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an immunohistochemical study of the pneumonia caused by peste des petits ruminants virus.ten goats were inoculated with peste des petits ruminants virus, a paramyxovirus closely related to rinderpest virus. all goats developed severe clinical disease, 8/10 having coughing or dyspnea as prominent clinical signs. in addition, all of the goats had stomatitis and diarrhea. histopathologic and immunohistochemical studies were done only on the respiratory tracts. pathologic changes ranged from mild multifocal bronchiolitis and bronchitis to severe bronchointerstitial pneumonia. lesions we ...19912063517
isolation of peste des petits ruminants from goats in saudi arabia. 19902238415
pathogenicity of attenuated peste des petits ruminants virus in sheep and goats.progressive loss of virulence for goat kids was noticed when peste des petits ruminants (ppr) virus was passaged in vero cells. while goats inoculated with the 60th passage suffered from the clinical ppr disease and mortality, goats inoculated with the 80th passage did not show any sign of the disease. if the progressive loss of virulence of the virus with passage continues, it will not be long before a homologous ppr vaccine will be obtained at the national veterinary institute, vom.19902263739
duration of maternal immunity to peste des petits ruminants. 19892773199
use of the caprinised strain of rinderpest virus for potency testing an attenuated cell culture rinderpest vaccine.the caprinised strain of rinderpest virus was inoculated into goats to produce a challenge stock. these goats were kept with control animals (goats, sheep, calves). in this trial the caprinised strain was shown to have a mild pathogenicity for goats and it spread to one of two contact goats but not from goats to other species. the caprinised strain was then tested on cattle where a febrile reaction was observed. the caprinised strain also did not spread between cattle. the cattle vaccinated with ...19883041655
application of a precipitinogen inhibition test in the detection of antibody to peste des petits ruminants virus. 19873444960
a recent outbreak of rinderpest in east africa.rinderpest was brought under control in kenya in 1976 but in april 1986 an outbreak of the disease occurred in cattle in western kenya, five kilometres from the kenya-uganda border. this was the first confirmed field outbreak of the disease in kenya after a lull of over 10 years. clinical disease was confined to unvaccinated zebu calves aged six to eight months from which rinderpest virus was isolated. high titres of antibodies to rinderpest virus were demonstrated in sera collected from sheep a ...19873660452
continuing presence of rinderpest virus as a threat in east africa, 1983-1985.the re-emergence of rinderpest virus in east africa in 1979 caused widespread outbreaks of disease and subclinical infection throughout the region until mid-1983. subsequent massive emergency vaccination campaigns have been successful in eliminating clinical rinderpest from tanzania and preventing its spread southwards. unfortunately the virus is still endemic in north-eastern uganda and has recently caused epidemic outbreaks with high mortality in cattle in that country. in kenya, buffaloes (sy ...19873824842
the differential growth of virulent and avirulent strains of rinderpest virus in bovine lymphocytes and macrophages.rinderpest virus (rv) grew readily in cultures of purified bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes and udder macrophages. the growth of three strains of rv was compared and there appeared to be a relationship between increasing virulence and increased ability to infect lymphocytes and macrophages. the proportion of infected cells as determined by the presence of virus antigens was a better indicator of affinity between a strain and cell type than production of new infectious virus. rv grew better in ...19853873515
simple and rapid dot-enzyme immunoassay for visual detection of rinderpest antibodies in bovine and caprine sera.a modified solid phase enzyme immunoassay (eia) is described for visual detection of anti-rinderpest virus (rpv) antibodies in cattle and goat sera. dots of rpv antigens were adsorbed to nitrocellulose (nc) paper (hence dot-eia) and the adsorptive reactive sites were blocked with skim milk powder. after immersion in bovine or caprine test serum bound antibodies were reacted with a peroxidase-conjugated anti-bovine or anti-caprine igg (h & l), respectively. positive reactions were easily visualiz ...19863544400
the detection of peste des petits ruminants (ppr) virus antigen by agar gel precipitation test and counter-immunoelectrophoresis.the detectability of peste des petits ruminants (ppr) viral antigen in both ante-mortem secretions and necropsy samples from experimentally infected goats was investigated by both the agar gel precipitation test (agpt) and counter-immunoelectrophoresis (cie). viral antigen was detected from 42.6% of the samples tested by the agpt and 80.3% by cie. the detection of viral antigen in a high proportion of the ocular and nasal secretions as well as the faeces and buccal scrapings, particularly from t ...19846512258
precipitating antibody in sera of goats naturally affected with peste des petits ruminants. 19827101469
an outbreak of peste des petits ruminants in a zoological collection.peste des petits ruminants virus was suspected to be the cause of a disease outbreak in a zoological collection at al ain in the arabian gulf. clinically the outbreak affected gazelles (gazellinae), ibex and sheep (caprinae) and gemsbok (hippotraginae); subclinical involvement of nilgai (tragelaphinae) was suspected. a morbillivirus was isolated and using monoclonal antibodies and biological tests in cattle, sheep and goats the virus of peste des petits ruminants was identified.19873424615
experimental peste des petits ruminants (goat plague) in goats and sheep.in order to study the pathomorphology and immunohistochemistry of peste des petits ruminants, four goats and two sheep were inoculated intranasally with the malig-yemen strain of peste des petits ruminants virus. the animals developed fever, nasal discharge, oral erosions, cough and diarrhea. one goat and one sheep died and one moribund goat was killed. three animals survived the infection. at necropsy, erosive stomatitis, pneumonia and gastroenteritis were found. histopathologically the pneumon ...19883280108
differential immunohistochemical staining of peste des petits ruminants and rinderpest antigens in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. 19947516718
prevalence of rinderpest antibodies in sheep and goats in southern india.rinderpest antibodies were demonstrated in 37 per cent of 2400 sheep and 29.5 per cent of 1000 goats in the southern states of india by the avidin-biotin enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique. this technique, besides quantifying rinderpest antibodies, has provided a simple method for the differentiation of positive and negative serum samples on the basis of the development of a pink colour, a great advantage in the screening of large numbers of sera for field epidemiological studies. the p ...19883212917
protection of goats against peste des petits ruminants with recombinant capripoxviruses expressing the fusion and haemagglutinin protein genes of rinderpest virus.goats were protected against a lethal challenge of peste des petits ruminants (ppr) virus following vaccination with a recombinant capripoxvirus containing either the fusion (f) gene of rinderpest virus or the haemagglutinin (h) gene of rinderpest virus. the h gene recombinant produced high titres of neutralizing antibody to rinderpest virus in the vaccinated goats, whereas the f gene recombinant failed to stimulate detectable levels of neutralizing antibody. a similar response to the two recomb ...19957762275
capripoxvirus-based multivaccines. 19957796952
peste des petits ruminants and cost effectiveness of its prevention in niger. 19883148274
development and distribution of rinderpest virus antigen in experimentally infected goats.three goats, experimentally infected with rinderpest virus were examined for the development and distribution of precipitating antigens in various tissues and secretions using the agar gel immunodiffusion test. virus antigens were detected in ocular secretions and lymph node biopsies from the second to the fourth and fifth days of pyrexia, respectively, but were not detected in nasal secretions. precipitating antigens were demonstrated in various lymphoid organs, the lung and abomasum of a goat ...19883140470
dot enzyme immunoassay for visual detection of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus antigen from infected caprine tissues.an enzyme-linked immunosorbent microassay using nitrocellulose paper as the solid-phase support was developed for the detection of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus antigens in infected caprine tissue homogenates. dots of tissue homogenates were applied to nitrocellulose papers, and any unreacted sites were blocked with 5% skim milk powder in triethanolamine-buffered saline. after incubation of the papers in tissue culture supernatant monoclonal antibody against the peste-des-petits-ruminants vir ...19892674200
surveillance and monitoring programmes in the control of rinderpest: a review. 19892665257
[attenuation of a strain of rinderpest virus: potential homologous live vaccine].peste des petits ruminants (ppr) is a highly contagious disease of small ruminants frequently associated with severe mortality in these hosts. in countries where it occurs, ppr represents an important constraint to the improved productivity of sheep and goats. until now the only way to combat this plague has been the use of heterologous rinderpest vaccine; all attempts to develop a homologous vaccine have ended in failure. the present communication describes the attenuation of the nigerian strai ...19892485537
protection of goats against rinderpest by vaccination with attenuated peste des petits ruminants virus.the ability of the attenuated peste des petits ruminants vaccine virus to protect small ruminants against virulent rinderpest virus was investigated. out of four susceptible goats that were infected with the highly virulent saudi strain of rinderpest virus by intranasal ioculation, three developed mild clinical signs of disease and infected susceptible in-contact goats and cattle with rinderpest virus. however, four goats which had been vaccinated with the attenuated peste des petits ruminants v ...19958525096
microneutralisation systems for use with different strains of peste des petits ruminants virus and rinderpest virus.comparative studies were made to determine the most suitable microtitration system for assaying strains of peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) and rinderpest virus (rv). infectivity titres did not differ significantly when assayed in either calf kidney, sheep kidney or vero cells. however, cytopathic effects were much easier to detect in the latter making them the cell of choice. addition of small amounts of virus to preformed cell monolayers in microplates with the subsequent addition of ma ...19852411037
[first- time isolation of the peste des petits ruminants (ppr) virus in chad and experimental induction of the disease].in chad, in 1993-1994, investigation into "peste des petits ruminants" (ppr) outbreaks were carried out in flocks of sahelian goats. although in the early 1993 outbreaks the virus had not been isolated yet, a serological prevalence (34%) was observed using elisa test in 475 sera collected in the infested area. the virus was then isolated for the first time in chad and typical ppr cases were observed in sahelian goats, known to be little sensitive to the virus. to experimentally induce the diseas ...19958734226
the production of peste des petits ruminants hyperimmune sera in rabbits and their application in virus diagnosis.hyperimmune sera were produced by serial inoculation of rabbits with vero cell-adapted, sucrose gradient-purified nigerian peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) isolate. two antisera produced, neutralized the homologous pprv but not the heterologous rinderpest kabette "o" virus. the antisera gave strong precipitin lines with purified pprv antigens and were used to detect pprv and rinderpest virus antigens from ante-mortem secretions and post-mortem tissue homogenates from ppr and rinderpest vi ...19902396483
a serological survey of rinderpest antibody in wildlife and sheep and goats in northern tanzania.an extensive serological survey for rinderpest antibody in wildlife, principally buffalo (syncerus caffer), and sheep and goats has been undertaken in the previously endemic region of northern tanzania to determine whether or not the virus has continued to cycle in susceptible species since the last occurrence of overt disease in 1982. the results show that infection but not disease has occurred at least until 1987 in buffalo in parts of the serengeti national park but not in the other game area ...19902384143
the serological response to a thermostable vero cell-adapted rinderpest vaccine under field conditions in niger.a lyophilized thermostable vero cell-adapted ringerpest vaccine, stabilized with lactalbumin hydrolysate and sucrose, was tested for safety, serological response and suitability for use with an abbreviated cold chain under field conditions in niger. a total of 480 cattle, 90 goats and 55 sheep of unknown serological status were vaccinated on government ranches and observed for at least 22 days. no untoward effects of the vaccine were detected. the serological response to the vaccine stored at en ...19902353442
observations on the pathogenicity for sheep and goats and the transmissibility of the strain of virus isolated during the rinderpest outbreak in sri lanka in 1987.the pathogenicity for sheep and goats of the virus strain that caused acute rinderpest in cattle and domestic buffalo in sri lanka after an interval of over 40 years has been examined. the results show that it can cause overt clinical disease in goats, but only mild or unapparent infection in sheep. the disease was transmitted from infected sheep to in-contact susceptible sheep and calves.19902316182
evidence of identification of peste des petits ruminants from goats in egypt.peste des petits ruminants virus was isolated from young goats in an outbreak of the disease for the first time in egypt. affected goats showed symptoms simulating rinderpest, disease in cattle. the mortality rate was about 30%, and morbidity reached 90%. history, clinical symptoms, postmortem lesions, and diagnosis were discussed.19902241482
development of a genetically marked recombinant rinderpest vaccine expressing green fluorescent protein.in order to effectively control and eliminate rinderpest, a method is required to allow serological differentiation between animals that have been vaccinated and those which have recovered from natural infection. one way of doing this would be to engineer the normal vaccine to produce a genetically marked rinderpest virus (rpv) vaccine. we constructed two modified cdna clones of the rpv rbok vaccine strain with the coding sequence of the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene inserted as a potenti ...200010675408
optimal time for vaccination against peste des petits ruminants (ppr) disease in goats in humid tropical zone in southern nigeria.investigation of the incidence of peste des petits ruminants (ppr) disease in goats revealed seasonality in the natural occurrence of ppr disease in the environment. tissue culture rinderpest vaccine was shown effective in protecting goats against the disease. the optimal time for vaccinating goats against ppr disease was when the least number of animals were incubating the disease. in the tropical humid zone, as in west africa, the optimal time for vaccination against the ppr disease is from la ...19902134153
improved technique for transient expression and negative strand virus rescue using fowlpox t7 recombinant virus in mammalian cells.the suitability of recombinant t7 polymerase produced using either the highly attenuated mva strain of vaccinia (mva-t7) or fowlpox virus (fp-t7) for transient expression and negative strand virus rescue was compared in two mammalian cell lines (mdbk and vero) and in primary cells of bovine, ovine and caprine origin. such primary cells are more permissive for the growth of wild type strains of morbilliviruses, such as rinderpest virus and peste des petits ruminants virus. mva-t7 was found to be ...200010996645
the epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants in the sultanate of oman.virological and serological evidence was obtained to show that peste des petits ruminants virus was widely distributed in omani sheep and goats. there was no evidence for the concomitant presence of rinderpest virus in these species. two virus isolates were classified as peste des petits ruminants virus on the basis of their pathogenicity in experimental animals and their specific hybridisation with nucleic acid probes. however, neutralisation tests and polyacrylamide gel analysis of their nucle ...19902114052
pathogenicity of peste des petits ruminants virus isolated from egyptian goats in egypt.2 egyptian goats and boscat rabbits were experimentally inoculated with peste des petits ruminants (ppr) local egyptian strain (ppr, egypt 87). the inoculated animals contracted the disease with minor clinical manifestations, accompanied by rise of neutralizing antibodies to ppr virus. virus was isolated from ocular and nasal secretions, buffy coat, spleen, and liver. no contact infection was observed between inoculated and healthy goats.19902096796
serological evidence of peste des petits ruminants in jordan. 19912024417
a competitive elisa using anti-n monoclonal antibodies for specific detection of rinderpest antibodies in cattle and small ruminants.a competitive elisa (c-elisa) using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) which bind to the nucleo-protein (np) of rinderpest virus (rpv) for detection of rpv antibodies in cattle and small ruminant sera is described. unlike virus neutralisation test (vnt), this test using mab ivb2-4, can detect specific rpv antibodies without showing a cross-reaction with antibodies to peste-des-petits ruminants-virus (pprv); by contrast, when mab ve4-1 is used the test detects both rpv and pprv antibodies, including lo ...19921626365
observations on rinderpest in kenya, 1986-1989.rinderpest was confirmed in kenya in 1986, 1987, 1988 and 1989. three epidemiologically distinct events appear to have occurred: repeated outbreaks in west pokot district related to cross-border movement of stock, an outbreak in marsabit district in 1987 (thought to have been caused by illegal movement of cattle, possibly in vehicles, from countries further north) and a series of related outbreaks in and near nairobi between 1988 and 1989 due to the unauthorized movement from abattoirs and holdi ...19921472724
prevalence, distribution, and host range of peste des petits ruminants virus, turkey.peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv, genus morbillivirus), which causes a severe disease in sheep and goats, has only recently been officially declared to be present in turkey. we carried out a study to determine the prevalence, distribution, and host range of pprv in turkey. a total of 1,607 animals, reared in 18 different locations, were monitored for the presence of antibodies to pprv and the related virus of large ruminants, rinderpest virus (rpv). only two farms had animals that were fre ...200212095439
improved isolation of rinderpest virus in transformed bovine t lymphoblast cell lines.bovine t lymphoblast cell lines transformed by the protozoan theileria parva were compared with bovine kidney (bk) and vero cells for their ability to isolate various strains of rinderpest virus from tissues and infected secretions. all of the strains of rinderpest virus that were tested, including attenuated cell-culture, caprinised and lapinised vaccines, and both mild and virulent pathogenic strains, readily induced syncytial cytopathic effect (cpe) in t lymphoblasts. the cpe could often be d ...19921410806
serum-virus simultaneous method of immunisation against peste des petits ruminants.peste des petits ruminants (ppr) hyperimmune serum was prepared in cattle and used to protect goats against ppr. the serum was well tolerated by goats and 8 ml of serum was found to protect goats against 4 ml of pooled virulent ppr virus. a durable active immunity was conferred on goats when serum and virulent ppr virus were given simultaneously. passive immunity lasted for 15 days.19846485097
serological studies with peste des petits ruminants and rinderpest viruses in nigeria.one hundred and ninety-five goat and 67 sheep sera collected from various parts of southern nigeria were screened for neutralising antibodies to both the peste des petits ruminants (ppr) and rinderpest viruses. neutralising antibodies against both viruses were found in the sheep and goat sera examined. parallel titration of samples which neutralised both viruses indicated a primary infection with the ppr virus (pprv). however, some samples which failed to neutralise pprv neutralised the rinderpe ...19846485096
isolation of peste des petits ruminants virus from the sudan.based on clinical signs, the presence of a rinderpest related antigen and the ability of rinderpest immune serum to prevent virus isolation, rinderpest was diagnosed in two outbreaks in goats in central sudan during 1971 and 1972. two viruses isolated from these goats have been re-examined both serologically and by the inoculation of experimental cattle, sheep and goats. each is now considered to represent the virus of peste des petits ruminants, thereby extending the geographical range of this ...19846200906
neutralising antibodies to rinderpest virus in sheep and goats in western kenya. 19827157610
safety of tissue culture rinderpest vaccine in pregnant goats. 19817292614
rapid competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to peste des petits ruminants virus.peste des petits ruminants (ppr) is a contagious viral disease of small ruminants that is of economic importance in africa, the middle east, and asia. we developed a rapid competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (rapid c-elisa) for the diagnosis and surveillance of ppr. this assay detects ppr virus (pprv) antibodies in serum samples by quantifying the amount of monoclonal antibody (mab) p-3h12 after 30 min of incubation of a serum-mab conjugate mixture on plates coated with a pprv recombin ...200515817764
development of a competitive elisa for detecting antibodies to the peste des petits ruminants virus using a recombinant nucleoprotein.a competitive elisa based on the reaction between a monoclonal antibody (mab) and a recombinant nucleoprotein of the peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) was developed. this protein was obtained in large quantities from insect cells infected with a ppr nucleoprotein recombinant baculovirus (n-b). the competitive elisa was compared with the virus neutralisation test (vnt) for detecting specific antibodies to pprv in sheep and goats. the time consuming vnt is the only prescribed test that is ca ...19957709061
evaluation of novel diagnostic tools for peste des petits ruminants virus in naturally infected goat herds.a survey was carried out in two goat herds during a single peste des petits ruminant (ppr) outbreak. clinical examination showed that animals belonging to the west african dwarf species had severe symptoms while those belonging to the west african long-legged species had mild symptoms. to confirm and to monitor the disease in each species, the study required specific monoclonal antibody-based diagnostic tools. an association of shedding of ppr virus (pprv) and acute or mild clinical signs of the ...200516050518
the detection of antibodies against peste des petits ruminants virus in cattle, sheep and goats and the possible implications to rinderpest control programmes.monoclonal antibody-based competitive elisa (c-elisa) have been used for the specific measurement of antibodies to both rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants (ppr) viruses in cattle, sheep and goats. examination of serum samples from sheep and goats in gambia, before and after vaccination with rinderpest vaccine, suggested that antibodies to ppr virus could prevent an immune response to the rinderpest vaccine. cattle sera from nigeria and ghana showed a high prevalence of antibody against pp ...19948119361
immunomodulatory properties of morbillivirus nucleoproteins.morbillivirus infections have been known for a long time to be associated with an acute immunosuppression in their natural hosts. here, we show that recombinant morbillivirus nucleoproteins from canine distemper virus, peste-des-petits-ruminants virus, and rinderpest virus bind b-lymphocytes from dogs, goats, and cattle, respectively, similarly to measles virus nucleoprotein in humans. the use of surface plasmon resonance imaging allowed the real time detection of differential interactions betwe ...200616817775
protection of goats against peste des petits ruminants with a vaccinia virus double recombinant expressing the f and h genes of rinderpest virus.peste des petits ruminants (ppr) is a viral disease of goats and sheep characterized by necrotizing and erosive stomatitis, enteritis and pneumonia. the causative agent, pprv, is a member of the family paramyxoviridae and the genus morbillivirus. other members of the genus include rinderpest (rpv), measles, canine distemper and phocid distemper viruses. ppr has a very high rate of morbidity and mortality, and effective control of this disease is of economic importance in africa, asia and the mid ...19938212844
rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants-like disease in the al-ain region of the united arab emirates.the author demonstrates that rinderpest prevailed among the cattle population in the al-ain region of the united arab emirates from 1987 to 1989. a total of twenty-four outbreaks of rinderpest were recorded during the study period. similarly, evidence of the peste des petits ruminants (ppr) or a ppr-like disease was regularly encountered in small ruminants in a total of forty-one outbreaks.19938219335
the use of thermostable vero cell-adapted rinderpest vaccine as a heterologous vaccine against peste des petits ruminants.the thermostable vero cell-adapted rinderpest vaccine was evaluated in terms of immunogenicity as a heterologous vaccine against peste des petits ruminants. a titration to establish the minimum immunising dose was performed in american mixed breed goats by vaccinating test subjects with dilutions of vero cell-adapted rinderpest vaccine and then challenging 26 days later with virulent peste des petits ruminants virus. all animals were followed for virus neutralising antibodies against both rinder ...19938460262
monoclonal antibody-based blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for specific detection and titration of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus antibody in caprine and ovine sera.a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (b-elisa), using two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs), was established and compared with the virus neutralization test (vnt) for detecting specific peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (pprv) antibody in caprine and ovine sera. this technique was developed because vnt, the only available specific serological test for pprv and the cross-reactive rinderpest virus (rpv), is time-consuming and unaffordable for most laboratories in regions where both ...19938501207
recent developments in the diagnosis of rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants.effective implementation of control measures for rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants requires that a proper and rapid diagnosis of the disease is made. peste de petits ruminants (ppr) can be confused clinically with other infections such as pasteurellosis or contagious ecthyma. rinderpest, in its classical form, is easy to identify clinically; however, mass vaccination in many countries and also the emergence of mild strains of the virus have made clinical diagnosis more difficult. clinica ...19958588326
evaluation of polymerase chain reaction for the detection and characterisation of rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants viruses for epidemiological studies.the high sequence variability found in rna viruses makes it difficult to design primers for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction amplification which will be certain to work with all new field isolates. to overcome this problem for the detection and differential diagnosis of rinderpest (rp) and peste des petits ruminants (ppr) viruses (v), we have designed several sets of primers, based on well-conserved sequences in the p and f genes. analysis of a large number of field isolates from ...19958837881
adaptation of caprinised rinderpest virus to grow in vero cells in vitro.caprinised rinderpest virus gtv strain (gtv) was adapted to grow in vero cells (vgtv) by polyethylene glycol-mediated fusion of infected goat spleenocytes with non-infected vero cells. the usual methods of infection of cell culture, i.e. virus adsorption or co-cultivation, were not successful. vgtv-induced cytopathic changes in vero cells were similar to those reported for rinderpest virus. virus titers increased with the passage number but the virulence for goats decreased. immunoblot analysis ...19968886098
[epidemiology of rinderpest and cattle plague in mali: serological surveys].within the epidemiological surveillance of rinderpest in mali a serological survey has been carried out on 58 herds of small ruminants. out of 567 tested sera for the detection of antibodies against rinderpest 2 were positive. these sera were collected from two animals over 6 years old, probably infected during the last outbreak of rinderpest in mali in 1986. therefore, it can be assumed that the rinderpest virus has not circulated in mali since that year. however, the infection rate among goats ...19969239932
immunizing effect of vaccinia virus expressing the nucleoprotein of rinderpest virus on systemic rinderpest virus infection in rabbits.a recombinant vaccinia virus (rvv) expressing the nucleoprotein (np) of rinderpest virus (rpv) was examined in rabbits for the involvement of the np protein in protection from the rpv infection. despite their production of anti-np antibody, the rvv-immunized rabbits succumbed to the rpv challenge, although there was a slight delay in the onset of disease after the low-dose challenge. on the other hand, the animals immunized with rvv expressing the hemagglutinin (h) protein of the rpv were comple ...19989611679
rinderpest antibody detected in sheep and goats before an outbreak of rinderpest reported in cattle in northern tanzania.in january 1997, serum samples from 1346 adult sheep and goats were tested by a competitive elisa to determine the prevalence of rinderpest in the northern zone of tanzania. seroconversion rates of 20%, 13%, 9%, 7% and 3% in sheep and goats were recorded in ngorongoro, monduli, hai, arumeru and simanjiro districts, respectively. the low profile and insidious nature of the rinderpest virus involved caused very mild disease in cattle in some of these area. the mild signs associated with this outbr ...199910399812
recovery and characterization of a chimeric rinderpest virus with the glycoproteins of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus: homologous f and h proteins are required for virus viability.rinderpest (rp) and peste-des-petits-ruminants (ppr) are two important diseases of domestic ruminants. to improve on currently available vaccines against ppr, we have created cdna copies of the rp virus genome in which either the fusion (f) or hemagglutinin (h) gene, or both, was replaced with the corresponding gene from ppr virus. it was necessary to develop a modified rescue system in which the t7 rna polymerase was provided by a recombinant fowlpox virus and the entire rescue procedure took p ...200010982348
development and evaluation of a monoclonal antibody based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of rinderpest virus antibodies.a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been standardised for the detection of antibodies to rinderpest virus in sera from cattle, sheep and goats. the test uses a neutralising monoclonal antibody (mab) directed against the haemagglutinin protein of rinderpest virus. the test is specific for rinderpest, as it failed to detect antibodies to peste des petits ruminants virus in convalescent goat sera. a 45% inhibition of the binding of the mab to the antigen was used as the cut-off poin ...200011107618
host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals.the majority of human emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, with viruses that originate in wild mammals of particular concern (for example, hiv, ebola and sars). understanding patterns of viral diversity in wildlife and determinants of successful cross-species transmission, or spillover, are therefore key goals for pandemic surveillance programs. however, few analytical tools exist to identify which host species are likely to harbour the next human virus, or which viruses can cross species ...201728636590
immune responses in goats to recombinant hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of peste des petits ruminants virus: identification of a t cell determinant.peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv), a member of the genus morbillivirus within the family paramyxoviridae, causes a fatal disease 'peste des petits ruminants' in goats and sheep. this enveloped virus is antigenically closely related to rinderpest virus (rpv), which causes a similar but distinct disease in large ruminants. pprv harbors two major surface glycoproteins, the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) and the fusion (f) proteins. the surface glycoproteins of morbilliviruses are highly imm ...200111535334
the use of antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the diagnosis of rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants in ethiopia.rinderpest had been reported in most parts of ethiopia when the pan african rinderpest campaign (parc) was launched. as a result of intensive disease investigation and strategic vaccination, most parts of the country are now considered provisionally free, and widespread vaccination has been replaced by clinical and serological surveillance. details of any episodes of disease are recorded and followed up after laboratory confirmation of suspected cass using antigen-capture elisa. this paper is ba ...200111556621
rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants viruses exhibit neurovirulence in mice.members of the morbillivirus genus, canine distemper (cdv), phocine distemper virus (pdv), and the cetacean viruses of dolphins and porpoises exhibit high levels of cns infection in their natural hosts. cns complications are rare for measles virus (mv) and are not associated with rinderpest virus (rpv) and peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) infection. however, it is possible that all morbilliviruses infect the cns but in some hosts are rapidly cleared by the immune response. in this study, ...200211847591
inhibition of in vitro leukocyte proliferation by morbilliviruses.immune suppression associated with morbillivirus infections may influence the mortality rate by allowing secondary bacterial infections that are lethal to the host to flourish. using an in vitro proliferation assay, we have shown that all members of the genus morbillivirus inhibit the proliferation of a human b-lymphoblast cell line (bjab). proliferation of freshly isolated, stimulated bovine and caprine peripheral blood lymphocytes is also inhibited by uv-inactivated rinderpest (rpv) and peste- ...200211884584
monoclonal antibody-based competitive elisa for simultaneous detection of rinderpest virus and peste des petits ruminants virus antibodies.an experimental competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (morbillivirus celisa) using a recombinant n antigen (rrpv n) expressed in a baculovirus and a ruminant morbillivirus (rpv and pprv)-specific monoclonal antibody (p-13a9) was developed for simultaneous detection of rinderpest virus (rpv) and peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) antibodies and its diagnostic performance was evaluated. a set of known reference antisera against rpv and pprv belonging to different lineages, experimenta ...200314516703
pathological and immunohistochemical study of experimental peste des petits ruminants virus infection in goats.peste des petits ruminants (ppr) is an emerging, economically important viral disease of goats and sheep in the indian subcontinent. in the present investigation, 15 hill goats were experimentally infected with 2 ml of 10% splenic suspension of a virulent isolate of ppr virus (ppr/izatnagar/94) that had caused heavy mortality (>75%) in goats during 1994 outbreaks in northern india. more than 86% (13 of 15) animals died between 9 and 13 days post inoculation at the height of temperature or when t ...200415228548
vaccination for the control of peste des petits ruminants. 200415742621
development of a n gene-based pcr-elisa for detection of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus in clinical samples.a highly sensitive n gene-based pcr-elisa for the detection of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (pprv) was developed. the rt-pcr yielded a digoxigenin (dig)-labeled product of 336 bp comprising a sequence from pprv n gene, which was then detected by elisa. the assay could detect the viral rna in pprv-infected tissue culture fluids with a titer as low as 0.1 tcid(50)/ml. the assay is 10,000 times more sensitive than a classical rt-pcr combined with agarose gel electrophoresis. the assay could det ...200415745048
full genome sequence of peste des petits ruminants virus, a member of the morbillivirus genus.peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) causes an acute febrile illness in small ruminant species, mostly sheep and goats. pprv is a member of the morbillivirus genus which includes measles, rinderpest (cattle plague), canine distemper, phocine distemper and the morbilliviruses found in whales, porpoises and dolphins. full length genome sequences for these morbilliviruses are available and reverse genetic rescue systems have been developed for the viruses of terrestrial mammals, with the excepti ...200515845262
matrix protein and glycoproteins f and h of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus function better as a homologous complex.the matrix (m) protein of paramyxoviruses forms an inner coat to the viral envelope and serves as a bridge between the surface glycoproteins (f and h) and the ribonucleoprotein core. previously, a marker vaccine (rpv-pprfh) was produced for the control of peste des petits ruminants (ppr) disease, where the f and h genes of rinderpest virus (rpv) were replaced with the equivalent genes from peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (pprv); however, this virus grew poorly in tissue culture. the poor growth ...200616760405
one-step multiplex rt-pcr assay for the detection of peste des petits ruminants virus in clinical samples.a single-tube one-step multiplex rt-pcr was standardized to amplify both 337 bp and 191 bp fragments of n and m genes of peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv), respectively, and only a 337 bp fragment of n gene of rinderpest virus (rpv). the rt-pcr using purified viral rna was easily adopted for direct detection of pprv in clinical field samples and its differentiation from rpv. the amplified n and m gene products were confirmed to be pprv- and rpv-specific by their size in 1.5% agarose gel an ...200616838207
control of peste des petits ruminants and poverty alleviation?peste des petits ruminants (ppr) is a contagious and often fatal viral disease of sheep and goats and also wild small ruminants. the ppr virus is distinct from but closely related to rinderpest virus and both belong to the morbivillivirus genus within the family paramyxoviridae. ppr is a contagious transboundary disease with a significant impact on rural poor farmers. its control should therefore be considered in programs that aim at alleviating poverty in developing countries.200617123358
observations on rinderpest and rinderpest-like diseases throughout west and central african countries during rinderpest eradication projects.between 1998 and 2005, the regional reference laboratory at bingerville (ivory-coast) received samples for analysis from western and central african countries. from a total of 606 sera; 65 tissue samples and 75 swabs received, no rinderpest virus or specific gene products or antibodies against rinderpest were detected. use of the pcr on the tissue and swabs (total of 140 samples) identified the genomic presence of bvd (4/140), mcf (2/140), ibr (1/140) and fmd (6/140) viruses. these cause disease ...200717316721
reverse genetics for peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (pprv): promoter and protein specificities.peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (pprv) (family paramyxoviridae, genus morbillivirus) causes an acute febrile illness in sheep and goats resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in infected herds. the paramyxoviruses all have negative sense, non-segmented rna genomes and their host range and pathogenic determinants have been extensively studied using reverse genetics. this technology also enables a more rational approach to be taken with respect to vaccine design. in order to initiate th ...200717350130
development of 2 types of competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies to the rinderpest virus using a monoclonal antibody for a specific region of the hemagglutinin protein.a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-elisa) has been developed and standardized for the detection of antibodies to the rinderpest virus (rpv) in sera from cattle, sheep, and goats. the test is specific for rinderpest because it does not detect antibodies to peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (pprv). the test depends on the ability of the monoclonal antibody (mab) directed against the hemagglutinin (h) protein of rpv to compete with the binding of rpv antibodies in the positive serum ...200717668032
detection of peste des petits ruminants virus antigen using immunofiltration and antigen-competition elisa methods.peste des petits ruminants (ppr) is one of the most economically important diseases affecting sheep and goats in india. an immunofiltration-based test has been developed using either mono-specific serum/monoclonal antibodies (mab) prepared against a recombinant truncated nucleocapsid protein of rinderpest virus (rpv) cross-reactive with ppr virus. this method consists of coating ocular swab eluate from suspected animals onto a nitrocellulose membrane housed in a plastic module, which is allowed ...200818182256
development of one-step real-time rt-pcr assay for detection and quantitation of peste des petits ruminants virus.in this study, a rapid and specific taqman-based, one-step real-time quantitative reverse transcription pcr (qrt-pcr) has been described for the detection of peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv). primers and probe were designed based on the nucleocapsid protein gene sequence. the real-time qrt-pcr assay was able to detect pprv isolates from very distinct geographical areas (africa, middle east and asia). the specificity of the assay was assessed by including rinderpest virus and other morbill ...200818243345
the detection of antibody against peste des petits ruminants virus in sheep, goats, cattle and buffaloes.monoclonal antibody-based competitive elisa (c-elisa) has been used for the specific measurement of antibodies to peste des petits ruminants (ppr) viruses in sheep, goats, cattle and buffalo. serum samples from sheep (n = 232), goats (n = 428), cattle (n = 43), buffalo (n = 89) were tested. the animals had not been vaccinated against rinderpest or ppr. findings suggested that the sero-positive cases were significantly higher in sheep (51.29%) than in goats (39.02%) (p = 0.002). the overall sero- ...200818716909
rapid detection of peste des petits ruminants virus by a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay.peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) is the causative agent of peste des petits ruminants (ppr), an economically important viral disease of small ruminants. in this report, a one-step, single-tube, reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay was developed for the detection of pprv. a set of six lamp primers were designed based on the matrix gene sequence of pprv to amplify the target rna by incubation at 63°c for 60min with bst dna polymerase and reverse trans ...201020813134
simultaneous detection of rift valley fever, bluetongue, rinderpest, and peste des petits ruminants viruses by a single-tube multiplex reverse transcriptase-pcr assay using a dual-priming oligonucleotide system.the aim of this study was to develop a highly sensitive and specific one-step multiplex reverse transcriptase pcr assay for the simultaneous and differential detection of rift valley fever virus (rvfv), bluetongue virus (btv), rinderpest virus (rpv), and peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv). these viruses cause mucosal lesions in cattle, sheep, and goats, and they are difficult to differentiate from one another based solely on their clinical presentation in suspected disease cases. in this st ...201121307219
monkey cv1 cell line expressing the sheep-goat slam protein: a highly sensitive cell line for the isolation of peste des petits ruminants virus from pathological specimens.peste des petits ruminants (ppr) is an important economically transboundary disease of sheep and goats caused by a virus which belongs to the genus morbillivirus. this genus, in the family paramyxoviridae, also includes the measles virus (mv), canine distemper virus (cdv), rinderpest virus (rpv), and marine mammal viruses. one of the main features of these viruses is the severe transient lymphopaenia and immunosuppression they induce in their respective hosts, thereby favouring secondary bacteri ...201121371505
peste des petits ruminants: a suitable candidate for eradication?this year will see the final announcement, accompanied by much justifiable celebration, of the eradication from the wild of rinderpest, the 'cattle plague' that has been with us for so many centuries. the only known rinderpest virus (rpv) remaining is in a relatively small number of laboratories around the world, and in the stockpiles of vaccine held on a precautionary basis. as we mark this achievement, only the second virus ever eradicated through human intervention, it seems a good time to lo ...201121724765
recent epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv).peste des petits ruminants (ppr) is an economically important viral disease of goats and sheep first described in west africa in the 1940s. the virus has been circulating in parts of sub-saharan africa for several decades and in the middle east and southern asia since 1993, although the first description of the virus in india dates to 1987. to study the genetic relationship between isolates of distinct geographical origin, a selected region of the fusion (f) protein gene of the viruses was ampli ...200212135634
detection of antibodies against peste des petits ruminants virus in sera of cattle, camels, sheep and goats in sudan.detection of antibodies against peste des petits ruminants virus in sera of cattle, camels, sheep and goats in sudan.200212416868
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