| use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for subspecies identification of mycobacteria in the mycobacterium avium complex and for isolation of dna probes. | mycobacterial strains from the mycobacterium avium complex were compared with each other and with mycobacterium phlei isolates by restriction endonuclease digestion of chromosomal dna with sspi and analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. characteristic profiles were observed for known typed strains, and five groups were identified. primary bovine isolates identified as mycobacterium paratuberculosis by classical methods were shown to fall into both the m. paratuberculosis- and m. avium-lik ... | 1992 | 1352787 |
| synthesis of allyl glycosides for conversion into neoglycoproteins bearing epitopes of mycobacterial glycolipid antigens. | neoglycoproteins bearing key glycosyl substituents of several glycopeptidolipid antigens of pathogenic mycobacterium species have been synthesized. allyl glycosides of the terminal 6-deoxyhexose-containing units of the antigens were prepared, with appropriate ether and ester substituents in place. ozonolysis of the allyl glycosides was then followed by reductive coupling with epsilon-amino groups of lysine residues in bovine serum albumin, using sodium cyanoborohydride at ph 7.8. the resulting n ... | 1991 | 1724632 |
| characterization of mycobacterium paratuberculosis and organisms of the mycobacterium avium complex by restriction polymorphism of the rrna gene region. | nineteen mycobacterium paratuberculosis strains, including strains of bovine, caprine, ovine, cervid, subhuman primate, and human origins, were compared with organisms of the m. avium complex by restriction fragment length polymorphism with a 5s rrna gene probe as the reference dna. mycobacterial dna was extracted, digested with several restriction enzymes, subjected to electrophoresis and southern blotting, and then hybridized with a 5s rrna gene probe from escherichia coli. hybridizing bands w ... | 1990 | 1969866 |
| [in vitro activities of new rifamycin derivatives against mycobacterium tuberculosis and m. avium complex]. | the in vitro anti-m. tuberculosis and anti-m. avium complex activities of five new rifamycin derivatives, krm1648, krm1657, krm1668, krm1674 and krm2312, provided by kanegafuchi chem. ind. co. japan were evaluated and compared with those of rifampicin (rfp) and rifabutin (rbu). antimycobacterial activity was tested by broth dilution method using kirchner's liquid medium supplemented with 10% bovine serum. the mics 90 (micrograms/ml) of all five krms and rbu for 20 clinical isolates of m. tubercu ... | 1990 | 2127615 |
| [bactericidal activities of rifampicin, ethambutol, enviomycin and streptomycin on mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex strains]. | bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of rifampicin, ethambutol, enviomycin and streptomycin on mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex (mai complex) strains were determined. the susceptibility testings were made in ogawa egg medium, and minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined as the lowest concentration of drugs, in which the growth of 20 to 100 colony-forming units was completely inhibited. the mics correspond to the mics that can inhibit the growth of 95 ... | 1990 | 2214513 |
| [bactericidal activity of antituberculosis drugs against mycobacterium avium complex]. | the bactericidal activity of antituberculosis drugs against two strains of m. avium complex 13008 (serotype 20) and 13016 (serotype 4), was observed using modified dubos liquid medium (1.3 g of dubos broth base (difco) in 180 mil of distilled water plus 20 ml of bovine serum). the strains were most susceptible to antituberculosis drugs among m. avium complex strains (table). the test strains were cultivated in ogawa egg medium at 37 degrees c for 10 days, and growing colonies were homogenized by ... | 1990 | 2313966 |
| pathology and tuberculin sensitivity in cattle inoculated with mycobacterium avium complex serotypes 6, 14 and 18. | three strains of mycobacterium avium complex organisms, serotypes 6, 14 and 18 isolated from typical tuberculous lesions in cattle were examined for pathogenicity and ability to sensitise cattle to avian and bovine tuberculin. each strain caused tuberculoid granulomas at the site of subcutaneous inoculation but no lesions elsewhere. sensitisation to bovine tuberculin was detected in the caudal fold test in 11 of 18 inoculated animals 8 weeks after injection. in a simultaneous comparative cervica ... | 1981 | 7259645 |
| mycobacterial infections in animals. | mycobacteria other than mammalian tubercle bacilli are capable of producing disease in a wide range of animal hosts. serotypes of mycobacterium avium complex cause the most important mycobacterial diseases in domestic animals. although disease is most common in lymph nodes, a wide variety of tissues may be involved, including tissue from spleen, liver, lungs, kidney, central nervous system, gall bladder, intestinal mucosa, skeletal system, ovaries, and the skin. | 1981 | 7339828 |
| rapid detection and identification of mycobacterium avium by amplification of 16s rrna sequences. | an assay that is based on the amplification of 16s rrna sequences and that was initially developed to detect mycobacterium paratuberculosis in cattle was used to test 20 serotypes of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and atypical mycobacterial species not belonging to mac. only serotypes 1 to 6 and 8 to 11, designated m. avium, were detected by the assay, indicating that it can be used for the rapid detection and identification of m. avium. the results of the assay for clinical samples from ... | 1993 | 7691877 |
| comparison of the virulence for mice of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare identified by dna probe test. | the virulence of various serovars of mycobacterium avium and m. intracellulare identified by dna probe test was compared with each other. we found species- and serovar-dependencies of m. avium complex (mac) virulence to mice in terms of mortality, incidence of lung lesions and bacterial load in the visceral organs, as follows. first, human- or environment-derived m. intracellulare was more virulent for mice, as compared to m. avium isolated from patients or environmental sources. second, the vir ... | 1993 | 8350768 |
| comparative use of dna probes for mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare and serotyping for identification and characterization of animal isolates of the m. avium complex. | commercially available dna probes for the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) were compared with conventional identification and serotyping of animal isolates of mac. dna hybridization of 44 strains of mycobacteria showed a test specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 100%. hybridization of 12 serotype strains showed that serotypes 1-6 and 8-11 hybridized with the m. avium probe and serotypes 7 and 14 hybridized with the m. intracellulare probe. all of the 42 bovine and porcine isolates of mac cons ... | 1993 | 8447082 |
| the absence of genetic markers for streptomycin and rifampicin resistance in mycobacterium avium complex strains. | mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare complex (mac) bacilli are an important cause of bacteraemia in aids patients but treatment is complicated by their resistance to the usual antimycobacterial agents. in this study of 20 strains of mac none was found to have the mutations associated with resistance to rifampicin and streptomycin in m. tuberculosis suggesting that mac have unique mechanisms for resistance to these agents. | 1995 | 8821605 |
| [the expression of icam-1 on macrophages stimulated with mycobacterium avium complex and its control by some regulatory cytokines]. | the interaction of lfa-1 on t lymphocytes with icam-1 on antigen presenting cells (apcs) is critical in determining conjugate formation between the apcs and t cells as well as activation of t cells. recently, it was found that stimulation of thp-1 cells, a human monocyte m phi cell line, with mycobacterium tuberculosis or its lipoarabinomannan, elicited the increase in the icam-1 expression. in addition, in cases of lepromatous leprosy patients with a serious defect in the m. leprae antigen-spec ... | 1996 | 8936990 |
| isolation and characterization of a 70 kda protein from mycobacterium avium. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is an intracellular pathogen which causes disseminated bacterial infection in immunocompromised individuals. this organism predominantly infects macrophages. attachment of mac to macrophages is the first step prior to invasion. we have previously shown that a 70 kda protein of m. avium (ma) is one of nine monocyte-binding proteins. in the present study, we have purified this protein from sonic extracts of ma and studied some of its properties. the n-terminal seq ... | 1996 | 8971687 |
| distribution of serotypes, is901 and a 40 kda protein in mycobacterium avium complex strains isolated from man and animals in denmark. | the aim of the present study was to characterize all strains of the mycobacterium avium complex isolated in denmark in 1993. a total of 141 m. avium complex strains (86 from man, 38 from animals, and 17 from peat) were analysed by serotyping, elisa specific for a 40 kda protein, and is901-specific pcr. serotype analysis showed that the most frequent serotypes among human strains were serotype 4 (27%) and serotype 6 (19%), which differs from an earlier survey where serotype 1 was most prevalent. ... | 1997 | 9164469 |
| characterization of a specific mycobacterium paratuberculosis recombinant clone expressing 35,000-molecular-weight antigen and reactivity with sera from animals with clinical and subclinical johne's disease. | johne's disease is a chronic enteritis of ruminants associated with enormous worldwide economic losses for the dairy cow- and goat-rearing industries. management limitations and eradication programs for this disease have been hampered by the lack of a simple and specific diagnostic test for the detection of subclinical cases. we used a recombinant clone expressing a 35,000-molecular-weight mycobacterium paratuberculosis antigen (p35 antigen) from a previously constructed expression library of m. ... | 1997 | 9196196 |
| the polymerase chain reaction for the identification of different species of mycobacterium. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was performed to identify reference and field strains of mycobacteria. pcr was able to identify all the reference strains of the mycobacterium genus and sub-divide them into no tuberculosis-no avium complex, tuberculosis complex and, partially, avium complex. the primers used for the last recognised only some strains of the different types of m. avium and m. intracellulare. a number of field strains were identified as belonging to the mycobacterium genus, but ... | 1997 | 9280390 |
| use of four dna insertion sequences to characterize strains of the mycobacterium avium complex isolated from animals. | the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) includes the closely related species m. avium, m. intracellulare and m. paratuberculosis. the insertion elements is900, is901, is1245 and is1311 were used as dna probes to characterize by restriction fragment polymorphisms (rflps) eight reference strains, three animal isolates of m. paratuberculosis from outside new zealand and 61 selected new zealand mac isolates from cattle, deer, pigs, sheep and humans. is900 was found only in strains of m. paratuberculos ... | 1997 | 9375297 |
| identification of a gene unique to mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and application to diagnosis of paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) is the etiologic agent of paratuberculosis (johne's disease), a chronic granulomatous enteritis in ruminants. currently, there is a need for improved diagnostic tests because of the lack of methods for accurate, rapid and reliable detection of m. paratuberculosis infection. a m. paratuberculosis gene (hspx) was cloned, sequenced, and a 30 bp species-specific oligonucleotide was synthesized. as an internal control to identify m ... | 1998 | 9664574 |
| relationship between is901 in the mycobacterium avium complex strains isolated from birds, animals, humans, and the environment and virulence for poultry. | a total of 738 strains of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) were examined in biological experiments on poultry by use of pcr methods with primers for detection of the insertion sequence is901. serotype strains of mac from all known 28 serotypes were examined. further strains were isolated from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-negative and hiv-positive patients, 6 animal species, 17 bird species, and the environment. of 165 strains virulent for poultry, characterized by generalized tuberculosis ... | 2000 | 10702495 |
| duplex pcr for differential identification of mycobacterium bovis, m. avium, and m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in formalin- fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from cattle. | we previously isolated and sequenced two genomic segments of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, namely, f57, a species-specific sequence, and the p34 gene, coding for a 34-kda antigenic protein. comparison of sequences upstream of the p34 open reading frame (us-p34) from m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and m. tuberculosis showed a 79-base deletion in m. tuberculosis. sequence analysis of the p34 genes in another two species, m. bovis (strain bcg) and m. avium (strain d4), confirmed th ... | 2000 | 10921976 |
| review article: mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis as one cause of crohn's disease. | a number of theories regarding the aetiology of crohn's disease have been proposed. diet, infections, other unidentified environmental factors and immune disregulation, all working under the influence of a genetic predisposition, have been viewed with suspicion. many now believe that crohn's disease is a syndrome caused by several aetiologies. the two leading theories are the infectious and autoimmune theories. the leading infectious candidate is mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis ( ... | 2001 | 11207508 |
| mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (miru) differentiate mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis from other species of the mycobacterium avium complex. | mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (miru) comprise short tandem repeat structures found at multiple loci throughout the mycobacterium tuberculosis genome and have been used for typing these pathogens. we have identified miru at 18 conserved loci throughout the common portions of the mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) and m. avium subspecies avium (maa) genomes. six of these loci were found to differ between maa and map in the number of tandem repeat motifs occurring a ... | 2003 | 12944117 |
| development of a polymerase chain reaction test to confirm mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in culture. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for confirmation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was developed using the primer set derived from ismav2. the pcr product was 494 base pairs (bp) and could be digested with clai, which produced 311- and 183-bp fragments. no amplification of 494-bp dna fragment was detected from dna of other mycobacterium spp., including mycobacterium avium complex, other bacteria, including escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, actinobacillus pleuropneumo ... | 2004 | 15053361 |
| study of mycobacterium avium complex strains isolated from cattle in the czech republic between 1996 and 2000. | this study surveys 2,593,348 cattle slaughtered between 1996 and 2000, and further investigates 571 (0.02%) animals found to have tuberculous lesions. culture of 346 randomly selected tissue samples from animals younger (n = 215) and older (n = 131) than 2 years, isolated mycobacteria from 91 animals (26.3%). these included 74 mycobacterium avium subsp. avium isolates of is901+ and is1245+ genotype and serotype 2, 13m. avium subsp. hominissuis isolates of is901- and is1245+ genotype and serotype ... | 2004 | 15066726 |
| absence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the microdissected granulomas of crohn's disease. | the etiology of crohn's disease remains unknown with inflammatory, infectious, and/or genetic causes suspected. granulomatous inflammation is a characteristic feature of the disorder, resembling the tissue response to mycobacterium. mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent in johne's disease, a chronic ulcerative intestinal condition in cattle, and has been implicated as a likely candidate. we carefully microdissected the granulomas from the paraffin-embedded rese ... | 2004 | 15154014 |
| use of specific rrna oligonucleotide probes for microscopic detection of mycobacterium avium complex organisms in tissue. | members of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are important environmental pathogens that are implicated in several chronic, idiopathic diseases. diagnosis of mac-based diseases is compromised by the need to cultivate these fastidious and slowly growing organisms in order to identify which mycobacterial species are present. detection is particularly difficult when mac is intracellular or embedded within mammalian tissues. we report on the development of culture-independent, in situ hybridizati ... | 2005 | 15814959 |
| zoonotic aspects of mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mac). | pathogens that are transmitted between the environment, wildlife, livestock and humans represent major challenges for the protection of human and domestic animal health, the economic sustainability of agriculture, and the conservation of wildlife. among such pathogens, the genus mycobacterium is well represented by m. bovis, the etiological agent of bovine tuberculosis, m. avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) the etiological agent of johne disease, m. avium ssp. avium (maa) and in a few common case ... | 2005 | 15845232 |
| direct molecular mass determination of trehalose monomycolate from 11 species of mycobacteria by maldi-tof mass spectrometry. | direct estimation of the molecular mass of single molecular species of trehalose 6-monomycolate (tmm), a ubiquitous cell-wall component of mycobacteria, was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry. when less than 1 microg tmm was analysed by maldi-tof mass spectrometry, quasimolecular ions [m+na]+ of each molecular species were demonstrated and the numbers of carbons and double bonds (or cyclopropane rings) were determined. since the ... | 2005 | 15870454 |
| identification and characterization of an immunogenic 22 kda exported protein of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | an exported 22 kda putative lipoprotein was identified in an alkaline phosphatase gene fusion library of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and expressed in mycobacterium smegmatis. the full nucleic acid sequence of the gene encoding p22 was determined and the orf was cloned into a mycobacterial expression vector, enabling full-length p22 to be produced as a c-terminal polyhistidine-tagged protein in m. smegmatis. n-terminal sequencing of the recombinant protein confirmed cleavage of a ... | 2005 | 16192441 |
| intact molecular characterization of cord factor (trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate) from nine species of mycobacteria by maldi-tof mass spectrometry. | cord factor (trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate, tdm) is an unique glycolipid with a trehalose and two molecules of mycolic acids in the mycobacterial cell envelope. since tdm consists of two molecules of very long branched-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acids, the molecular mass ranges widely and in a complex manner. to characterize the molecular structure of tdm precisely and simply, an attempt was made to determine the mycolic acid subclasses of tdm and the molecular species composition of intact tdm by matrix ... | 2005 | 16207922 |
| sequencing of hsp65 distinguishes among subsets of the mycobacterium avium complex. | the mycobacterium avium complex consists of epidemiologically distinct subsets. the classification of these subsets is complicated by a number of factors, including the ambiguous results obtained with phenotypic and genetic assays and the recent appreciation that human and avian strains appear to be distinct. in previous work, sequencing based on a 441-bp portion of the hsp65 gene has proven to efficiently classify isolates within the mycobacterium genus but provides low resolution for distingui ... | 2006 | 16455896 |
| comparative macrorestriction and rflp analysis of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis isolates from man, pig, and cattle. | in germany, tuberculous lesions in slaughtered pigs due to infection with members of the mycobacterium avium complex are increasingly reported. contaminated food originating from pig or other livestock is discussed as potential source of human infection. m. avium isolates from man (n=45), pig (n=29), and cattle (n=13) were characterised by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) with respect to insertion sequences is1245 and is901 as well as by xbai-based pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ... | 2006 | 16797885 |
| genetic analysis of mycobacterium avium complex strains used for producing purified protein derivatives. | for over a century, purified protein derivatives (ppd) have been used to detect mycobacterial infections in humans and livestock. among these, reagents to detect infections by mycobacterium avium complex organisms have been produced, but the utility of these reagents has not been clearly established due in part to limited biologic and immunologic standardization. because there is little information about the strains used to produce these reagents (avian ppd, intracellulare ppd, scrofulaceum ppd, ... | 2006 | 16960109 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium infections in a tule elk (cervus elaphus nannodes) herd. | between 2 august and 22 september 2000, 37 hunter-killed tule elk (cervus elaphus nannodes) were evaluated at the grizzly island wildlife area, california, usa, for evidence of paratuberculosis. elk were examined post-mortem, and tissue and fecal samples were submitted for radiometric mycobacterial culture. acid-fast isolates were identified by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) that discriminates among members of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac). histopathologic evaluations were c ... | 2006 | 17255437 |
| isolation and identification of mycobacteria from raw milk samples in afyonkarahisar district of turkey. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) have become a significant cause of infection with the emergence of hiv/aids, primarily mycobacterium avium complex members, and ntm transmitted to humans from the environment (water, fruit, vegetables, beef, and milk). the objectives of this study were to show the presence of mycobacteria in milk and to determine their role as possible sources of human infection. for this, raw milk samples (n=35) were decontaminated with sodium dodecyl (lauryl) sulfate (sds)-nao ... | 2007 | 17303274 |
| development of a molecular diagnostic test applied to experimental abattoir surveillance on bovine tuberculosis. | one of the most essential systems applied to the eradication of bovine tuberculosis by mycobacterium bovis is the epidemiologic surveillance of animals slaughtered in abattoir by means of inspection and sample taking of lesions compatible with tuberculosis, confirming the existence of the disease through culture and molecular detection, which takes weeks before a result can be obtained. an interesting alternative is to develop high-throughput molecular systems for the direct detection of m. bovi ... | 2008 | 17954014 |
| carboxyl terminus of the 34 kda protein of mycobacterium paratuberculosis shares homologous b-cell epitopes with mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against a recombinant carboxyl terminus of the 34 kda protein of mycobacterium paratuberculosis were produced in mice. two of the mabs cross-reacted with mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare in both an elisa and immunoblot. the recombinant protein also reacted with polyclonal sera produced in rabbits against all three mycobacteria, indicating the presence of cross-reactive epitopes in the protein. to determine the reactivity of cattle sera against epi ... | 2007 | 18156594 |
| mycobacterium avium genes mav_5138 and mav_3679 are transcriptional regulators that play a role in invasion of epithelial cells, in part by their regulation of cipa, a putative surface protein interacting with host cell signaling pathways. | the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is an important group of opportunistic pathogens for birds, cattle, swine, and immunosuppressed humans. although invasion of epithelial cells lining the intestine is the chief point of entry for these organisms, little is known about the mechanisms by which members of the mac are taken up by these cells. studies with m. avium have shown that cytoskeletal rearrangement via activation of the small g-protein cdc42 is involved and that this activation is regulat ... | 2009 | 19060135 |
| bovine tuberculosis at the wildlife-livestock-human interface in hamer woreda, south omo, southern ethiopia. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is endemic in cattle in the ethiopian highlands but no studies have been done so far in pastoralists in south omo. this study assessed the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (btb) at an intensive interface of livestock, wildlife and pastoralists in hamer woreda (south omo), ethiopia. a cross-sectional survey including a comparative intradermal skin testing (cidt) was conducted in 499 zebu cattle and 186 goats in 12 settlements. sputum samples from 26 symptomatic livestoc ... | 2010 | 20808913 |
| genomic and transcriptomic studies in mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | microarray technology is an important tool in functional genomic research. it has enabled a deeper analysis of genomic diversity among bacteria belonging to the mycobacterium avium complex (mac). in addition, the expression of thousands of genes can be studied simultaneously in a single experiment. with the complete genome sequence of a bovine isolate of m. avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and the independent construction of dna microarrays in our laboratories, transcriptomic studies for this ... | 2010 | 21047690 |
| the effect of mycobacterium avium complex infections on routine mycobacterium bovis diagnostic tests. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is diagnosed in naturally infected populations exposed to a wide variety of other pathogens. this study describes the cell-mediated immune responses of cattle exposed to mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) and mycobacterium avium subspecies avium with particular reference to routine antefmortem mycobacterium bovis diagnostic tests. the ifn-? released in response to stimulated blood was found to peak later in the map-exposed group and was more sustained ... | 2011 | 21772961 |
| identification of mycobacterium spp. of veterinary importance using rpob gene sequencing. | abstract: | 2011 | 22118247 |