| traceback systems used during recent epizootics in asia. | traceback systems in most countries of asia are not well developed, as indicated by responses to a questionnaire by veterinary officials in thirteen countries. marking of animals for traceback is practised only in a limited number of countries in specific areas or zones and for specific purposes only. in malaysia, traceback has been undertaken by marking farm code tattoos on pigs. this enables the identification of the farm of origin of pigs found to be infected by nipah virus in sero-surveillan ... | 2001 | 11548530 |
| nipah virus encephalitis reemergence, bangladesh. | we retrospectively investigated two outbreaks of encephalitis in meherpur and naogaon, bangladesh, which occurred in 2001 and 2003. we collected serum samples from persons who were ill, their household contacts, randomly selected residents, hospital workers, and various animals. cases were classified as laboratory confirmed or probable. we identified 13 cases (4 confirmed, 9 probable) in meherpur; 7 were in persons in two households. patients were more likely than nonpatients to have close conta ... | 2004 | 15663842 |
| social and environmental risk factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. | fifty years ago, the age-old scourge of infectious disease was receding in the developed world in response to improved public health measures, while the advent of antibiotics, better vaccines, insecticides and improved surveillance held the promise of eradicating residual problems. by the late twentieth century, however, an increase in the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases was evident in many parts of the world. this upturn looms as the fourth major transition in human-microbe re ... | 2004 | 15577934 |
| a rapid immune plaque assay for the detection of hendra and nipah viruses and anti-virus antibodies. | rapid immune plaque assays have been developed to quantify biohazard level 4 agents hendra and nipah viruses and detect neutralising antibodies to both viruses. the methods rely on the fact that both viruses rapidly generate large syncytia in monolayers of vero cells within 24 h and that monospecific antiserum to the hendra virus phosphoprotein (p) detects that protein in both hendra and nipah virus-induced syncytia after methanol fixation of virus-infected cells. the p protein is a constituent ... | 2002 | 11684302 |
| transmission of human infection with nipah virus. | nipah virus (niv) is a paramyxovirus whose reservoir host is fruit bats of the genus pteropus. occasionally the virus is introduced into human populations and causes severe illness characterized by encephalitis or respiratory disease. the first outbreak of niv was recognized in malaysia, but 8 outbreaks have been reported from bangladesh since 2001. the primary pathways of transmission from bats to people in bangladesh are through contamination of raw date palm sap by bats with subsequent consum ... | 2009 | 19886791 |