| avian influenza virus screening in wild waterfowl in norway, 2005. | the prevalence of influenza a virus infection, and the distribution of different subtypes of the virus, were studied in 604 geese and ducks shot during ordinary hunting 2005. the study was based upon molecular screening of cloacal swabs taken by the hunters. the sampling included the following species: greylag (anser anser), mallard (anas platyrhynchos), wigeon (anas penelope), teal (anas crecca), goosander (mergus merganser), tufted duck (aythya fuligula), common scoter (melanitta nigra), golde ... | 2007 | 17494599 |
| pathological and immunohistochemical findings of natural highly pathogenic avian influenza infection in tufted ducks during 2010-2011 outbreaks in japan. | in the winter of 2010-2011, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) infection occurred in wild and domestic birds in japan. tufted ducks were found dead in an urban area of toyota city, koriyama, fukushima prefecture. two tufted ducks were examined histopathologically, immunohistochemically and molecularly. gross findings included marked dark-red clotted blood in the pectoral muscles and multifocal hemorrhages on the serous membranes. microscopically, non-suppurative menin ... | 2014 | 24881650 |
| quantitative analysis of the yield of avian h7 influenza virus haemagglutinin protein produced in silkworm pupae with the use of the codon-optimized dna: a possible oral vaccine. | in this study, we aimed to quantitatively compare the increased production of three h7 influenza virus-like particle (vlp) haemagglutinin (ha) with the use of a codon-optimized single ha gene in silkworm pupae. recombinant baculovirus (korea h7-bmnpv) could produce 0.40 million ha units per pupa, corresponding to 1832μg protein. the yield of the ha produced in larva was estimated to be approximately 0.31 million ha units per larva, and there were no significant differences between the three ha p ... | 2017 | 28065477 |
| prevalence and subtypes of influenza a viruses in wild waterfowl in norway 2006-2007. | the prevalence of influenza a virus infection, and the distribution of different subtypes of the virus, were studied in 1529 ducks and 1213 gulls shot during ordinary hunting from august to december in two consecutive years, 2006 and 2007, in norway. the study was based on molecular screening of cloacal and tracheal swabs, using a pan-influenza a rt-pcr. samples found to be positive for influenza a virus were screened for the h5 subtype, using a h5 specific rt-pcr, and, if negative, further subt ... | 2010 | 20426812 |
| [surveillance of wild birds for avian influenza a virus (aiv) in bavaria in the years 2007 and 2008]. | a monitoring programme has been initiated in bavaria to continuously control wild birds for the presence of avian influenza a virus (aiv) and to monitor the possible occurrence and accumulation of notifiable aiv subtypes as an early-warning system. in addition information about the regional, seasonal and species-specific distribution of aiv could be obtained. between july 2007 and december 2008 samples from 5864 wild birds of twelve different zoological orders had been collected (cloacal- and tr ... | 2009 | 19999383 |
| wild ducks as long-distance vectors of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (h5n1). | wild birds have been implicated in the expansion of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (h5n1) outbreaks across asia, the middle east, europe, and africa (in addition to traditional transmission by infected poultry, contaminated equipment, and people). such a role would require wild birds to excrete virus in the absence of debilitating disease. by experimentally infecting wild ducks, we found that tufted ducks, eurasian pochards, and mallards excreted significantly more virus than common tea ... | 2008 | 18394278 |
| isolation of an hswl nav4 influenza virus from a tufted duck (aythya fuligula) in japan. | a hemagglutinating agent was isolated from a tufted duck captured in lake shinji, shimane prefecture, japan, and identified as influenza a by double immunodiffusion tests with the antiserum to influenza a virus ribonucleoprotein. the hemagglutinin in the isolate was antigenically related to that of a/new jersey/8/76 but was not identical with it. the neuraminidase antigen of this hswl subtype was closely related to that of a/turkey/ontario/6118/68 and was shown to be nav4 subtype. after experime ... | 1981 | 6270508 |
| pathogenicity for chickens of avian influenza viruses isolated from whistling swans and a black-tailed gull in japan. | we isolated 24 hav1 neq1 and 18 hav6 nav3 influenza viruses from such free-living wild waterfowl as whistling swans, black-tailed gulls, and tufted ducks in western japan in 1980. two hav1 neq1 viruses isolated from a whistling swan and a black-tailed gull and a hav6 nav3 virus from a whistling swan were examined for their pathogenicity for chickens. five-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were inoculated with the viruses intratracheally or intraperitoneally. virus was recovered successful ... | 1982 | 6213223 |
| breeding site fidelity and winter admixture in a long-distance migrant, the tufted duck (aythya fuligula). | long-distance migrants are, by definition, highly mobile but it is poorly understood if this leads to high rates of gene flow and an essentially panmictic global population structure. genetic divergence in migratory species could be promoted, for example, by fidelity to distinct migratory pathways. in this study, we investigate the population genetic structure of tufted duck (aythya fuligula), a long-distance migrant with a largely continuous breeding distribution across eurasia. distinct, longi ... | 2012 | 22549516 |
| pathogenicity and tissue tropism of currently circulating highly pathogenic avian influenza a virus (h5n1; clade 2.3.2) in tufted ducks (aythya fuligula). | reports describing the isolation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus (h5n1) clade 2.3.2 in feces from apparently healthy wild birds and the seemingly lower pathogenicity of this clade compared to clade 2.2 in several experimentally infected species, caused concern that the new clade might be maintained in the wild bird population. to investigate whether the pathogenicity of a clade 2.3.2 virus was lower than that of clades previously occurring in free-living wild birds in europe, f ... | 2015 | 26441012 |
| alternative scan-based approaches to identify space-time clusters of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus h5n1 in wild birds in denmark and sweden in 2006. | the objective of this study was to demonstrate the effects of the nature of the information collected through passive surveillance on the detection of space-time clusters of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) h5n1 cases reported among dead wild birds in denmark and sweden in 2006. data included 1469 records (109 cases, 1360 controls) collected during the regional epidemic between february and june by passive surveillance of dead wild birds. laboratory diagnoses were obtained by pcr ... | 2012 | 23402133 |
| visualization and analysis of the danish 2006 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus h5n1 wild bird surveillance data by a prototype avian influenza bioportal. | infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus h5n1 occurred for the first time in denmark in 2006 during the last part of the european epidemic that mainly affected migrating wild birds. the total number of danish wild bird cases was 45, of which only one was found through active surveillance using fecal sampling from resting areas for migrating species, whereas passive surveillance of dead wild birds provided 44 cases. one backyard, mixed poultry flock also became infected late in the ... | 2010 | 20521674 |
| phylogenetic analyses of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus isolates from germany in 2006 and 2007 suggest at least three separate introductions of h5n1 virus. | in spring 2006, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) of subtype h5n1 was detected in germany in 343 dead wild birds, as well as in a black swan (cygnus atratus) kept in a zoo, three stray cats, one stone marten (martes foina), and in a single turkey farm. in 2007 (june-july) the virus reoccurred in 96 wild birds at six geographically separate locations in the southeast of germany. in addition, a backyard mixed duck and goose holding was affected. real-time rt-pcr [hoffmann, b., harder ... | 2008 | 18031958 |
| isolation of influenza a viruses from migratory waterfowls in san-in district, western japan in 1979-1980. | from december, 1979 to april, 1980, winter migratory waterfowls of some species staying in san-in district, western japan were surveyed for influenza virus. a total of 27 influenza a viruses, 11 hav1 neq1 and 16 hav6 nav3, were isolated from 90 fecal specimens of whistling swans. a total of 13 influenza a viruses, 11 hav1 neq1 and one hav6 nav3, were isolated from 245 fecal samples of black-tailed gulls. two viruses (hav1 neq1) were isolated from 40 tufted ducks. sampling date, incidence and the ... | 1981 | 7324612 |
| intracerebral pathogenicity for chickens of avian influenza viruses isolated from free-living waterfowl in japan. | the pathogenicity for chickens of 91 strains of avian influenza a virus isolated from such free-living waterfowl as whistling swan, pintail, tufted duck, mallard and black-tailed gull in japan was tested. the majority of the virus strains infected and were pathogenic for the chickens. the virulence of these viruses seemed not to be as high as that of fowl plague virus. there were no significant differences in the intracerebral index score among the viruses belonging to the same subtype, irrespec ... | 1988 | 3232319 |