| occupational exposure to dromedaries and risk for mers-cov infection, qatar, 2013-2014. | we determined the presence of neutralizing antibodies to middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in persons in qatar with and without dromedary contact. antibodies were only detected in those with contact, suggesting dromedary exposure as a risk factor for infection. findings also showed evidence for substantial underestimation of the infection in populations at risk in qatar. | 2015 | 26196891 |
| replication and shedding of mers-cov in upper respiratory tract of inoculated dromedary camels. | in 2012, a novel coronavirus associated with severe respiratory disease in humans emerged in the middle east. epidemiologic investigations identified dromedary camels as the likely source of zoonotic transmission of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). here we provide experimental support for camels as a reservoir for mers-cov. we inoculated 3 adult camels with a human isolate of mers-cov and a transient, primarily upper respiratory tract infection developed in each of the 3 ... | 0 | 25418529 |
| identification of human neutralizing antibodies against mers-cov and their role in virus adaptive evolution. | the newly emerging middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) causes a severe acute respiratory syndrome-like disease with ∼43% mortality. given the recent detection of virus in dromedary camels, zoonotic transfer of mers-cov to humans is suspected. in addition, little is known about the role of human neutralizing ab (nab) pressure as a driving force in mers-cov adaptive evolution. here, we used a well-characterized nonimmune human ab-phage library and a panning strategy with proteo ... | 2014 | 24778221 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: transmission, virology and therapeutic targeting to aid in outbreak control. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) causes high fever, cough, acute respiratory tract infection and multiorgan dysfunction that may eventually lead to the death of the infected individuals. mers-cov is thought to be transmitted to humans through dromedary camels. the occurrence of the virus was first reported in the middle east and it subsequently spread to several parts of the world. since 2012, about 1368 infections, including ~487 deaths, have been reported worldwide. nota ... | 2015 | 26315600 |
| isolation and characterization of dromedary camel coronavirus uae-hku23 from dromedaries of the middle east: minimal serological cross-reactivity between mers coronavirus and dromedary camel coronavirus uae-hku23. | recently, we reported the discovery of a dromedary camel coronavirus uae-hku23 (dccov uae-hku23) from dromedaries in the middle east. in this study, dccov uae-hku23 was successfully isolated in two of the 14 dromedary fecal samples using hrt-18g cells, with cytopathic effects observed five days after inoculation. northern blot analysis revealed at least seven distinct rna species, corresponding to predicted subgenomic mrnas and confirming the core sequence of transcription regulatory sequence mo ... | 2016 | 27164099 |
| co-circulation of three camel coronavirus species and recombination of mers-covs in saudi arabia. | outbreaks of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) raise questions about the prevalence and evolution of the mers coronavirus (cov) in its animal reservoir. our surveillance in saudi arabia in 2014 and 2015 showed that viruses of the mers-cov species and a human cov 229e-related lineage co-circulated at high prevalence, with frequent co-infections in the upper respiratory tract of dromedary camels. viruses of the betacoronavirus 1 species, we found that dromedary camels share three cov species ... | 2016 | 26678874 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) coronavirus seroprevalence in domestic livestock in saudi arabia, 2010 to 2013. | in saudi arabia, including regions of riyadh and al ahsa, pseudoparticle neutralisation (ppnt) and microneutralisation (mnt) tests detected no antibodies to middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in sheep (n= 100), goats (n= 45), cattle (n= 50) and chickens (n= 240). dromedary camels however, had a high prevalence of mers-cov antibodies. bovine coronavirus (bcov) infected sera from cattle had no cross-reactivity in mers-cov ppnt or mnt, while many dromedary camels’ sera reacted ... | 2013 | 24342517 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus neutralising serum antibodies in dromedary camels: a comparative serological study. | a new betacoronavirus-middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov)-has been identified in patients with severe acute respiratory infection. although related viruses infect bats, molecular clock analyses have been unable to identify direct ancestors of mers-cov. anecdotal exposure histories suggest that patients had been in contact with dromedary camels or goats. we investigated possible animal reservoirs of mers-cov by assessing specific serum antibodies in livestock. | 2013 | 23933067 |
| an orthopoxvirus-based vaccine reduces virus excretion after mers-cov infection in dromedary camels. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infections have led to an ongoing outbreak in humans, which was fueled by multiple zoonotic mers-cov introductions from dromedary camels. in addition to the implementation of hygiene measures to limit further camel-to-human and human-to-human transmissions, vaccine-mediated reduction of mers-cov spread from the animal reservoir may be envisaged. here we show that a modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) vaccine expressing the mers-cov spike p ... | 2016 | 26678878 |
| a novel dromedary camel enterovirus in the family picornaviridae from dromedaries in the middle east. | the recent emergence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus from the middle east and the discovery of the virus from dromedary camels have boosted interest in the search for novel viruses in dromedaries. whilst picornaviruses are known to infect various animals, their existence in dromedaries was unknown. we describe the discovery of a novel picornavirus, dromedary camel enterovirus (dcev), from dromedaries in dubai. among 215 dromedaries, dcev was detected in faecal samples of four (1. ... | 2015 | 25805410 |
| a sensitive and specific antigen detection assay for middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | since its emergence in 2012, more than 900 laboratory-confirmed cases of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) have been reported with a fatality rate of more than 30%. however, no antigen detection assay for commercial use is available for diagnosis. in this study, the full-length nucleocapsid protein (np) gene of mers coronavirus (mers-cov) was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. a mers-cov np capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using two mers-cov-np-specific monoclonal a ... | 2015 | 26421268 |
| tropism and replication of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus from dromedary camels in the human respiratory tract: an in-vitro and ex-vivo study. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a zoonotic infection causing severe viral pneumonia, with index cases having resided in or recently travelled to the arabian peninsula, and is a global concern for public health. limited human-to-human transmission, leading to some case clusters, has been reported. mers-cov has been reported in dromedary camels but phenotypic characterisation of such viruses is limited. we aimed to compare mers-cov isolates from dromedaries in saudi arab ... | 2014 | 25174549 |
| hepatitis e: a disease of reemerging importance. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. originally considered to be restricted to humans, it is now clear that hev and hev-like viruses have several animal reservoirs with complex ecology and genetic diversity, as exemplified by the recent discovery of hev in dromedaries, a previously underestimated reservoir of zoonotic viruses prior to the emergence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. zoonotic foodborne transmission from pigs and feral ... | 2015 | 25773541 |
| link of a ubiquitous human coronavirus to dromedary camels. | the four human coronaviruses (hcovs) are globally endemic respiratory pathogens. the middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) coronavirus (cov) is an emerging cov with a known zoonotic source in dromedary camels. little is known about the origins of endemic hcovs. studying these viruses' evolutionary history could provide important insight into cov emergence. in tests of mers-cov-infected dromedaries, we found viruses related to an hcov, known as hcov-229e, in 5.6% of 1,033 animals. human- and dr ... | 2016 | 27528677 |
| [molecular diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of the first mers case in turkey]. | coronaviruses (cov) are enveloped, spherical, single-stranded positive-sense rna viruses causing mainly respiratory and intestinal infections in animals and humans. until recently five types of human coronaviruses (hcov-oc43, hcov-hku1, hcov-nl63, hcov-229e, sars-cov) have been known, however a novel cov has been identified in 2012 in saudi arabia. this virus, namely mers-cov (middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus), was classified within coronaviridae family, coronavirinae sub-family, bet ... | 2015 | 26313282 |
| high prevalence of middle east respiratory coronavirus in young dromedary camels in jordan. | prevalence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) was determined in 45 dromedary camels from two geographically separated herds in jordan. virus shedding was only detected in swabs obtained from the respiratory tract and primarily observed in camels younger than 3 years. mers-cov seroprevalence increased with age of camels. bovine and sheep sera were seronegative. phylogenetic analysis of partial s2 clustered the jordanian mers-cov strains with contemporary mers-cov strains a ... | 2017 | 28009529 |
| host species restriction of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus through its receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) emerged in 2012. recently, the mers-cov receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp4) was identified and the specific interaction of the receptor-binding domain (rbd) of mers-cov spike protein and dpp4 was determined by crystallography. animal studies identified rhesus macaques but not hamsters, ferrets, or mice to be susceptible for mers-cov. here, we investigated the role of dpp4 in this observed species tropism. cell lines of human and nonhuman ... | 2014 | 24899185 |
| antibodies against mers coronavirus in dromedary camels, united arab emirates, 2003 and 2013. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) has caused an ongoing outbreak of severe acute respiratory tract infection in humans in the arabian peninsula since 2012. dromedary camels have been implicated as possible viral reservoirs. we used serologic assays to analyze 651 dromedary camel serum samples from the united arab emirates; 151 of 651 samples were obtained in 2003, well before onset of the current epidemic, and 500 serum samples were obtained in 2013. recombinant spike prote ... | 2014 | 24655412 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) serology in major livestock species in an affected region in jordan, june to september 2013. | between june and september 2013, sera from 11 dromedary camels, 150 goats, 126 sheep and 91 cows were collected in jordan, where the first human middle-east respiratory syndrome (mers) cluster appeared in 2012. all sera were tested for mers-coronavirus (mers-cov) specific antibodies by protein microarray with confirmation by virus neutralisation. neutralising antibodies were found in all camel sera while sera from goats and cattle tested negative. although six sheep sera reacted with mers-cov an ... | 2013 | 24342516 |
| animal models of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. | the emergence of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in 2012 marked the second time that a new, highly pathogenic coronavirus has emerged in the human population in the 21st century. in this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge of animal models of mers-cov infection. commonly used laboratory animal species such as syrian hamsters, mice and ferrets are not susceptible to mers-cov, due to differences in the mers-cov receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp4). the i ... | 2015 | 26192750 |
| risk factors for mers coronavirus infection in dromedary camels in burkina faso, ethiopia, and morocco, 2015. | understanding middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) transmission in dromedary camels is important, as they consitute a source of zoonotic infection to humans. to identify risk factors for mers-cov infection in camels bred in diverse conditions in burkina faso, ethiopia and morocco, blood samples and nasal swabs were sampled in february-march 2015. a relatively high mers-cov rna rate was detected in ethiopia (up to 15.7%; 95% confidence interval (ci): 8.2-28.0), followed by burk ... | 2017 | 28382915 |
| cross-sectional surveillance of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in dromedary camels and other mammals in egypt, august 2015 to january 2016. | a cross-sectional study was conducted in egypt to determine the prevalence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in imported and resident camels and bats, as well as to assess possible transmission of the virus to domestic ruminants and equines. a total of 1,031 sera, 1,078 nasal swabs, 13 rectal swabs, and 38 milk samples were collected from 1,078 camels in different types of sites. in addition, 145 domestic animals and 109 bats were sampled. overall, of 1,031 serologically ... | 2017 | 28333616 |
| immunogenicity of candidate mers-cov dna vaccines based on the spike protein. | mers-coronavirus is a novel zoonotic pathogen which spread rapidly to >25 countries since 2012. its apparent endemicity and the wide spread of its reservoir host (dromedary camels) in the arabian peninsula highlight the ongoing public health threat of this virus. therefore, development of effective prophylactic vaccine needs to be urgently explored given that there are no approved prophylactics or therapeutics for humans or animals to date. different vaccine candidates have been investigated but ... | 2017 | 28332568 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: review of the current situation in the world. | this article reviews the current epidemiology and clinical presentation of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection and describes the preparedness plan of several countries. the mers-cov was first reported in 2012 and has since infected more than 1600 patients in 26 countries, mostly in saudi arabia and the middle east. the epidemiology of the infection is compatible with multiple introductions of the virus into humans from an animal reservoir, probably dromedary camels. ... | 2016 | 28265443 |
| serologic evidence for mers-cov infection in dromedary camels, punjab, pakistan, 2012-2015. | dromedary camels from africa and arabia are an established source for zoonotic middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection among humans. in pakistan, we found specific neutralizing antibodies in samples from 39.5% of 565 dromedaries, documenting significant expansion of the enzootic range of mers-cov to asia. | 2017 | 28221127 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) coronavirus and dromedaries. | middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) is a zoonotic viral disease that can be transmitted from dromedaries to human beings. more than 1500 cases of mers have been reported in human beings to date. although mers has been associated with 30% case fatality in human beings, mers coronavirus (mers-cov) infection in dromedaries is usually asymptomatic. in rare cases, dromedaries may develop mild respiratory signs. no mers-cov or antibodies against the virus have been detected in camelids other than ... | 2017 | 28190501 |
| outbreak of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in saudi arabia: a retrospective study. | the middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) is proposed to be a zoonotic disease. dromedary camels have been implicated due to reports that some confirmed cases were exposed to camels. risk factors for mers coronavirus (mers-cov) infections in humans are incompletely understood. this study aimed to describe the demographic characteristics, mortality rate, clinical manifestations and comorbidities with confirmed cases of mers-cov. | 2017 | 28056850 |
| systematic, active surveillance for middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in camels in egypt. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) causes severe human infections and dromedary camels are considered an intermediary host. the dynamics of natural infection in camels are not well understood. through systematic surveillance in egypt, nasal, rectal, milk, urine and serum samples were collected from camels between june 2014 and february 2016. locations included quarantines, markets, abattoirs, free-roaming herds and farmed breeding herds. the overall seroprevalence was 71% an ... | 2017 | 28050021 |
| polyphyletic origin of mers coronaviruses and isolation of a novel clade a strain from dromedary camels in the united arab emirates. | little is known regarding the molecular epidemiology of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) circulating in dromedaries outside saudi arabia. to address this knowledge gap, we sequenced 10 complete genomes of mers-covs isolated from 2 live and 8 dead dromedaries from different regions in the united arab emirates (uae). phylogenetic analysis revealed one novel clade a strain, the first detected in the uae, and nine clade b strains. strain d998/15 had a distinct phylogenetic pos ... | 2016 | 27999424 |
| livestock susceptibility to infection with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) cases continue to be reported, predominantly in saudi arabia and occasionally other countries. although dromedaries are the main reservoir, other animal species might be susceptible to mers coronavirus (mers-cov) infection and potentially serve as reservoirs. to determine whether other animals are potential reservoirs, we inoculated mers-cov into llamas, pigs, sheep, and horses and collected nasal and rectal swab samples at various times. the presence of m ... | 2017 | 27901465 |
| epidemiological investigation of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in dromedary camel farms linked with human infection in abu dhabi emirate, united arab emirates. | the objective of this research was to investigate the prevalence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection primarily in dromedary camel farms and the relationship of those infections with infections in humans in the emirate of abu dhabi. nasal swabs from 1113 dromedary camels (39 farms) and 34 sheep (1 farm) and sputum samples from 2 mers-cov-infected camel farm owners and 1 mers-cov-infected sheep farm owner were collected. samples from camels and humans underwent rea ... | 2016 | 27357298 |
| vaccines against middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus for humans and camels. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is caused by a novel betacoronavirus that was isolated in late 2012 in saudi arabia. the viral infections have been reported in more than 1700 humans, ranging from asymptomatic or mild cases to severe pneumonia with a mortality rate of 40%. it is well documented now that dromedary camels contract the infection and shed the virus without notable symptoms, and such animals had been infected by at least the early 1980s. the mechanism of camel ... | 2017 | 27786402 |
| mers-cov recombination: implications about the reservoir and potential for adaptation. | recombination is a process that unlinks neighboring loci allowing for independent evolutionary trajectories within genomes of many organisms. if not properly accounted for, recombination can compromise many evolutionary analyses. in addition, when dealing with organisms that are not obligately sexually reproducing, recombination gives insight into the rate at which distinct genetic lineages come into contact. since june 2012, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) has caused 1,1 ... | 2016 | 27774293 |
| mers-cov at the animal-human interface: inputs on exposure pathways from an expert-opinion elicitation. | nearly 4 years after the first report of the emergence of middle-east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) and nearly 1800 human cases later, the ecology of mers-cov, its epidemiology, and more than risk factors of mers-cov transmission between camels are poorly understood. knowledge about the pathways and mechanisms of transmission from animals to humans is limited; as of yet, transmission risks have not been quantified. moreover the divergent sanitary situations and exposures to animals ... | 2016 | 27761437 |
| inoculation of goats, sheep, and horses with mers-cov does not result in productive viral shedding. | the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) was first recognized in 2012 and can cause severe disease in infected humans. dromedary camels are the reservoir for the virus, although, other than nasal discharge, these animals do not display any overt clinical disease. data from in vitro experiments suggest that other livestock such as sheep, goats, and horses might also contribute to viral transmission, although field data has not identified any seropositive animals. in order to un ... | 2016 | 27548203 |
| toward developing a preventive mers-cov vaccine-report from a workshop organized by the saudi arabia ministry of health and the international vaccine institute, riyadh, saudi arabia, november 14-15, 2015. | middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) remains a serious international public health threat. with the goal of accelerating the development of countermeasures against mers coronavirus (mers-cov), funding agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and researchers across the world assembled in riyadh, saudi arabia, on november 14-15, 2015, to discuss vaccine development challenges. the meeting was spearheaded by the saudi ministry of health and co-organized by the international vaccine institute, so ... | 2016 | 27439020 |
| sars and mers: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses. | the emergence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in 2012 marked the second introduction of a highly pathogenic coronavirus into the human population in the twenty-first century. the continuing introductions of mers-cov from dromedary camels, the subsequent travel-related viral spread, the unprecedented nosocomial outbreaks and the high case-fatality rates highlight the need for prophylactic and therapeutic measures. scientific advancements since the 2002-2003 severe acute ... | 2016 | 27344959 |
| mers and the dromedary camel trade between africa and the middle east. | dromedary camels are the most likely source for the coronavirus that sporadically causes middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) in humans. serological results from archived camel sera provide evidence for circulation of mers coronavirus (mers-cov) among dromedary camels in the greater horn of africa as far back as 1983 and in saudi arabia as far back as 1992. high seroprevalences of mers-cov antibodies and the high virus prevalence in saudi arabian dromedary camels indicate an endemicity of the ... | 2016 | 27324244 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) origin and animal reservoir. | middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (mers-cov) is a novel coronavirus discovered in 2012 and is responsible for acute respiratory syndrome in humans. though not confirmed yet, multiple surveillance and phylogenetic studies suggest a bat origin. the disease is heavily endemic in dromedary camel populations of east africa and the middle east. it is unclear as to when the virus was introduced to dromedary camels, but data from studies that investigated stored dromedary camel sera and geogr ... | 2016 | 27255185 |
| time course of mers-cov infection and immunity in dromedary camels. | knowledge about immunity to middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in dromedary camels is essential for infection control and vaccination. a longitudinal study of 11 dam-calf pairs showed that calves lose maternal mers-cov antibodies 5-6 months postparturition and are left susceptible to infection, indicating a short window of opportunity for vaccination. | 2016 | 27224315 |
| genomics and zoonotic infections: middle east respiratory syndrome. | the emergence of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) and the discovery of mers coronavirus (mers-cov) in 2012 suggests that another sars-like epidemic is occurring. unlike the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) epidemic, which rapidly disappeared in less than one year, mers has persisted for over three years. more than 1,600 cases of mers have been reported worldwide, and the disease carries a worryingly high fatality rate of >30%. a total of 182 mers-cov genomes have been sequenced, i ... | 2016 | 27217178 |
| complete genome sequence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus isolated from a dromedary camel in egypt. | we generated the near-full genome sequence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) from a collected nasal sample of dromedary camel in egypt. the newly characterized egyptian strain has high similarity to the previously characterized egyptian virus and both of viruses fell into a cluster distinct from other mers-covs. | 2016 | 27125484 |
| mers-cov antibodies in humans, africa, 2013-2014. | dromedaries in africa and elsewhere carry the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). to search for evidence of autochthonous mers-cov infection in humans, we tested archived serum from livestock handlers in kenya for mers-cov antibodies. serologic evidence of infection was confirmed for 2 persons sampled in 2013 and 2014. | 2016 | 27071076 |
| infection, replication, and transmission of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in alpacas. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus is a recently emerged pathogen associated with severe human disease. zoonotic spillover from camels appears to play a major role in transmission. because of logistic difficulties in working with dromedaries in containment, a more manageable animal model would be desirable. we report shedding and transmission of this virus in experimentally infected alpacas (n = 3) or those infected by contact (n = 3). infectious virus was detected in all infected anim ... | 2016 | 27070385 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov): animal to human interaction. | the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a novel enzootic betacoronavirus that was first described in september 2012. the clinical spectrum of mers-cov infection in humans ranges from an asymptomatic or mild respiratory illness to severe pneumonia and multi-organ failure; overall mortality is around 35.7%. bats harbour several betacoronaviruses that are closely related to mers-cov but more research is needed to establish the relationship between bats and mers-cov. the serop ... | 2015 | 26924345 |
| absence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in camelids, kazakhstan, 2015. | | 2016 | 26889787 |
| differential expression of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus receptor in the upper respiratory tracts of humans and dromedary camels. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is not efficiently transmitted between humans, but it is highly prevalent in dromedary camels. here we report that the mers-cov receptor--dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp4)--is expressed in the upper respiratory tract epithelium of camels but not in that of humans. lack of dpp4 expression may be the primary cause of limited mers-cov replication in the human upper respiratory tract and hence restrict transmission. | 2016 | 26889022 |
| cross host transmission in the emergence of mers coronavirus. | coronaviruses (covs) able to infect humans emerge through cross-host transmission from animals. there is substantial evidence that the recent middle east respiratory syndrome (mers)-cov outbreak is fueled by zoonotic transmission from dromedary camels. this is largely based on the fact that closely related viruses have been isolated from this but not any other animal species. given the widespread geographical distribution of dromedaries found seropositive for mers-cov, continued transmission may ... | 2016 | 26826951 |
| deciphering mers-cov evolution in dromedary camels. | the emergence of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) poses a potential threat to global public health. many aspects of the evolution and transmission of mers-cov in its animal reservoir remain unclear. a recent study provides new insights into the evolution and transmission of mers-cov in dromedary camels. | 2016 | 26775034 |
| the sample of choice for detecting middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in asymptomatic dromedary camels using real-time reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction. | the newly identified middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), which causes severe respiratory disease, particularly in people with comorbidities, requires further investigation. studies in qatar and elsewhere have provided evidence that dromedary camels are a reservoir for the virus, but the exact modes of transmission of mers-cov to humans remain unclear. in february 2014, an assessment was made of the suitability and sensitivity of different types of sample for the detection of ... | 2016 | 28332641 |
| mers coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission. | the first known cases of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers), associated with infection by a novel coronavirus (cov), occurred in 2012 in jordan but were reported retrospectively. the case first to be publicly reported was from jeddah, in the kingdom of saudi arabia (ksa). since then, mers-cov sequences have been found in a bat and in many dromedary camels (dc). mers-cov is enzootic in dc across the arabian peninsula and in parts of africa, causing mild upper respiratory tract illness in its ... | 2015 | 26695637 |
| risk factors for primary middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus illness in humans, saudi arabia, 2014. | risk factors for primary middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) illness in humans are incompletely understood. we identified all primary mers-cov cases reported in saudi arabia during march-november 2014 by excluding those with history of exposure to other cases of mers-cov or acute respiratory illness of unknown cause or exposure to healthcare settings within 14 days before illness onset. using a case-control design, we assessed differences in underlying medical conditions and ... | 2016 | 26692185 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in dromedary camels in nigeria, 2015. | evidence of current and past middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection in dromedary camels slaughtered at an abattoir in kano, nigeria in january 2015, was sought by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) and serology. mers-cov rna was detected in 14 (11%) of 132 nasal swabs and antibody in 126 (96%) of 131 serum samples. phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that the viruses in nigeria are genetically distinct from those reported in the arabia ... | 2015 | 26676406 |
| a phylogenetically distinct middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus detected in a dromedary calf from a closed dairy herd in dubai with rising seroprevalence with age. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) was detected by monoclonal antibody-based nucleocapsid protein-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), rna detection, and viral culture from the nasal sample of a 1-month-old dromedary calf in dubai with sudden death. whole genome phylogeny showed that this mers-cov strain did not cluster with the other mers-cov strains from dubai that we reported recently. instead, it formed a unique branch more closely related to other mers-cov ... | 2015 | 26632876 |
| asymptomatic mers-cov infection in humans possibly linked to infected dromedaries imported from oman to united arab emirates, may 2015. | in may 2015 in united arab emirates, asymptomatic middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection was identified through active case finding in 2 men with exposure to infected dromedaries. epidemiologic and virologic findings suggested zoonotic transmission. genetic sequences for viruses from the men and camels were similar to those for viruses recently detected in other countries. | 2015 | 26584223 |
| presence of antibodies but no evidence for circulation of mers-cov in dromedaries on the canary islands, 2015. | in 2012, a new betacoronavirus, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), was identified in humans. several studies confirmed dromedary camels to be a potential reservoir and a source for human infection. camels located on the canary islands were included in those studies and ca 10% of them were positive for mers-cov-specific antibodies. however, these findings could not be correctly interpreted because epidemiological information was not provided. thus, further investigations wer ... | 2015 | 26536463 |
| serological evidence of mers-cov antibodies in dromedary camels (camelus dromedaries) in laikipia county, kenya. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a recently identified virus causing severe viral respiratory illness in people. little is known about the reservoir in the horn of africa. in kenya, where no human mers cases have been reported, our survey of 335 dromedary camels, representing nine herds in laikipia county, showed a high seroprevalence (46.9%) to mers-cov antibodies. between herd differences were present (14.3%- 82.9%), but was not related to management type or herd isol ... | 2015 | 26473733 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov): what lessons can we learn? | the middle east respiratory coronavirus (mers-cov) was first isolated from a patient who died with severe pneumonia in june 2012. as of 19 june 2015, a total of 1,338 mers-cov infections have been notified to the world health organization (who). clinical illness associated with mers-cov ranges from mild upper respiratory symptoms to rapidly progressive pneumonia and multi-organ failure. a significant proportion of patients present with non-respiratory symptoms such as headache, myalgia, vomiting ... | 2015 | 26452615 |
| a novel astrovirus from dromedaries in the middle east. | the recent emergence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus from the middle east and its discovery from dromedary camels has boosted interest in the search for novel viruses in dromedaries. the existence of astroviruses (astvs) in dromedaries was previously unknown. we describe the discovery of a novel dromedary camel astv (dcastv) from dromedaries in dubai. among 215 dromedaries, dcastv was detected in faecal samples of four [three (1.5 %) adult dromedaries and one (8.3 %) dromedary ca ... | 2015 | 26296576 |
| dromedary camels and the transmission of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is an existential threat to global public health. the virus has been repeatedly detected in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius). adult animals in many countries in the middle east as well as in north and east africa showed high (>90%) seroprevalence to the virus. middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus isolated from dromedaries is genetically and phenotypically similar to viruses from humans. we summarize current understanding of th ... | 2017 | 26256102 |
| managing mers-cov in the healthcare setting. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) has caused at least 1118 reported cases in 24 countries with at least 423 deaths worldwide. all cases are epidemiologically linked to the arabian penninsula with most cases reported from the kingdom of saudi arabia. mers-cov has three patterns of presentation: sporadic isolated cases, small clusters of intra-familial transmission and large healthcare-associated infections. the disease presentation varies from asymptomatic/mild cases to seve ... | 2015 | 26224424 |
| mers-cov in upper respiratory tract and lungs of dromedary camels, saudi arabia, 2013-2014. | to assess the temporal dynamics of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection in dromedary camels, specimens were collected at 1-2 month intervals from 2 independent groups of animals during april 2013-may 2014 in al-ahsa province, saudi arabia, and tested for mers-cov rna by reverse transcription pcr. of 96 live camels, 28 (29.2%) nasal swab samples were positive; of 91 camel carcasses, 56 (61.5%) lung tissue samples were positive. positive samples were more commonly foun ... | 2015 | 26079346 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus "mers-cov": current knowledge gaps. | the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) that causes a severe lower respiratory tract infection in humans is now considered a pandemic threat to the gulf region. since its discovery in 2012, mers-cov has reached 23 countries affecting about 1100 people, including a dozen children, and claiming over 400 lives. compared to sars (severe acute respiratory syndrome), mers-cov appears to kill more people (40% versus 10%), more quickly, and is especially more severe in those with pre ... | 2015 | 26002405 |
| acute middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in livestock dromedaries, dubai, 2014. | camels carry middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, but little is known about infection age or prevalence. we studied >800 dromedaries of all ages and 15 mother-calf pairs. this syndrome constitutes an acute, epidemic, and time-limited infection in camels <4 years of age, particularly calves. delayed social separation of calves might reduce human infection risk. | 2015 | 25989145 |
| laboratory investigation and phylogenetic analysis of an imported middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus case in greece. | rapid and reliable laboratory diagnosis of persons suspected of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection is important for timely implementation of infection control practices and disease management. in addition, monitoring molecular changes in the virus can help elucidate chains of transmission and identify mutations that might influence virus transmission efficiency. this was illustrated by a recent laboratory investigation we conducted on an imported mers-cov case in g ... | 2015 | 25919137 |
| presence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus antibodies in saudi arabia: a nationwide, cross-sectional, serological study. | scientific evidence suggests that dromedary camels are the intermediary host for the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). however, the actual number of infections in people who have had contact with camels is unknown and most index patients cannot recall any such contact. we aimed to do a nationwide serosurvey in saudi arabia to establish the prevalence of mers-cov antibodies, both in the general population and in populations of individuals who have maximum exposure to camels ... | 2015 | 25863564 |
| lack of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus transmission from infected camels. | to determine risk for middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus transmission from camels to humans, we tested serum from 191 persons with various levels of exposure to an infected dromedary herd. we found no serologic evidence of human infection, suggesting that zoonotic transmission of this virus from dromedaries is rare. | 2015 | 25811546 |
| reliable typing of mers-cov variants with a small genome fragment. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is an emerging pathogen that causes lower respiratory tract infection in humans. camels are the likely animal source for zoonotic infection, although exact transmission modes remain to be determined. human-to-human transmission occurs sporadically. the wide geographic distribution of mers-cov among dromedary camels and ongoing transmissions to humans provides concern for the evolution of a mers-cov variant with efficient human-to-human tran ... | 2015 | 25728084 |
| prevalence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in dromedary camels in abu dhabi emirate, united arab emirates. | high seroprevalence of middle east respiratory syndrome corona virus (mers-cov) in dromedary camels has been previously reported in united arab emirates (uae). however, the molecular detection of the virus has never been reported before in uae. of the 7,803 nasal swabs tested in the epidemiological survey, mers-cov nucleic acid was detected by real-time pcr in a total of 126 (1.6 %) camels. positive camels were detected at the borders with saudi arabia and oman and in camels' slaughter houses. m ... | 2015 | 25653016 |
| development and validation of a rapid immunochromatographic assay for detection of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus antigen in dromedary camels. | we present here a rapid immunochromatographic assay for the detection of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) antigen in the nasal swabs of dromedary camels. the assay is based on the detection of mers-cov nucleocapsid protein in a short time frame using highly selective monoclonal antibodies at room temperature. the relative sensitivity and specificity of the assay were found to be 93.90% and 100%, respectively, compared to that of the upe and open reading frame 1a (orf1a) re ... | 2015 | 25631809 |
| human-dromedary camel interactions and the risk of acquiring zoonotic middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) cases without documented contact with another human mers-cov case make up 61% (517/853) of all reported cases. these primary cases are of particular interest for understanding the source(s) and route(s) of transmission and for designing long-term disease control measures. dromedary camels are the only animal species for which there is convincing evidence that it is a host species for mers-cov and hence a potential source of human infections ... | 2016 | 25545147 |
| mers coronavirus neutralizing antibodies in camels, eastern africa, 1983-1997. | to analyze the distribution of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov)-seropositive dromedary camels in eastern africa, we tested 189 archived serum samples accumulated during the past 30 years. we identified mers-cov neutralizing antibodies in 81.0% of samples from the main camel-exporting countries, sudan and somalia, suggesting long-term virus circulation in these animals. | 2014 | 25425139 |
| cd26/dpp4 cell-surface expression in bat cells correlates with bat cell susceptibility to middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection and evolution of persistent infection. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a recently isolated betacoronavirus identified as the etiologic agent of a frequently fatal disease in western asia, middle east respiratory syndrome. attempts to identify the natural reservoirs of mers-cov have focused in part on dromedaries. bats are also suspected to be reservoirs based on frequent detection of other betacoronaviruses in these mammals. for this study, ten distinct cell lines derived from bats of divergent species were ... | 2014 | 25409519 |
| bartonella dromedarii sp. nov. isolated from domesticated camels (camelus dromedarius) in israel. | bartonella spp. are fastidious, gram-negative bacilli that cause a wide spectrum of diseases in humans. most bartonella spp. have adapted to a specific host, generally a domestic or wild mammal. dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) have become a focus of growing public-health interest because they have been identified as a reservoir host for the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. nevertheless, data on camel zoonoses are limited. we aimed to study the occurrence of bartonella bactere ... | 2014 | 25409267 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: epidemiology and disease control measures. | the emergence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection in 2012 resulted in an increased concern of the spread of the infection globally. mers-cov infection had previously caused multiple health-care-associated outbreaks and resulted in transmission of the virus within families. community onset mers-cov cases continue to occur. dromedary camels are currently the most likely animal to be linked to human mers-cov cases. serologic tests showed significant infection in adu ... | 2014 | 25395865 |
| [dromedary camels and middle east respiratory syndrome: mers coronavirus in the 'ship of the desert']. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a novel coronavirus, identified in patients with respiratory symptoms in the middle east. accumulating evidence points to dromedary camels as being reservoirs. mers-cov has been isolated from dromedaries, and dromedary mers-cov is nearly identical to human mers-cov. camel and human mers-cov genome sequences from the same geographic areas cluster together. both on the arabian peninsula and in africa high percentages of adult dromedaries a ... | 2014 | 25248734 |
| immunogenicity of an adenoviral-based middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine in balb/c mice. | a new type of coronavirus has been identified as the causative agent underlying middle east respiratory syndrome (mers). the mers coronavirus (mers-cov) has spread in the middle east, but cases originating in the middle east have also occurred in the european union and the usa. eight hundred and thirty-seven cases of mers-cov infection have been confirmed to date, including 291 deaths. mers-cov has infected dromedary camel populations in the middle east at high rates, representing an immediate s ... | 2014 | 25192975 |
| isolation of mers coronavirus from a dromedary camel, qatar, 2014. | we obtained the full genome of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) from a camel in qatar. this virus is highly similar to the human england/qatar 1 virus isolated in 2012. the mers-cov from the camel efficiently replicated in human cells, providing further evidence for the zoonotic potential of mers-cov from camels. | 2014 | 25075761 |
| antibodies against mers coronavirus in dromedary camels, kenya, 1992-2013. | dromedary camels are a putative source for human infections with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. we showed that camels sampled in different regions in kenya during 1992-2013 have antibodies against this virus. high densities of camel populations correlated with increased seropositivity and might be a factor in predicting long-term virus maintenance. | 2014 | 25075637 |
| geographic distribution of mers coronavirus among dromedary camels, africa. | we found serologic evidence for the circulation of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus among dromedary camels in nigeria, tunisia, and ethiopia. circulation of the virus among dromedaries across broad areas of africa may indicate that this disease is currently underdiagnosed in humans outside the arabian peninsula. | 2014 | 25062254 |
| detection of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus genome in an air sample originating from a camel barn owned by an infected patient. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a novel betacoronavirus that has been circulating in the arabian peninsula since 2012 and causing severe respiratory infections in humans. while bats were suggested to be involved in human mers-cov infections, a direct link between bats and mers-cov is uncertain. on the other hand, serological and virological data suggest dromedary camels as the potential animal reservoirs of mers-cov. recently, we isolated mers-cov from a camel and its ... | 2014 | 25053787 |
| mers coronavirus in dromedary camel herd, saudi arabia. | a prospective study of a dromedary camel herd during the 2013-14 calving season showed middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of calves and adults. virus was isolated from the nose and feces but more frequently from the nose. preexisting neutralizing antibody did not appear to protect against infection. | 2014 | 24964193 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) rna and neutralising antibodies in milk collected according to local customs from dromedary camels, qatar, april 2014. | antibodies to middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) were detected in serum and milk collected according to local customs from 33 camels in qatar, april 2014. at one location, evidence for active virus shedding in nasal secretions and/or faeces was observed for 7/12 camels; viral rna was detected in milk of five of these seven camels. the presence of mers-cov rna in milk of camels actively shedding the virus warrants measures to prevent putative food-borne transmission of mers-c ... | 2014 | 24957745 |
| seroepidemiology of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) coronavirus in saudi arabia (1993) and australia (2014) and characterisation of assay specificity. | the pseudoparticle virus neutralisation test (ppnt) and a conventional microneutralisation (mn) assay are specific for detecting antibodies to middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) when used in seroepidemiological studies in animals. genetically diverse mers-cov appear antigenically similar in mn tests. we confirm that mers-cov was circulating in dromedaries in saudi arabia in 1993. preliminary data suggest that feral australian dromedaries may be free of mers-cov but larger co ... | 2014 | 24957744 |
| evidence for camel-to-human transmission of mers coronavirus. | we describe the isolation and sequencing of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) obtained from a dromedary camel and from a patient who died of laboratory-confirmed mers-cov infection after close contact with camels that had rhinorrhea. nasal swabs collected from the patient and from one of his nine camels were positive for mers-cov rna. in addition, mers-cov was isolated from the patient and the camel. the full genome sequences of the two isolates were identical. serologic da ... | 2014 | 24896817 |
| authors reply: middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in dromedary camels: are dromedary camels a reservoir for mers-cov? | | 2014 | 24871760 |
| letter to the editor: middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in dromedary camels: are dromedary camels a reservoir for mers-cov? | | 2014 | 24871759 |
| human infection with mers coronavirus after exposure to infected camels, saudi arabia, 2013. | we investigated a case of human infection with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) after exposure to infected camels. analysis of the whole human-derived virus and 15% of the camel-derived virus sequence yielded nucleotide polymorphism signatures suggestive of cross-species transmission. camels may act as a direct source of human mers-cov infection. | 2014 | 24857749 |
| mers coronaviruses in dromedary camels, egypt. | we identified the near-full-genome sequence (29,908 nt, >99%) of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) from a nasal swab specimen from a dromedary camel in egypt. we found that viruses genetically very similar to human mers-cov are infecting dromedaries beyond the arabian peninsula, where human mers-cov infections have not yet been detected. | 2014 | 24856660 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in dromedary camels, oman, 2013. | a countrywide survey in oman revealed middle eastrespiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) nucleicacid in five of 76 dromedary camels. camel-derivedmers-cov sequences (3,754 nucleotides assembled from partial sequences of the open reading frame (orf)1a, spike, and orf4b genes) from oman and qatar were slightly different from each other, but closely related to human mers-cov sequences from the same geographical areas, suggesting local zoonotic transmission. high viral loads in nasal and conjunc ... | 2014 | 24786259 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus quasispecies that include homologues of human isolates revealed through whole-genome analysis and virus cultured from dromedary camels in saudi arabia. | abstract complete middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) genome sequences were obtained from nasal swabs of dromedary camels sampled in the kingdom of saudi arabia through direct analysis of nucleic acid extracts or following virus isolation in cell culture. consensus dromedary mers-cov genome sequences were the same with either template source and identical to published human mers-cov sequences. however, in contrast to individual human cases, where only clonal genomic sequences ... | 2014 | 24781747 |
| novel betacoronavirus in dromedaries of the middle east, 2013. | in 2013, a novel betacoronavirus was identified in fecal samples from dromedaries in dubai, united arab emirates. antibodies against the recombinant nucleocapsid protein of the virus, which we named dromedary camel coronavirus (dccov) uae-hku23, were detected in 52% of 59 dromedary serum samples tested. in an analysis of 3 complete dccov uae-hku23 genomes, we identified the virus as a betacoronavirus in lineage a1. the dccov uae-hku23 genome has g+c contents; a general preference for g/c in the ... | 2014 | 24655427 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in dromedary camels in saudi arabia. | the middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) is proposed to be a zoonotic disease; however, the reservoir and mechanism for transmission of the causative agent, the mers coronavirus, are unknown. dromedary camels have been implicated through reports that some victims have been exposed to camels, camels in areas where the disease has emerged have antibodies to the virus, and viral sequences have been recovered from camels in association with outbreaks of the disease among humans. nonetheless, whet ... | 2014 | 24570370 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov): evidence and speculations. | in 2012, a novel human coronavirus emerged and was tentatively named "middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus" (mers-cov). the high mortality rate of mers-cov focused attention on the ecology of the virus. it has been found that mers-cov belongs to the group c lineage of the genus betacoronavirus. coronavirus surveillance studies in different populations of bats have suggested that they are probable reservoirs for this novel virus, and phylogenetic analysis of both the spike (s1) and rna-de ... | 2014 | 24515532 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus antibody reactors among camels in dubai, united arab emirates, in 2005. | we tested, using a low starting dilution, sequential serum samples from dromedary camels, sheep and horses collected in dubai from february/april to october of 2005 and from dromedary camels for export/import testing between canada and usa in 2000-2001. using a standard middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) neutralization test, serial sera from three sheep and three horses were all negative while sera from 9 of 11 dromedary camels from dubai were positive for antibodies support ... | 2014 | 24456414 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in dromedary camels: an outbreak investigation. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) causes severe lower respiratory tract infection in people. previous studies suggested dromedary camels were a reservoir for this virus. we tested for the presence of mers-cov in dromedary camels from a farm in qatar linked to two human cases of the infection in october, 2013. | 2014 | 24355866 |
| seroepidemiology for mers coronavirus using microneutralisation and pseudoparticle virus neutralisation assays reveal a high prevalence of antibody in dromedary camels in egypt, june 2013. | we describe a novel spike pseudoparticle neutralisation assay (ppnt) for seroepidemiological studies on middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (merscov) and apply this assay together with conventional microneutralisation (mn) tests to investigate 1,343 human and 625 animal sera. the sera were collected in egypt as a region adjacent to areas where mers has been described, and in hong kong, china as a control region. sera from dromedary camels had a high prevalence of antibody reactive to me ... | 2013 | 24079378 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus experimental transmission using a pig model. | dromedary camels are the main reservoir of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), but other livestock species (i.e., alpacas, llamas, and pigs) are also susceptible to infection with mers-cov. animal-to-animal transmission in alpacas was reported, but evidence for transmission in other species has not been proved. this study explored pig-to-pig mers-cov transmission experimentally. virus was present in nasal swabs of infected animals, and limited amounts of viral rna, but no in ... | 2017 | 28653496 |
| longitudinal study of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in dromedary camel herds in saudi arabia, 2014-2015. | two herds of dromedary camels were longitudinally sampled with nasal and rectal swabs and serum, between september 2014 and may 2015, and the samples were tested for middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) coronavirus rna and antibodies. evidence of mers-cov infection was confirmed in one herd on the basis of detection of virus rna in nasal swabs from three camels and significant increases in the antibody titers from three others. the three viruses were genetically identical, thus indicating int ... | 2017 | 28634355 |
| dromedary camels in northern mali have high seropositivity to mers-cov. | a high percentage (up to 90%) of dromedary camels in the middle east as well as eastern and central africa have antibodies to middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). here we report comparably high positivity of mers-cov antibodies in dromedary camels from northern mali. this extends the range of mers-cov further west in africa than reported to date and cautions that mers-cov should be considered in cases of severe respiratory disease in the region. | 2017 | 28616502 |