |
| fowl adenovirus-based vaccine platform. | nonpathogenic fowl adenoviruses (fadvs) are amenable for engineering multivalent vaccine platforms due to large stretches of nonessential dna sequences in their genomes. we describe the generation of fadv-9-based vaccine platforms by targeted homologous recombination in an infectious clone (ppacfadv-9 or wild type fadmid) containing the entire viral genome in a cosmid vector. the viral dna is subsequently released from the cosmid by restriction enzyme digestion followed by transfection in a chic ... | 2017 | 28374242 |
| characterization and functional studies of fowl adenovirus 9 dutpase. | deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate pyrophosphatase (dutpase), a ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of dutp to dump and found in many viruses, has yet to be identified in fowl adenovirus 9 (fadv-9). by a multiple alignment of dutpase amino acid sequences, fadv-9 orf1 contained the five conserved motifs that define the protein family, and encoded a functional dutpase. moreover, transcription and protein expression patterns were characterized, indicating that dutpase was transcribed from 2h ... | 2016 | 27498408 |
| oral inoculation of chickens with a candidate fowl adenovirus 9 vector. | fowl adenoviruses (fadvs) are a potential alternative to human adenovirus-based vaccine vectors. our previous studies demonstrated that a 2.4-kb region at the left end of the fadv-9 genome is nonessential for virus replication and is suitable for the insertion or replacement of transgenes. our in vivo study showed that the virus fadv-9δ4, lacking six open reading frames (orfs) at the left end of its genome, replicates less efficiently than wild-type fadv-9 (wtfadv-9) in chickens that were infect ... | 2013 | 23740924 |
| phylogenetic and geographic analysis of fowl adenovirus field strains isolated from poultry in poland. | fowl adenoviruses (fadvs) are widely distributed in chickens in poland and throughout the world. fadv infections have been reported in the united states, australia, europe, and the mediterranean basin. detection of fadvs strains is very important from the epidemiological point of view and for monitoring disease outbreaks and developing strategies for vaccine development. several molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic studies have been performed, but the results obtained are still limited, becau ... | 2016 | 26446890 |
| adenoviral gizzard erosion in broiler chickens in germany. | avian adenovirus infections cause important disease complexes in chickens, but many of the viruses also infect chickens without resulting in overt disease. previously several outbreaks of gizzard erosions caused by a fowl adenovirus a serotype-1 (fadv-1) were reported from japan. here we report an outbreak of gizzard erosions in 12 broiler flocks in germany in 2011. chickens had a reduced daily weight gain and a higher total mortality rate of up to 8%. the birds showed a severe detachment of the ... | 2013 | 23678748 |
| hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome emerged in cherry valley ducks in china. | since june 2015, a highly pathogenic disease occurred in duck flocks in china, causing pericardial effusion, enlarged discoloured liver, renal enlargement and haemorrhagic lung with a mortality ranging from 5% to 20%. previous study confirmed that fowl adenovirus group c (fadv-c) and some field fadvs isolates had been identified as causative agents of hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (hhs) in chickens and geese world widely. in this study, we firstly report the isolation of fadv-c from ducks ... | 2016 | 27041687 |
| design of a predicted mhc restricted short peptide immunodiagnostic and vaccine candidate for fowl adenovirus c in chicken infection. | fowl adenoviruses (fadvs) are the ethiologic agents of multiple pathologies in chicken. there are five different species of fadvs grouped as fadv-a, fadv-b, fadv-c, fadv-d, and fadv-e. it is of interest to develop immunodiagnostics and vaccine candidate for peruvian fadv-c in chicken infection using mhc restricted short peptide candidates. we sequenced the complete genome of one fadv strain isolated from a chicken of a local farm. a total of 44 protein coding genes were identified in each genome ... | 2015 | 26664030 |
| characterization of fowl adenoviruses isolated between 2007 and 2014 in china. | forty-three fowl adenovirus (fadv) strains were isolated in china from 2007 to 2014 from poultry and ostriches with inclusion body hepatitis (ibh) and hydropericardium syndrome (hps). phylogenetic analysis showed that 28/43 strains clustered into fowl aviadenovirus d (fadv-d) and 9/43 strains clustered into fadv-e. fadv-c included three isolates of ostrich origin, one of goose origin and two of chicken origin. based on hexon loop 1 gene sequencing analysis, these viruses were genetically related ... | 2016 | 27938684 |
| molecular characterisation of fowl adenovirus type 7 isolated from poultry associated with inclusion body hepatitis in poland. | the fowl adenovirus field strain fadv-jsn-5/10j (genbank accession number kp879219) was isolated from the intestine of a 7-week-old chicken diagnosed with inclusion body hepatitis and simultaneously with marek's disease, and for that reason, it was chosen for molecular study. it was identified as fowl adenovirus genotype 7 (species fowl aviadenovirus e) based on nucleotide sequence analysis of the loop l1 region of the hexon gene. nucleotide sequence alignment of this strain, fadv-7 reference st ... | 2017 | 28160143 |
| development, characterization and optimization of a new suspension chicken-induced pluripotent cell line for the production of newcastle disease vaccine. | traditionally, substrates for production of viral poultry vaccines have been embryonated eggs or adherent primary cell cultures. the difficulties and cost involved in scaling up these substrates in cases of increased demand have been a limitation for vaccine production. here, we assess the ability of a newly developed chicken-induced pluripotent cell line, ba3, to support replication and growth of newcastle disease virus (ndv) lasota vaccine strain. the characteristics and growth profile of the ... | 2016 | 26586283 |
| biology of fowl adenovirus type 1 infection of heterologous cells. | the jm1/1 strain of fowl adenovirus (fav) serotype 1 isolated from gizzard erosion was used to investigate the biology of fav in homologous (susceptible) and heterologous cells. the fav jm1/1 strain is capable of efficient multiplication in primary chicken kidney (ck) cells, but not in crandell-rees feline kidney (crfk) cells or vero cells. fav adsorption in heterologous cells was slightly higher than in ck cells. an early gene encoding a dna-binding protein and a late gene encoding the hexon pr ... | 2012 | 22814699 |
| isolation, identification, and hexon gene characterization of fowl adenoviruses from a contaminated live newcastle disease virus vaccine. | to investigate the possible causes of the massive spread of fowl adenovirus (fadv) infection among chickens in recent years in china, 32 batches of live-virus vaccines were tested for contamination with fadv by pcr. among these, 1 live newcastle disease virus (ndv) vaccine of the lasota strain was demonstrated to be positive for contamination. the amplified hexon gene exhibited 99.8% identity with a recent chinese field isolate (jsj13) of fadv-4. the positive lasota vaccine was first neutralized ... | 2016 | 27794542 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of virus-like particles and recombinant fiber proteins in broiler-breeder vaccination against fowl adenovirus (fadv)-8b. | inclusion body hepatitis (ibh) is an economically important diseases in broiler chicken industry. several serotypes of fowl adenovirus (fadv) can cause ibh, among them, serotype fadv-8b is associated with the majority of the ibh cases in canada. here, we evaluated fadv-8b virus-like particles (vlps) and recombinant fadv-8b fiber proteins (expressed in e. coli) as potential broiler-breeder vaccines against ibh. for assessing the immunogenicity of vaccines, we investigated both humoral and cellula ... | 2017 | 28396209 |
| molecular epidemiology of hydropericardium syndrome outbreak-associated serotype 4 fowl adenovirus isolates in central china. | in several parts of china, there have been a large number of hydropericardium syndrome (hps) outbreaks caused by serotype 4 fowl adenovirus (fadv-4) in broiler chickens since 2015. these outbreak-associated fadv-4 strains were distinct from previous circulating strains which did not lead to severe hps outbreaks. to better understand the molecular epidemiology of the currently circulating fadv strains for effective diagnosis and treatment of hps, we isolated 12 hps outbreak-associated fadv-4 stra ... | 2016 | 27863494 |
| fowl adenovirus species c serotype 4 is attributed to the emergence of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in chickens in china. | since july in 2015, an emerging infectious disease of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (hhs) was prevalent in chicken flocks in china. to confirm the causative agent and investigate the epidemiology of the disease, a total of 38 chicken flocks including 187 samples from jilin, liaoning, heilongjiang, henan, anhui, hubei, jiangxi, xinjiang, shandong and hunan provinces in china were collected and determined by pcr detection, sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and virus isolation. 81 samples (po ... | 2016 | 27615553 |
| hydropericardium syndrome outbreak caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 in china in 2015. | there have been many outbreaks of hydropericardium syndrome (hps), which is characterized by pericardial effusion and hepatitis, in chinese chicken farms since june 2015. hps was mainly found in miscellaneous meat-type chickens, ma chickens, layer chicks and three-yellow chickens, while it was occasionally found in white broilers. to determine the specific causative pathogen and pathogenicity of hps in chickens, we collected 25 suspected cases and performed clinical pathology and aetiology analy ... | 2016 | 27473862 |
| genome sequence of a fowl adenovirus serotype 4 strain lethal to chickens, isolated from china. | we report here the complete genome sequence of virulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 strain hb1510, isolated from a diseased chicken with hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome in hubei, china, in 2015. the viral genome is 43,721 bp long, and sequence analysis showed an 11-amino-acid deletion in open reading frame 29 (orf29). | 2016 | 27013040 |
| clinicopathological characterization and genomic sequence differences observed in a highly virulent fowl aviadenovirus serotype 4. | highly virulent fowl aviadenoviruses (genus: aviadenovirus) represent a significant risk in poultry farming that may contribute to increased mortality rates and may adversely affect the growth performance of poultry flocks. in this study, we performed the clinicopathological characterization of a fadv strain shp95 isolated from a commercial farm and its whole genome sequencing. the study revealed that the isolated strain is a highly virulent serotype 4 fadv that can cause 100% mortality in day-o ... | 2016 | 26610321 |
| molecular differentiation and pathogenicity of aviadenoviruses isolated during an outbreak of inclusion body hepatitis in south africa. | fowl adenovirus (fadv) is a member of the genus aviadenovirus and causes a number of economically important poultry diseases. one of these diseases, inclusion body hepatitis (ibh), has a worldwide distribution and is characterised by acute mortality (5% - 20%) in production chickens. the disease was first described in the united states of america in 1963 and has also been reported in canada, the united kingdom, australia, france and ireland, but until now, not in south africa. adenoviruses isola ... | 2014 | 25685902 |
| an inactivated oil-emulsion fowl adenovirus serotype 4 vaccine provides broad cross-protection against various serotypes of fowl adenovirus. | the number of clinical cases of inclusion body hepatitis (ibh) and hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (hhs) has been increasing, resulting in considerable economic losses in many countries. currently, only fowl adenovirus (fadv) serotype 4 (fadv-4) has been reported as the causative agent of hhs, whereas ibh can be caused by all 12 serotypes of fadv. for protection against hhs, various live and killed fadv serotype 4 vaccines have been developed. however, there is a concern whether these vaccin ... | 2014 | 24662704 |
| characterization of fowl adenoviruses associated with hydropericardium syndrome and inclusion body hepatitis in broiler chickens. | the present study was carried out for detection and molecular characterization of fowl adenoviruses (fadvs) associated with hydropericardium syndrome or inclusion body hepatitis in commercial broiler chickens. the fadvs were detected in liver samples from 33 commercial broiler chicken flocks by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using hexon gene specific primers. the restriction enzyme analysis using styi, bsiwi, mlui, aspi, bgli and scai enzymes of all the 33 fadv-positive samples revealed fadv-4 ... | 2014 | 24426318 |
| molecular typing of fowl adenoviruses, isolated in hungary recently, reveals high diversity. | molecular typing of 26 recent fowl adenovirus (fadv) isolates obtained in eastern hungary between 2006 and 2011 was performed. the viruses were isolated on primary chicken embryo liver cell cultures from carcasses of chickens, sent for diagnostic investigation. the isolates were subjected to a pcr to amplify a fragment from the hexon gene. sequence analysis of the amplicons revealed the presence of all the five fadv species in the country, among them fadv-b, which has been barely found in hungar ... | 2013 | 24139719 |
| fowl adenovirus (fadv) in india: evidence for emerging role as primary respiratory pathogen in chickens. | adenoviruses have been isolated from both clinically healthy and diseased birds worldwide. the pathogenic role of most of the fadvs is still questionable. they can quickly take on the role of opportunistic pathogens when additional factors, particularly concurrent infections, adversely affect the health of the avian host. immnosuppressing agents especially chicken infectious anemia and infectious bursal disease viruses are known to enhance the pathogenicity of fadvs upon coinfection. the aim of ... | 2012 | 24205761 |
| real-time pcr assay for universal detection and quantitation of all five species of fowl adenoviruses (fadv-a to fadv-e). | the present study describes the development of a sybr green based real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time pcr) for detection and quantitation of all fowl adenovirus (fadv) species. primers were designed based on conserved nucleotide sequences within the 52k gene. ten-fold serial dilutions of a vector dna were used as standard for quantitation. the real-time pcr had an efficiency of 98%, a regression squared value of 0.999 and showed a range of 6.73-6.73×10(8) copies of fadv dna per reacti ... | 2012 | 22561984 |
| development of a taqman-based real-time pcr assay for rapid and specific detection of fowl aviadenovirus serotype 4. | twelve serotypes of fowl aviadenovirus, namely, fadv-(1-8a and 8b-11), have been identified, among which fadv-4 is the aetiologic agent of hepatitis hydropericardium syndrome (hhs) in chickens. outbreaks of hhs have been documented in many countries, causing significant economic losses. real-time pcr methods described so far in the literature cross-detect different serotypes of fadvs. in this study, we aimed to develop a taqman-based real-time pcr assay for the specific detection of fadv-4. a pa ... | 2017 | 28437156 |
| a novel pathogenic aviadenovirus from red-bellied parrots (poicephalus rufiventris) unveils deep recombination events among avian host lineages. | competing roles of coevolution, selective pressure and recombination are an emerging interest in virus evolution. we report a novel aviadenovirus from captive red-bellied parrots (poicephalus rufiventris) that uncovers evidence of deep recombination among aviadenoviruses. the sequence identity of the virus was most closely related to turkey adenovirus d (42% similarity) and other adenoviruses in chickens, turkeys and pigeons. sequencing and comparative analysis showed that the genome comprised 4 ... | 2017 | 28063343 |
| overexpression and characterization of the 100k protein of fowl adenovirus-4 as an antiviral target. | 100k is an important scaffolding protein of adenoviruses including fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (fadv-4) that causes inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (ibh-hps) in poultry. 100k carries out the trimerization of the major capsid hexon protein of the virus for the generation of new virions inside the target host cells. despite its critical role for fadv-4, no structural study, in particular, has been conducted so far. here, the overexpression of soluble 100k protein was successfully ... | 2017 | 28666898 |
| development of sensitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for specific detection of antibodies against fowl adenovirus serotypes 1 and 4 in chickens. | conventional serological methods for detection and differentiation of antibodies against fowl aviadenoviruses (fadvs) are laborious and time-consuming, therefore elisas based upon recombinant proteins were developed in the present study to overcome this limitation for clinically relevant serotypes fadv-1 and fadv-4. in order to develop serotype-specific elisas, the two distinct fibers, fiber-1 (fib-1) and fiber-2 (fib-2), characteristically present only in fadv-1 and fadv-4, were applied separat ... | 2017 | 28849665 |
| epidemiological investigation of outbreaks of fowl adenovirus infections in commercial chickens in china. | one hundred and five fowl adenovirus (fadv) strains were isolated in china from 2015 to 2016 from poultry with inclusion body hepatitis (ibh) and hydropericardium syndrome (hps). polymerase chain reactions determined that 68 were fadv species c, five were fadv species d, two were fadv species e, and 30 contained two or more different fadv strains. a phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolated fadv strains clustered into three major groups: fadv-c, fadv-d and fadv-e. based on a hexon gene sequ ... | 2017 | 28804982 |
| an inactivated novel genotype fowl adenovirus 4 protects chickens against the hydropericardium syndrome that recently emerged in china. | since 2015, china has experienced outbreaks of severe hydropericardium syndrome (hps), associated with a novel genotype and hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (fadv-4) infection, with a prevalence in various provinces of the country. this has resulted in huge economic losses in the poultry industry. the novel fadv-4 showed new genome characters, such as the natural deletion of open reading frame (orf) 19 and orf 27 (1966 bp), and high pathogenicity toward chickens. these are coupled with s ... | 2017 | 28786949 |
| foreign gene expression and induction of antibody response by recombinant fowl adenovirus-9-based vectors with exogenous promoters. | fowl adenoviruses (fadvs) are promising vectors for poultry vaccines and gene therapy. the commonly used human cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter in recombinant fadv-9 viruses (recfadv-9s) leads to foreign gene expression that elicits an antibody response. despite its strength, studies have shown that the cmv promoter is prone to silencing by methylation hampering the in vivo application of vectors containing this promoter. therefore, to improve our virus vector system and circumvent potential limit ... | 2017 | 28780115 |
| cell-culture derived fowl adenovirus serotype 4 inactivated vaccine provides complete protection for virus infection on spf chickens. | inclusion body hepatitis and hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome caused by high-pathogenic fowl adenovirus serotype 4 has recently plagued chinese poultry industry and caused huge economic losses since 2013. so far, there is no commercial vaccine available to control this disease. in this study, we reported the development of both embryo-adapted and cell-culture derived inactivated fadv-4 vaccines and evaluated their efficacies in chicken. compared to embryo-adapted vaccine, cell-culture derived ... | 2017 | 28770244 |
| different dynamic distribution in chickens and ducks of the hypervirulent, novel genotype fowl adenovirus serotype 4 recently emerged in china. | a hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (fadv-4) has caused hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (hhs) with mortalities that range from 30 to 80% in outbreaks across china since 2015. the fadv-4 strain was characterized as a novel genotype based on the specific genome characteristics. however, our understanding of the dynamic distribution, tissue tropism, and pathogenesis of the novel fadv-4 is incomplete. in this study, a new, sensitive and fadv-4-specific real-time pcr was developed and appl ... | 2017 | 28634474 |
| the first whole genome sequence and pathogenicity characterization of a fowl adenovirus 4 isolated from ducks associated with inclusion body hepatitis and hydropericardium syndrome. | in june 2015, an infectious disease with high prevalence causing severe hydropericardium syndrome (hps) first appeared in duck farms of northeast china. the disease showed high morbidity of 35% and mortality of 15% in a commercial duck farm with 200,000 45-day-old ducks. one strain of hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 was identified and designated as hljdad15. the whole genome of the duck isolate was sequenced and found to contain the same large deletions as a genotype that has become pre ... | 2017 | 28622015 |
| fowl adenovirus serotype 4: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic detection, and vaccine strategies. | fowl adenovirus (fadv) serotype-4 is highly pathogenic for chickens, especially for broilers aged 3 to 5 wk, and it has emerged as one of the foremost causes of economic losses to the poultry industry in the last 30 years. the liver is a major target organ of fadv-4 infections, and virus-infected chickens usually show symptoms of hydropericardium syndrome. the virus is very contagious, and it is spread both vertically and horizontally. it can be isolated from infected liver homogenates and detec ... | 2017 | 28498980 |
| fowl adenovirus: history, emergence, biology and development of a vaccine against hydropericardium syndrome. | the poultry industry has emerged as one of the largest and fastest growing public sectors in the developed and developing countries. unfortunately, this industry is under a major threat from diseases that are viral (newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease, influenza, hydropericardium syndrome), bacterial (colibacillosis, pasteurellosis, salmonellosis, mycoplasmosis), parasitic (coccidiosis, histoplasmosis) or nutritional (dyschondroplasia, osteoporosis). among these diseases, hydropericardi ... | 2017 | 28283816 |
| molecular analysis of the hexon, penton base, and fiber-2 genes of korean fowl adenovirus serotype 4 isolates from hydropericardium syndrome-affected chickens. | fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (fadv-4) is the causative agent of hydropericardium syndrome (hps), a highly pathogenic disease in poultry. in the present study, hexon, penton base, and fiber-2 genes encoding major capsid proteins were analyzed in four fadv-4 isolates from hps-affected chickens in korea. nucleotide sequences of the entire hexon (2811 bases), penton base (1578 bases), and fiber-2 (1425 bases) genes from the korean isolates were 97.5-99.3, 99.1-99.7, and 95.5-99.0 % identical, respecti ... | 2017 | 27683170 |
| pathogenicity and complete genome characterization of fowl adenoviruses isolated from chickens associated with inclusion body hepatitis and hydropericardium syndrome in china. | in this study, we determined and genetically characterized three fowl adenoviruses isolated from chickens with inclusion body hepatitis (ibh) and hydropericardium syndrome (hps) in china and assessed their pathogenicity. the full genome of hbq12, bjh13 and jsj13 was found to be 44,081, 43,966 and 43,756 nucleotides long, respectively. sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain hbq12 and bjh13 were clustered together belonging to fowl adenoviruses d species and serotyped as ... | 2015 | 26167857 |
| clinical signs and progression of lesions in the gizzard are not influenced by inclusion of ground oats or whole wheat in the diet following experimental infection with pathogenic fowl adenovirus serotype 1. | in the present study the effects of dietary gizzard stimulation on the development and severity of adenoviral gizzard erosion were investigated. for this purpose, specific pathogen-free broilers were divided into six groups, investigating the influence of an oat-containing diet with higher fibre content, a whole wheat-containing diet and a control diet of nearly identical composition, but containing ground wheat. for each feed administered, one group of birds was experimentally infected on the 1 ... | 2015 | 25768948 |
| recombinant fadv-4 fiber-2 protein protects chickens against hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (hhs). | virulent fowl adenovirus (fadv) serotype 4 strains are the etiological agents of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (hhs), a highly infectious disease in chickens with severe economic impact. in the present study, three different fadv-4 derived capsid proteins, fiber-1, fiber-2, and hexon loop-1, were expressed in a baculovirus system and tested for their capacity to induce protection in chickens. purified recombinant proteins were administered to day-old specific pathogen-free (spf) chickens a ... | 2014 | 24397897 |
| pathogenicity and cytokine gene expression pattern of a serotype 4 fowl adenovirus isolate. | hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (hhs), a recently emerged disease of chickens, is caused by some strains of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (fadv-4). in this study, a canadian fadv-4 isolate, designated as fadv-4 on1, was evaluated for pathogenicity after oral and intramuscular (im) infection of specific pathogen free (spf) chickens. pathogenicity was evaluated by observation of clinical signs and gross and histological lesions. the highest viral dna copy numbers, irrespective of the inoculation ... | 2013 | 24204888 |
| regulation of t lymphocyte subpopulations in specific pathogen-free chickens following experimental fowl adenovirus-ⅷviii infection. | two-day-old specific pathogen-free (spf) chickens were divided into two groups. group i was inoculated orally with fowl adenovirus ⅷ (fav-ⅷ). group ii served as a negative control. chickens were investigated at various days post-inoculation (dpi) by flow cytometric analysis for changes in t lymphocyte subpopulations in immune system and blood. in the thymus, cd3(+)t lymphocytes were increased at 25 dpi, with significant increases in the fav infected noted at 1, 12, 20dpi (p<0.05). this was accom ... | 2012 | 24031954 |
| detection of antibodies specific to the non-structural proteins of fowl adenoviruses in infected chickens but not in vaccinated chickens. | antibodies specific to the non-structural proteins of viruses are detected in virus-infected animals and show promise as a reliable diagnostic marker for virus infections. we examined the potential use of two non-structural proteins of fowl adenovirus (fadv)-based, 100k and 33k, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) in the diagnosis of fadvs. we cloned and expressed the 100k and 33k non-structural protein genes of the fadvs in the pgex-4t-1 plasmid vector. purified 100k and 33k proteins al ... | 2013 | 24024561 |
| cytokine patterns associated with a serotype 8 fowl adenovirus infection. | this study examined cytokine gene expression patterns associated with fowl adenovirus (fadv) infection. the selected cytokine mrna was quantified by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-pcr in spleen, liver, and cecal tonsil during the course of infection of chickens with a serotype 8 fadv (fadv-8). compared to uninfected chickens, infected birds had higher mrna expression of interleukin (il)-18 and il-10 in spleen and liver, respectively. interferon gamma (ifn-γ) mrna expressed in splee ... | 2013 | 23537431 |
| vertical transmission and clinical signs in broiler breeders and broilers experiencing adenoviral gizzard erosion. | the present report documents an outbreak of adenoviral gizzard erosion in 22 broiler flocks in germany. the clinical picture was characterized by uneven growth of affected broilers that resulted in considerably lower than average weight at slaughtering. fowl adenovirus serotype 1 (fadv-1) was isolated from gizzard lesions and histological examinations demonstrated fadv-1-positive intranuclear inclusion bodies in gizzard epithelial cells of affected broilers by in-situ hybridization. birds from a ... | 2012 | 23237373 |
| outbreak of gizzard erosion associated with fowl adenovirus infection in korea. | the pathogenicity of a fowl adenovirus serotype-1 (fadv-1, k181 strain) isolated from a case of gizzard erosion in layer chickens was investigated in specific-pathogen-free (spf) chicks. one-week-old spf chicks were inoculated orally or intramuscularly with the isolate of fadv-1 and euthanized for necropsy at 7, 14, and 21 d postinoculation. although there were no clinical signs after inoculation, gizzard erosions were observed grossly and the virus was recovered from the gizzards in the inocula ... | 2012 | 22499868 |