| development of leishmania major in phlebotomus duboscqi and sergentomyia schwetzi (diptera: psychodidae). | the extrinsic development of leishmania major was observed in 2 man-biting sand flies, phlebotomus duboscqi, a known vector, and sergentomyia schwetzi, an assumed non-vector. flies fed on a leishmanial lesion on the nose of a hamster were examined for infection at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 60 hr and at approximately 24 hr intervals from day 3 to day 14 post-feeding. infection rates, determined by light microscopy, were 47% (n = 258) in p. duboscqi and 5% (n = 162) in s. schwetzi. transformat ... | 1990 | 2382763 |
| experimental transmission of leishmania major to vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) by bites of phlebotomus duboscqi (diptera: psychodidae). | experimental transmission of leishmania major to vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) was accomplished by bites of phlebotomus duboscqi sandflies. three-day-old, laboratory-reared p. duboscqi were fed on leishmanial lesions on hamsters infected with l. major. the flies were re-fed on monkeys 10 d after infection. five adult male vervet monkeys were used in concurrent transmission trials. two of the monkeys received subcutaneous inoculations with stationary-phase promastigotes (2 x 10(6) proma ... | 1990 | 2389312 |
| dna hybridizations on squash-blotted sandflies to identify both phlebotomus papatasi and infecting leishmania major. | epidemiological field studies on leishmaniasis have been hampered by the laborious, and often inefficient, methods used to assess the rates of infection of sandfly vectors (diptera; phlebotominae) by species of the causative disease organisms, protozoal parasites of the genus leishmania (kinetoplastida; trypanosomatidae). we report the rapid and accurate identification of both sandfly vector (phlebotomus (phlebotomus) papatasi (scopoli] and infecting leishmania major yakimov & schokov by dna hyb ... | 1988 | 2856540 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania major in baringo district, kenya. | leishmania major was isolated from lesions of a patient suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis in baringo district of kenya. isoenzyme mobilities of this strain were compared with those of l. major, l. donovani, l. aethiopica and l. tropica reference strains and also l. major from a sand fly, phlebotomus duboscqi, and a rodent, arvicanthis niloticus, trapped in the same region. the patient's isolate had similar banding patterns to the l. major reference strain and also the rodent and the sand fl ... | 1987 | 3445343 |
| laboratory investigations on the survival and fecundity of phlebotomus duboscqi (diptera, psychodidae), a vector of leishmania major in kenya. | the gonotrophic cycle, survival and reproductive potential of adult female phlebotomus duboscqi, a vector of leishmania major in baringo district, kenya was investigated in the laboratory. the sandflies were fed on hamster and apples as a sugar source and were placed in vials for oviposition. the feeding and care for oviposition was repeated for as long as the flies lived. the longest period p. duboscqi survived after taking the first blood meal was 45 days. the flies completed up to eight gonot ... | 1987 | 3629141 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis in kenya: transmission of leishmania major to man by the bite of a naturally infected phlebotomus duboscqi. | one leishmanial stock was isolated from a phlebotomus duboscqi female captured in baringo district, kenya, and others from papular lesions that developed at sites where this sandfly had fed on a man. when characterized by cellulose acetate electrophoresis (eight enzymes examined), these isolates proved to be identical to known leishmania major strains from man and a rodent (arvicanthis sp.) and different from l. donovani and l. adleri, which also occur in baringo. this is the first case of human ... | 1984 | 6533846 |
| [interepidemic surveillance of a cutaneous leishmaniasis focus in senegal]. | the cutaneous leishmaniasis is rampant in an endemo -epidemic way in the region of thiès, senegal. at the occasion of an epidemic observed between 1975 and 1978, the ecological study of the focus of keur moussa , led by dedet and al., permitted to discover, for the first time in west africa, the structure of a cutaneous leishmaniasis focus. the most important part of the present laboratory work consists in the observation of that wild anthropozoonosis due to leishmania tropica major, having as v ... | 1984 | 6738336 |
| [ecology of a reservoir of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the region of thiès (senegal, west africa). 6. characterization and types of isolated leishmania strains]. | the authors studied the characterisation and typing of leishmania strains isolated in the keur-moussa focus from human lesions (4 strains), from the digestive tract of phlebotomus duboscqi (i strain) and from the rodents mastomys erythroleucus (2 strains) and tatera gambiana (2 strains). they used the following criteria: amastigote measurements, kinetoplast ultrastructure, pathogenicity in mice and hamsters, isoenzymes, kinetoplast and nuclear dna buoyant densities and the adler test. the result ... | 1982 | 7105287 |
| [ecology of a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the thiès region (senegal, west africa). 4. spontaneous infestation and biology of phlebotomus duboscqi neveu-lemaire 1906]. | following their epidemiological investigation on the cutaneous leishmaniasis focus of keur moussa, the authors study the sandfly fauna. the species phlebotomus duboscqi is abundant (1,532 samples out of 8,411 sandflies collected between december 1976 and june 1979) and located inside the rodent burrows which have been found to be their larval breeding sites. five p. duboscqi females out of 356 dissected were infected by leishmania major promastigotes. | 1982 | 7168882 |
| [ecology of a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the thiès region (senegal, west africa). 6. characterization and typing of the strains of leishmania isolated]. | the authors studied the characterisation and typing of leishmania strains isolated in the keur-moussa focus from human lesions (4 strains), from the digestive tract of phlebotomus duboscqi (i strain) and from the rodents mastomys erythroleucus (2 strains) and tatera gambiana (2 strains). they used the following criteria: amastigote measurements, kinetoplast ultrastructure, pathogenicity in mice and hamsters, isoenzymes, kinetoplast and nuclear dna buoyant densities and the adler test. the result ... | 1982 | 7168884 |
| [ecology of a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the area of thies, senegal, west africa. 4. spontaneous infestation and biology of phlebotomus duboscqi neveu-lemaire 1906]. | following their epidemiological investigation on the cutaneous leishmaniasis focus of keur moussa, the authors study the sandfly fauna. the species phlebotomus duboscqi is abundant (1532 samples out of 8411 sandflies collected between december 1976 and june 1979) and located inside the rodent burrows which have been found to be their larval breeding sites. five p. duboscqi females out of 356 dissected were infected by leishmania major promastigotes. | 1980 | 7226361 |
| experimental immunization against cutaneous leishmaniasis using leishmania major subcellular fractions alone or in combination with phlebotomus duboscqi gut antigens. | leishmania major-derived flagella and nuclear fractions, and a combination of flagella and sand fly gut antigens were assessed for protection against l. major infection in balb/c mice. mice immunized with flagella antigen developed a severe infection while nuclear fraction-immunized animals were partially protected at the onset of infection from week 1 to 4 post challenge. a combination/cock tail of flagella and sand fly gut antigens protected animals at a later stage from week 10 to 14 post-inf ... | 1995 | 7588148 |
| experimental infection of domestic goats with leishmania major through bites of infected phlebotomus duboscqi and needle inoculation of culture-derived promastigotes. | | 1994 | 7831760 |
| phlebotomus (phlebotomus) duboscqi (diptera: phlebotominae), naturally infected with leishmania major in southern ethiopia. | in a survey of leishmania infections in phlebotomine sandflies in visceral leishmaniasis focus at aba roba, segen valley, southern ethiopia, phlebotomus duboscqi was found naturally infected with l. major (zymodeme mon-74). this is the first isolation of l. major from a vector sandfly in ethiopia, from an area where human and/or rodent infections with l. major are, so far, unknown. | 1993 | 8465376 |
| the chemotactic effect of phlebotomus duboscqi (diptera: psychodidae) salivary gland lysates to murine monocytes. | the possibility that salivary gland lysates of phlebotomus duboscqi are able to attract vertebrate monocytes was investigated. in vitro studies showed that salivary gland lysates of p. duboscqi, the vector of leishmania major in kenya, are chemotactic to mouse peritoneal monocytes. this attraction of monocytes by vector salivary gland lysates may form part of the mechanisms through which sandfly saliva ensures successful parasitization of macrophages in a susceptible host by leishmania parasites ... | 1995 | 8610544 |
| sandfly midgut lectin: effect of galactosamine on leishmania major infections. | galactosamine, which has been shown in vitro to specifically inhibit sandfly midgut lectin activity, was fed to phlebotomus duboscqi females with blood containing promastigotes of leishmania major. non-inhibitory sugar, galactose, was added in controls. for two strains of l. major (lv 561 and neal-p), galactosamine substantially enhanced the establishment of infection in the sandfly posterior midgut and significantly increased parasite loads after defaecation, but did not affect anterior migrati ... | 1998 | 9622368 |
| leishmania transmission-blocking vaccines: a review. | to review information on transmission-blocking vaccine against leishmania infections. | 1999 | 10442130 |
| vector potential of phlebotomus duboscqi and p. papatasi: a comparison of feeding behaviour, reproductive capacity and experimental infection with leishmania major. | phlebotomus duboscqi and p. papatasi are the incriminated vectors of leishmania major, the causative agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) in various parts of the world. factors contributing to the vector potential of these two species were investigated in the laboratory. it was found that 90.1% of the p. duboscqi females tested completed feeding in 1 h and they could complete up to eight gonotrophic cycles in their maximum adult life-span in the laboratory of almost 2 months. in contr ... | 1999 | 10562833 |
| leishmania major infections in phlebotomus duboscqi fed on murine models immunized with l. major subcellular antigens and sandfly gut antigens. | the ability of antibodies in bloodmeals of mice and hamsters immunized with leishmania major subcellular fractions and sandfly (phlebotomus duboscqi) gut antigens to inhibit development of l. major in its vector p. duboscqi was examined. antibodies from animals immunized with either l. major subcellular fractions alone or sandfly gut antigen alone were not very effective in inhibiting development of l. major in the sandfly. when p. duboscqi were fed on blood from animals immunized with both para ... | 2000 | 10843323 |
| bloodmeal digestion and leishmania major infections in phlebotomus duboscqi: effect of carbohydrates inhibiting midgut lectin activity. | the carbohydrates galactosamine and heparin, previously shown to inhibit phlebotomine lectin activity in vitro, were fed to the sandfly phlebotomus duboscqi neveu-lemaire (diptera: psychodidae) with blood, and the effects on mortality, fecundity, protease activity and susceptibility to leishmania major yakimoff & schokhor (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae) were studied. previous study revealed that galactosamine considerably enhanced the establishment of l. major infection in p. duboscqi and sig ... | 2001 | 11583445 |
| transmission blocking vaccine studies in leishmaniasis: i. lipophosphoglycan is a promising transmission blocking vaccine molecule against cutaneous leishmaniasis. | new strategies for control of leishmaniasis is needed as chemotherapy using antimonial drugs is prolonged, expensive, associated with side effects and relapses. vector control has limitations and a vaccine which may be the best approach is not available. | 2001 | 11682952 |
| transmission blocking vaccine studies in leishmaniasis: ii. effect of immunisation using leishmania major derived 63 kilodalton glycoprotein, lipophosphoglycan and whole parasite antigens on the course of l. major infection in balb/c mice. | safe, effective and inexpensive vaccines may be the most practical tool for control of any form of leishmaniasis. leishmaniasis produces a state of pre-immunition which is the underlying mechanism for prolonged immunity to re-infection. low doses of parasites has been shown to be able to induce protection in mice. it is not known, however, how immune sera from a susceptible host immunised with leishmania-derived antigens when taken in by the sandfly affects the development and the subsequent tra ... | 2001 | 11682953 |
| phlebotomus (adlerius) halepensis vector competence for leishmania major and le. tropica. | in eurasia, phlebotomine sandflies of the subgenus adlerius (diptera: psychodidae) comprise about 20 known species. some are suspected vectors of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) and at least one species has been implicated as a vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl). we tested phlebotomus (adlerius) halepensis theodor (jordan strain) for cl vector competence, compared with three standard vectors: phlebotomus (phlebotomus) duboscqi n-l. from senegal, phlebotomus (paraphlebotomus) sergenti parrot from ... | 2003 | 12941007 |
| leishmania major-phlebotomus duboscqi interactions: inhibition of anti-lpg antibodies and characterisation of two proteins with shared epitopes. | to assess the effect of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against l. major derived lpg on l. major development in vitro and in its natural vector p. duboscqi. also determine whether lpg molecule and the sand fly the gut lysates have shared epitopes. | 2004 | 15125094 |
| blocked stomodeal valve of the insect vector: similar mechanism of transmission in two trypanosomatid models. | the regurgitation of metacyclic stages from the sand fly cardia is thought to be the prevailing mechanism of leishmania transmission. this regurgitation may result through damage of the stomodeal valve and its mechanical block by the parasites. we found this phenomenon in three sand fly-leishmania models and also in avian trypanosomes transmitted by culex mosquitoes. phlebotomus duboscqi, phlebotomus papatasi, lutzomyia longipalpis, and culex pipiens were membrane-fed on blood containing leishma ... | 2004 | 15491584 |
| characterization of a defensin from the sand fly phlebotomus duboscqi induced by challenge with bacteria or the protozoan parasite leishmania major. | antimicrobial peptides are major components of the innate immune response of epithelial cells. in insect vectors, these peptides may play a role in the control of gut pathogens. we have analyzed antimicrobial peptides produced by the sand fly phlebotomus duboscqi, after challenge by injected bacteria or feeding with bacteria or the protozoan parasite leishmania major. a new hemolymph peptide with antimicrobial activity was identified and shown to be a member of the insect defensin family. intere ... | 2004 | 15557638 |
| laboratory testing of the insect repellents ir3535 and deet against phlebotomus mascittii and p. duboscqi (diptera: psychodidae). | the efficacy of the repellent ir3535 was tested and compared with deet using two laboratory colonies of phlebotomine sand flies, phlebotomus mascittii and phlebotomus duboscqi. p. duboscqi, originating from senegal, is a proven vector of leishmania major. p. mascittii (corsican origin) has never been demonstrated to be a vector of leishmaniasis, but it was reported in 2004 as an anthropophilic species in germany associated with autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis in people and animals. ir3535 a ... | 2006 | 16530004 |
| estimation of the minimum number of leishmania major amastigotes required for infecting phlebotomus duboscqi (diptera: psychodidae). | leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease in which leishmania parasites are transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. amastigotes are ingested by the sand fly vector with a blood meal taken from an infected host. this is followed by their differentiation into metacyclic promastigotes which are selectively released and permitted to migrate interiorly so as to make them available for transmission by bite. however, the actual number of amastigotes ingested by the sand fly in the blood meal ... | 2006 | 16708876 |
| effects of anti-leishmania monoclonal antibodies on the development of leishmania major in phlebotomus duboscqi (diptera: psychodidae). | research in our laboratory has previously shown that immune-mediated transmission blocking may be applied to leishmania infections and that the lpg molecule and anti-lpg monoclonal antibodies was found to be an excellent candidate against l. major infections. | 2006 | 16708877 |
| virulent and attenuated lines of leishmania major: dna karyotypes and differences in metalloproteinase gp63. | the leishmania metalloproteinase gp63 has been reported to play important roles mainly in resistance of promastigotes to complement-mediated lysis and in interaction with macrophage receptors. on the other hand, its function in insect vectors is still unclear. we compared the structure and dosage of gp63 genes and the activity of gp63 in leishmania major yakimoff et schokhor strains and lines differing in virulence for mice and ability to develop in sand flies. the results demonstrate considerab ... | 2006 | 16898121 |
| identification and characterization of a salivary adenosine deaminase from the sand fly phlebotomus duboscqi, the vector of leishmania major in sub-saharan africa. | two transcripts coding for an adenosine deaminase (ada) were identified by sequencing a phlebotomus duboscqi salivary gland cdna library. adenosine deaminase was previously reported in the saliva of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis but it was not present in the saliva of the sand flies phlebotomus papatasi, p. argentipes, p. perniciosus and p. ariasi, suggesting that this enzyme is only present in the saliva of sand flies from the genus lutzomyia. in the present work, we tested the hypothesis ... | 2007 | 17297134 |
| leishmania in sand flies: comparison of quantitative polymerase chain reaction with other techniques to determine the intensity of infection. | quantification of leishmania parasites in the sand fly digestive tract is important for evaluation of vector competence. we compared quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-pcr) with two "traditional" methods, estimation in situ and direct counting with the aid of a hemocytometer, to evaluate their usefulness in different parasite-vector combinations. phlebotomus duboscqi neveu-lemarie and phlebotomus arabicus theodor sand flies were infected with leishmania major and leishmania infantum, resp ... | 2008 | 18283954 |
| quantification of the infectious dose of leishmania major transmitted to the skin by single sand flies. | leishmaniasis is transmitted between mammalian hosts by the bites of bloodsucking vector sand flies. the dose of parasites transmitted to the mammalian host has never been directly determined. we developed a real-time pcr-based method to determine the number of leishmania major parasites inoculated into the ears of living mice during feeding by individual infected flies (phlebotomus duboscqi). the number of parasites transmitted varied over a wide range in the 58 ears in which leishmania were de ... | 2008 | 18626016 |
| peritrophic matrix of phlebotomus duboscqi and its kinetics during leishmania major development. | light microscopy of native preparations, histology, and electron microscopy have revealed that phlebotomus duboscqi belongs to a class of sand fly species with prompt development of the peritrophic matrix (pm). secretion of electron-lucent fibrils, presumably chitin, starts immediately after the ingestion of a blood meal and, about 6 h later, is followed by secretion of amorphous electron-dense components, presumably proteins and glycoproteins. the pm matures in less than 12 h and consists of a ... | 2009 | 19471970 |
| functional characterization of a salivary apyrase from the sand fly, phlebotomus duboscqi, a vector of leishmania major. | two transcripts coding for proteins homologous to apyrases were identified by massive sequencing of a phlebotomus (p.) duboscqi salivary gland cdna library. the sequence analysis revealed that the amino acids important for enzymatic activity including nucleotidase activity and the binding of calcium and nucleotides were well conserved in these molecules. a recombinant p. duboscqi salivary apyrase was expressed in escherichia coli and purified. the resulting protein efficiently hydrolyzed adp and ... | 2009 | 19651132 |
| comparative attractiveness of co(2)-baited cdc light traps and animal baits to phlebotomus duboscqi sandflies. | in order to understand sandfly bionomics, vector species identification, and to develop methods for sandfly control, there is a need to sample sandflies in any particular habitat. this survey was aimed at determining the best method of sampling phlebotomus (phlebotomus) duboscqi (diptera: psychodidae) in the field. | 2009 | 19724082 |
| proteophosphoglycan confers resistance of leishmania major to midgut digestive enzymes induced by blood feeding in vector sand flies. | leishmania synthesize abundant phosphoglycan-containing molecules made up of [gal-man-po(4)] repeating units, including the surface lipophosphoglycan (lpg), and the surface and secreted proteophosphoglycan (ppg). the vector competence of phlebotomus duboscqi and lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies was tested using l. major knockout mutants deficient in either total phosphoglycans (lpg2(-) or lpg5a(-)/5b(-)) or lpg alone (lpg1(-)) along with their respective gene add-back controls. our results confi ... | 2010 | 20088949 |
| morphometric and molecular differentiation of phlebotomus (phlebotomus) sandflies. | the closely related sandfly species of the subgenus phlebotomus namely, phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli, 1786), phlebotomus duboscqi neveu-lemair, 1906 and phlebotomus bergeroti parrot, 1934 (diptera: psychodidae), are major vectors of leishmania major (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae), the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the old world. although allopatric in most of their distribution, the three species exist sympatrically in many places in central and eastern sudan. males of the t ... | 2010 | 20633225 |
| the potential of the extracts of tagetes minuta linnaeus (asteraceae), acalypha fruticosa forssk (euphorbiaceae) and tarchonanthus camphoratus l. (compositae) against phlebotomus duboscqi neveu lemaire (diptera: psychodidae), the vector for leishmania major yakimoff and schokhor. | harmful effects of synthetic chemical insecticides including vector resistance, environmental pollution and health hazards have necessitated the current significance in the search for plant-based insecticide products that are environmentally safe and effective to leishmaniases control. the insecticidal activity of tagetes minuta linnaeus (asteraceae), acalypha fruticosa forssk (euphorbiaceae) and tarchonanthus camphoratus l. (compositae) extracts were investigated against phlebotomus duboscqi ne ... | 2010 | 20834087 |
| the protective effect against leishmania infection conferred by sand fly bites is limited to short-term exposure. | under laboratory conditions, hosts exposed twice to sand fly saliva are protected against severe leishmaniasis. however, people in endemic areas are exposed to the vector over a long term and may experience sand fly-free periods. therefore, we exposed mice long- or short-term to phlebotomus duboscqi bites, followed by leishmania major infection either immediately or after a sand fly-free period. we showed that protection against leishmaniasis is limited to short-term exposure to sand flies immed ... | 2011 | 21310158 |
| seasonality and prevalence of leishmania major infection in phlebotomus duboscqi neveu-lemaire from two neighboring villages in central mali. | phlebotomus duboscqi is the principle vector of leishmania major, the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl), in west africa and is the suspected vector in mali. although found throughout the country the seasonality and infection prevalence of p. duboscqi has not been established in mali. we conducted a three year study in two neighboring villages, kemena and sougoula, in central mali, an area with a leishmanin skin test positivity of up to 45%. during the first year, we evaluated the o ... | 2011 | 21572984 |
| first detection of leishmania major dna in sergentomyia (spelaeomyia) darlingi from cutaneous leishmaniasis foci in mali. | leishmania major complex is the main causative agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) in the old world. phlebotomus papatasi and phlebotomus duboscqi are recognized vectors of l. major complex in northern and southern sahara, respectively. in mali, zcl due to l. major is an emerging public health problem, with several cases reported from different parts of the country. the main objective of the present study was to identify the vectors of leishmania major in the bandiagara area, in mali ... | 2012 | 22276095 |
| the effect of avian blood on leishmania development in phlebotomus duboscqi. | the development of pathogens transmitted by haematophagous invertebrate vectors is closely connected with the digestion of bloodmeals and is thus affected by midgut enzymatic activity. some studies have demonstrated that avian blood inhibits leishmania major infection in the old world vector phlebotomus papatasi; however, this effect has never been observed in the new world vectors of the genus lutzomyia infected by other leishmania species. therefore, our study was focused on the effect of chic ... | 2013 | 24059328 |
| the mating competence of geographically diverse leishmania major strains in their natural and unnatural sand fly vectors. | invertebrate stages of leishmania are capable of genetic exchange during their extracellular growth and development in the sand fly vector. here we explore two variables: the ability of diverse l. major strains from across its natural range to undergo mating in pairwise tests; and the timing of the appearance of hybrids and their developmental stage associations within both natural (phlebotomus duboscqi) and unnatural (lutzomyia longipalpis) sand fly vectors. following co-infection of flies with ... | 2013 | 23935521 |
| the transcriptome of leishmania major developmental stages in their natural sand fly vector. | the life cycle of the leishmania parasite in the sand fly vector involves differentiation into several distinctive forms, each thought to represent an adaptation to specific microenvironments in the midgut of the fly. based on transcriptome sequencing (rna-seq) results, we describe the first high-resolution analysis of the transcriptome dynamics of four distinct stages of leishmania major as they develop in a natural vector, phlebotomus duboscqi the early transformation from tissue amastigotes t ... | 2017 | 28377524 |
| epidemiology of the outbreak, vectors and reservoirs of cutaneous leishmaniasis in mali: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | to compile available data and to estimate the burden, characteristics and risks factors of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in mali. | 2016 | 27794393 |
| efficacy of permethrin treated bed nets against leishmania major infected sand flies. | insecticide treated nets (itns) are a potential tool to help control sand flies and prevent leishmaniasis. however, little is currently known about the response of leishmania infected sand flies to itns. in this study, phlebotomus duboscqi sand flies were infected with the parasite leishmania major. infected and noninfected sand flies were then evaluated against permethrin treated and untreated bed nets in a laboratory assay that required sand flies to pass through suspended netting material to ... | 2015 | 26276941 |
| [study of phlebotomines sand fly wildlife suburban location of bamako (mali) presence of phlebotomus (phlebotomus) duboscqi]. | during three months of sampling, one thousand nine hundred and thirty five sand flies belonging to thirteen species of phlebotomine sandflies were collected in suburban location of bamako. phlebotomus duboscqi, which is the common vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in mali, was found for the first time in bamako mostly within human houses, which can confirm the possibility of a local transmission of leishmania major. sergentomyia freetownensis was found for the first time in mali, which raises to ... | 2015 | 25925813 |
| phlebotomus papatasi exposure cross-protects mice against leishmania major co-inoculated with phlebotomus duboscqi salivary gland homogenate. | leishmania parasites are inoculated into host skin together with sand fly saliva and multiple exposures to uninfected sand fly bites protect mice against leishmania infection. however, sand fly vectors differ in composition of the saliva and therefore the protection elicited by their salivary proteins was shown to be species-specific. on the other hand, the optimal vaccine based on sand fly salivary proteins should be based on conserved salivary proteins conferring cross-reactivity. in the prese ... | 2015 | 25597641 |
| the midgut microbiota plays an essential role in sand fly vector competence for leishmania major. | for many arthropod vectors, the diverse bacteria and fungi that inhabit the gut can negatively impact pathogen colonization. our attempts to exploit antibiotic treatment of colonized phlebotomus duboscqi sand flies in order to improve their vector competency for leishmania major resulted instead in flies that were refractory to the development of transmissible infections due to the inability of the parasite to survive and to colonize the anterior midgut with infective, metacyclic stage promastig ... | 2017 | 28580630 |