| diversity of babesia infecting european sheep ticks (ixodes ricinus). | questing ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) adult and nymphal ticks collected in various parts of slovenia were tested for the presence of babesial parasites with a pcr assay based on the nuclear small subunit rrna gene (nss-ribosomal dna [rdna]). thirteen of 135 ticks were found to contain babesial dna. sequence determination and analysis of amplified portions of nss-rdna revealed their identity with babesia microti and a high degree of homology with babesia odocoilei and babesia divergens. the r ... | 2001 | 11526189 |
| ixodes (ixodes) scapularis (acari:ixodidae): redescription of all active stages, distribution, hosts, geographical variation, and medical and veterinary importance. | the blacklegged tick, ixodes (ixodes) scapularis say, 1821, is redescribed, based on laboratory reared specimens originating in bulloch county, georgia. information on distribution, host associations, morphological variation, and medical/veterinary importance is also presented. a great deal of recent work has focused on this species because it is the principal vector of the agent of lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmidt, hyde, steigerwaldt & brenner) in eastern north america. its d ... | 1996 | 8667375 |
| suppression of primary and secondary antibody responses and inhibition of antigen priming during babesia microti infections in mice. | the antibody response to sheep red blood cells (srbc) has been measured in c57bl mice infected with the intra-erythrocytic piroplasm babesia microti. the primary antibody response is severely reduced or abolished when antigen is administered at the time of maximum parasitaemia. the secondary antibody response of infected mice, which had been primed with srbc, is reduced but retains the characteristics of a secondary response. mice injected with srbc at maximum parasitaemia failed to become prime ... | 1983 | 6844029 |
| early lymphocyte trapping in malaria infections: a particulate antigen mediated phenomenon. | during the course of rodent malaria a marked decrease in the numbers of circulating lymphocytes within the peripheral blood occurred 2-4 days post-infection. monocytes and polymorphs did not show the same degree of decline. for both avirulent plasmodium yoelii and lethal plasmodium berghei infections lymphocyte numbers returned to control levels by day 6-8 post-infection. while these levels were maintained until clearance of p. yoelii infection, a sustained and abnormal increase occurred during ... | 1984 | 6387079 |
| [babesia microti and anaplasma phagocytophilum: two emerging zoonotic pathogens in europe and hungary]. | babesia microti and anaplasma phagocytophilum was recently reported with a minimum prevalence of 0.9 and 1.3% in hungary based on the pcr-sequencing analysis of 452 european sheep ticks (ixodes ricinus). these results and the epidemiological data of the neighbouring countries indicate that human cases caused by these pathogens may occur in the country. the aim of the present paper is to summarise the current knowledge on the morphology, life cycle and distribution of b. microti and a. phagocytop ... | 2005 | 15856623 |
| cultivation and phylogenetic characterization of a newly recognized human pathogenic protozoan. | an intraerythrocytic protozoan (wa1) recently isolated from a patient in washington state was shown to be morphologically identical to babesia microti but biologically and genetically distinct. continuous growth of wa1 was established in stationary erythrocyte cultures. hybridization of a chemiluminescent babesia-specific dna probe to southern blots of restriction enzyme-digested genomic dna showed that wa1 could be distinguished from other babesia species that were antigenically cross-reactive ... | 1994 | 8169390 |
| babesia--a historical overview. | the history of the genus babesia is briefly outlined. the classical differences with the main other genus of non-pigment-forming hemoparasites, theileria, are the absence of extra-erythrocytic multiplication (schizogony) in babesia and the cycle in the vector tick, which includes transovarial transmission in babesia but only transstadial transmission in theileria. also, the multiplication in the red cell of babesia, by budding, most often results in two daughter cells (merozoites), while that of ... | 2006 | 16513280 |
| delayed-type hypersensitivity to babesia microti-infected erythrocytes in mice. | strong delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) to babesia microti was elicited when intraerythrocytic parasites (iep) were inoculated subcutaneously into the flank of normal mice 6 to 14 days before challenge in the ipsilateral footpad with 10(8) iep. intraperitoneal or intravenous administration of antigen did not sensitize mice for dth. when challenge was given 21 days after immunization, the response was approximately half of the maximum and then rose again slowly over the next 3 weeks to levels ... | 1986 | 3757050 |
| prostaglandin-mediated suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity to infected erythrocytes during babesia microti infection in mice. | the mechanism of suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) to intraerythrocytic babesia microti which occurs during infection in mice was examined. the suppression was not specific for anti-parasite dth; infected mice immunized and challenged with sheep red blood cells had a similar depression of anti-sheep red blood cell dth. sublethal or lethal irradiation did not significantly alter the suppression of the dth response, and cyclophosphamide pretreatment of infected mice also had no ef ... | 1986 | 2944617 |