| contact with domestic dogs increases pathogen exposure in endangered african wild dogs (lycaon pictus). | infectious diseases have contributed to the decline and local extinction of several wildlife species, including african wild dogs (lycaon pictus). mitigating such disease threats is challenging, partly because uncertainty about disease dynamics makes it difficult to identify the best management approaches. serious impacts on susceptible populations most frequently occur when generalist pathogens are maintained within populations of abundant (often domestic) "reservoir" hosts, and spill over into ... | 2012 | 22238695 |
| regular exposure to rabies virus and lack of symptomatic disease in serengeti spotted hyenas. | we report a previously unrecognized complexity to the ecology of rabies in wildlife. rabies-specific virus-neutralizing antibodies in spotted hyenas, the most numerous large carnivore in the serengeti ecosystem (tanzania, east africa), revealed a high frequency of exposure of 37.0% to rabies virus, and reverse transcriptase (rt) pcr demonstrated rabies rna in 13.0% of hyenas. despite this high frequency, exposure neither caused symptomatic rabies nor decreased survival among members of hyena soc ... | 2001 | 11742089 |
| rabies in african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in the madikwe game reserve, south africa. | | 2000 | 10678814 |
| seroconversion in captive african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) following administration of a chicken head bait/sag-2 oral rabies vaccine combination. | this study determined the proportion of captive juvenile and adult african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) that developed protective titres of rabies neutralising antibodies following ingestion of a chicken head bait/sag-2 oral rabies vaccine combination. a single chicken head containing 1.8 ml of sag-2 vaccine (10(8.0) tcid50/ml) in a plastic blister was fed to each of eight adult and three juvenile wild dogs. bait ingestion resulted in a significant rise in serum neutralising antibody titres. overal ... | 2003 | 12825684 |
| rabies among african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in the masai mara, kenya. | a pack of african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) ranging to the north of the masai mara national reserve in southwestern kenya was monitored from 1988 to 1989. during a 6-week period (august 1-september 13, 1989), 21 of 23 members of this pack died. seven carcasses were retrieved, of which 4 were suitable for necropsy and histopathologic examination. gross findings varied among individuals and included multiple bite wounds, synovitis, lymphadenopathy, submandibular, cervical, and vocal cord edema, bl ... | 1996 | 8953525 |
| rabies, canine distemper, and canine parvovirus exposure in large carnivore communities from two zambian ecosystems. | disease transmission within and among wild and domestic carnivores can have significant impacts on populations, particularly for threatened and endangered species. we used serology to evaluate potential exposure to rabies virus, canine distemper virus (cdv), and canine parvovirus (cpv) for populations of african lions (panthera leo), african wild dogs (lycaon pictus), and spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) in zambia's south luangwa national park (slnp) and liuwa plain national park (lpnp) as well ... | 2013 | 23805791 |
| sarcocystis-like organisms in musculature of a domestic dog (canis familiaris) and wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in kenya. | three of six wild dogs (lycaon pictus) which died of rabies, and one alsatian dog which died of adenocarcinoma, were found to harbour sarcocysts in their cardiac and/or skeletal muscles. the bradyzoites and metrocytes of the cysts were smaller than those seen in a lion infected with microbesnoitia leoni and the common sarcocystis spp. found in ruminants. it is proposed that lycaon pictus is the natural intermediate host of the unidentified sarcocystis-like species. | 1993 | 8249244 |
| seroepidemiological survey of sympatric domestic and wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in tsumkwe district, north-eastern namibia. | disease is a potential threat to many endangered populations and may originate from sympatric domestic species. this paper describes a cross-sectional serological survey of canine pathogens carried out in domestic (n = 70) and wild dogs (lycoan pictus) (n = 6), in tsumkwe district, northeastern namibia. evidence of past exposure to canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus and parainfluenza virus was evident in both wild and domestic dogs with this, the first, documented exposure of free-living ... | 1997 | 9551484 |
| rabies in african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in the serengeti region, tanzania. | rabies was confirmed as the cause of death of one african wild dog (lycaon pictus) in the serengeti region, tanzania. one adult african wild dog in the same pack showed central nervous signs consistent with rabies infection. inactivated rabies vaccine was administered intramuscularly to african wild dogs in two packs, by dart or by hand following anesthesia. these individuals comprised all known adults in the serengeti national park. in a limited study of seroprevalence of rabies antibody carrie ... | 1993 | 8355341 |
| fatal canine distemper infection in a pack of african wild dogs in the serengeti ecosystem, tanzania. | in 2007, disease related mortality occurred in one african wild dog (lycaon pictus) pack close to the north-eastern boundary of the serengeti national park, tanzania. histopathological examination of tissues from six animals revealed that the main pathologic changes comprised interstitial pneumonia and suppurative to necrotizing bronchopneumonia. respiratory epithelial cells contained numerous eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies and multiple syncytial cells were found throughout the p ... | 2010 | 20684868 |
| emergence of lyssaviruses in the old world: the case of africa. | rabies has a long history of occurrence throughout africa, spanning hundreds of years. at least four distinct lyssavirus species persist throughout the continent, among carnivores, bats and other mammals. rabies virus is the most cosmopolitan member, with primary reservoirs within dogs and mongoose, but other wildlife vectors are important in viral maintenance, such as jackals. besides a prominent toll on humans and domestic animals, the disease has an underappreciated role in conservation biolo ... | 2007 | 17848065 |
| african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) endangered by a canine distemper epizootic among domestic dogs near the masai mara national reserve, kenya. | a longitudinal study of canine distemper (cd) among domestic dogs on malsai communal land to the north of the masai mara national reserve in kenya was conducted from 1989 to 1991. prevalence of antibodies to cd was very low among domestic dogs in 1989 and 1990 (4%, n = 49; and 1%, n = 119, respectively) and no african wild dogs (lycaon pictus; n = 16) collected simultaneously from the same area had detectable antibodies. among 51 domestic dogs sampled in 1991, however, prevalence of cd antibodie ... | 1994 | 7760475 |
| recovery of sarcocystis oocysts from a free-ranging wild dog (lycaon pictus) | | 1998 | 9760395 |
| single- versus double-dose rabies vaccination in captive african wild dogs (lycaon pictus). | the immune responses of 35 captive african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) to an inactivated rabies virus vaccine were evaluated. seventeen animals received one 1-ml dose of inactivated rabies vaccine administered intramuscularly, while 18 received two 1-ml doses given simultaneously but at different injection sites. sera were collected from all animals prior to vaccination and intermittently from a subset of animals between 3 and 49 mo postvaccination. rabies neutralizing serum antibody titers were m ... | 2015 | 26667524 |
| aspects of rabies infection and control in the conservation of the african wild dog (lycaon pictus) in the serengeti region, tanzania. | lycaon pictus is amongst the most endangered wildlife species in africa. in 1990 rabies virus was isolated from the brain of an adult lycaon found dead in the serengeti region of tanzania. one adult and six pups of the same pack feeding on the carcass showed clinical signs and rabies was suspected; within two days they had disappeared and are presumed to have died. subsequently, two lycaon packs in the serengeti national park were given inactivated rabies vaccine either by dart or by parenteral ... | 1993 | 7777330 |
| host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals. | the majority of human emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, with viruses that originate in wild mammals of particular concern (for example, hiv, ebola and sars). understanding patterns of viral diversity in wildlife and determinants of successful cross-species transmission, or spillover, are therefore key goals for pandemic surveillance programs. however, few analytical tools exist to identify which host species are likely to harbour the next human virus, or which viruses can cross species ... | 2017 | 28636590 |
| exploring reservoir dynamics: a case study of rabies in the serengeti ecosystem. | knowledge of infection reservoir dynamics is critical for effective disease control, but identifying reservoirs of multi-host pathogens is challenging. here, we synthesize several lines of evidence to investigate rabies reservoirs in complex carnivore communities of the serengeti ecological region in northwest tanzania, where the disease has been confirmed in 12 carnivore species.long-term monitoring data suggest that rabies persists in high-density domestic dog canis familiaris populations (> 1 ... | 2008 | 22427710 |
| rabies virus and canine distemper virus in wild and domestic carnivores in northern kenya: are domestic dogs the reservoir? | rabies virus (rv) and canine distemper virus (cdv) can cause significant mortality in wild carnivore populations, and rv threatens human lives. we investigated serological patterns of exposure to cdv and rv in domestic dogs (canis familiaris), african wild dogs (lycaon pictus), black-backed jackals (canis mesomelas), spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta), striped hyenas (hyaena hyaena) and african lions (panthera leo), over a 10-year period, in a kenyan rangeland to assess the role domestic dogs may ... | 2012 | 23459924 |
| global mammal parasite database version 2.0. | illuminating the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of parasites is one of the most pressing issues facing modern science, and is critical for basic science, the global economy, and human health. extremely important to this effort are data on the disease-causing organisms of wild animal hosts (including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, helminths, arthropods, and fungi). here we present an updated version of the global mammal parasite database, a database of the parasites of wild ungulates (artioda ... | 2017 | 28273333 |