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[the study of mosquito fauna (diptera, culicidae) in volgograd city in light of the outbreak of west nile fever in volgograd region, 1999].mosquito sampling was carried out in volgograd city and its vicinity in august 2001 and 2002. in total 16,000 individuals belonging to 6 genera and 12 species were collected. nine species were anthropophilic. culex modestus and aedes vexans dominated in all outdoor samples collected in volgograd city. in addition to these species, coquillettidia richiardii and ae. caspius were abundant in the vicinity of volgograd. autogenous cx. popiens dominated among six species sampled indoors in volgograd c ...200415272818
population dynamics of pest mosquitoes and potential malaria and west nile virus vectors in relation to climatic factors and human activities in the camargue, france.the camargue is an extensive wetland in the southeast of france, which is highly influenced by human activities. large ponds, marshes and irrigated fields provide abundant potential breeding sites for mosquitoes. mosquitoes, which are important in terms of the nuisance they cause to people and animals, the limitations they impose on tourism and their potential threat to human health. several of the mosquito species present are potential vectors of malaria and west nile virus. therefore, the popu ...200718092973
spread of the west nile virus vector culex modestus and the potential malaria vector anopheles hyrcanus in central europe.mosquito faunal studies were carried out in five separate wetland regions in the czech republic during 2004-2007, sampling with dry ice-baited and sentinel host-baited cdc traps. a total of 79,245 adults was identified, representing 23 mosquito species that belonged to the genera anopheles, culiseta, coquillettidia, aedes, and culex. our findings reveal that the mosquito fauna is enriched by new elements in the mediterranean region. historical and cdc trap data suggest that the newly-emerging po ...200819263846
is culex modestus (diptera: culicidae), vector of west nile virus, spreading in the dombes area, france?as a main vector of west nile (wn) virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus) in europe, culex modestus ficalbi (diptera: culicidae) is commonly found in delta regions, lakes, and ponds. the dombes area is located along one of the main corridors of bird migrations in france and lies 300 km north of the camargue region, a frequent focus of wn virus circulation. it is an important breeding, wintering, and stopover site for many bird species that are putative carriers of viruses of different kin ...200919960670
first report on entomological field activities for the surveillance of west nile disease in italy.west nile virus (wnv) is neuropathogenic for birds, horses and humans and is maintained in natural cycles between birds and mosquitoes, particularly the culex genus; horses and humans are considered to be incidental hosts. a surveillance plan was implemented in italy in 1998, following a limited outbreak of wnv equine encephalomyelitis and a wnv outbreak in france very close to the italian border. this plan to assess the risks of the virus being introduced again included entomological surveillan ...200820405446
role of the repartition of wetland breeding sites on the spatial distribution of anopheles and culex, human disease vectors in southern france.abstract: background: in this study, carried out in the camargue region (france), we combined entomological data with geomatic and modelling tools to assess whether the location of breeding sites may explain the spatial distribution of adult mosquitoes. the species studied are important and competent disease vectors in europe: culex modestus ficalbi and cx. pipiens linnaeus (west nile virus), anopheles atroparvus van thiel, a former plasmodium vector, and an. melanoon hackett, competent to trans ...201121548912
west nile virus vector culex modestus established in southern england.the risk posed to the united kingdom by west nile virus (wnv) has previously been considered low, due to the absence or scarcity of the main culex sp. bridge vectors. the mosquito culex modestus is widespread in southern europe, where it acts as the principle bridge vector of wnv. this species was not previously thought to be present in the united kingdom.201222316288
comparison of different trapping methods for surveillance of mosquito vectors of west nile virus in rhône delta, france.five trapping methods were compared for monitoring potential vectors of the west nile virus in four areas in the camargue plain of france: carbon dioxide traps, bird-baited traps, gravid traps, resting boxes, and human landing catches. a total of 73,721 specimens, representing 14 species, was trapped in 2006. results showed significant differences in species and abundance between the type of traps. many more specimens were collected using co(2) traps than any other method, with an average of 212 ...201223181848
epidemiology of west nile infection in volgograd, russia, in relation to climate change and mosquito (diptera: culicidae) bionomics.in 1999, there was the large outbreak of west nile fever (wnf) in southern russia (>500 cases in the volgograd province). in 2000-2004, the wnf incidence rate decreased steadily to zero, but a new outbreak occurred in 2007 (64 cases). the analysis of historical climate data for volgograd from 1900 to present showed that the years 1999 and 2007 were the hottest ones due to a very mild "winter" (dec.-mar.) and a hot "summer" (june-sep.). there are up to 15 potential wnf vectors in volgograd, but o ...200819030885
vector competence of some french culex and aedes mosquitoes for west nile virus.to identify the mosquito species able to sustain the transmission of west nile virus (wnv) in the camargue region (the main wnv focus of southern france), we assessed the vector competence of culex modestus and culex pipiens, the most abundant bird-feeders, and aedes caspius, the most abundant mammophilic species occasionally found engorged with avian blood. female mosquitoes were exposed to the infectious meal (10(10.3) plaque forming units (pfu)/ml) by membrane feeding, and hold at 26 degrees ...200818447623
effects of local anthropogenic changes on potential malaria vector anopheles hyrcanus and west nile virus vector culex modestus, camargue, france.using historical data, we highlight the consequences of anthropogenic ecosystem modifications on the abundance of mosquitoes implicated as the current most important potential malaria vector, anopheles hyrcanus, and the most important west nile virus (wnv) vector, culex modestus, in the camargue region, france. from world war ii to 1971, populations of these species increased as rice cultivation expanded in the region in a political context that supported agriculture. they then fell, likely beca ...200718258028
evidence of laboratory vector competence of culex modestus for west nile virus.during the past 10 years, west nile virus (wnv) has been responsible for large and severe human outbreaks and horse epizootics through the old and the new world. since wnv was first isolated from field-collected mosquitoes of culex modestus in 1964 in france, this species, which aggressively feeds on birds and mammals, is considered a putative wnv vector in europe. we report on the first evidence on the laboratory vector competence of cx. modestus for wnv. to assess this trait, f3 and f4 females ...200717847861
horse-, bird-, and human-seeking behavior and seasonal abundance of mosquitoes in a west nile virus focus of southern france.after 35 yr of disease absence, west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) circulation has been regularly detected in the camargue region (southern france) since 2000. wnv was isolated from culex modestus ficalbi, which was considered the main vector in southern france after horse outbreaks in the 1960s. recent wnv transmissions outside of the cx. modestus distribution suggested the existence of other vectors. to study potential wnv vectors, horse- and bird-baited traps and hum ...200617017231
evaluation of potential west nile virus vectors in volgograd region, russia, 2003 (diptera: culicidae): species composition, bloodmeal host utilization, and virus infection rates of mosquitoes.potential west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) vectors were assessed during 2003 at indoor and outdoor collection sites in urban volgograd, russia, and in three nearby towns and surrounding rural areas. in total, 9,182 female mosquitoes comprising 13 species in six genera were collected. relative abundance and bloodmeal host utilization differed temporarily and spatially. during june and july in volgograd, aedes vexans (meigen) (85.4%) and culex p. pipiens l. (7.6%) were ...200616739415
[isolation in france of the west nile virus from patients and from the vector culex modestus ficalbi]. 196414260659
[epidemiology of west nile virus: study of a focus in camargue. v. the fector: culex modestus ficalbi diptera; culicidae]. 19705464130
an integrative eco-epidemiological analysis of west nile virus transmission.west nile disease, caused by the west nile virus (wnv), is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease affecting humans and horses that involves wild birds as amplifying hosts. the mechanisms of wnv transmission remain unclear in europe where the occurrence of outbreaks has dramatically increased in recent years. we used a dataset on the competence, distribution, abundance, diversity and dispersal of wild bird hosts and mosquito vectors to test alternative hypotheses concerning the transmission of wnv in ...201728584951
mosquito species involved in the circulation of west nile and usutu viruses in italy.usutu (usuv) and west nile (wnv) are mosquito-borne flavivirus emerged in italy in 1996 and 1998, respectively, and reappeared 10 years later. the aim of this work is to review the italian mosquito species found positive for wnv and usuv between 2008 and 2014. moreover, the role of mosquitoes in promoting the overwintering of these viruses is discussed, as a result of the mosquito collections performed in molise region between september 2010 and april 2011. overall 99,000 mosquitoes were collect ...201728675249
distribution of west nile virus vector, culex modestus, in england. 201222983524
ecological niche modelling of potential west nile virus vector mosquito species and their geographical association with equine epizootics in italy.in italy, west nile virus (wnv) equine outbreaks have occurred annually since 2008. characterizing wnv vector habitat requirements allows for the identification of areas at risk of viral amplification and transmission. maxent-based ecological niche models were developed using literature records of 13 potential wnv italian vector mosquito species to predict their habitat suitability range and to investigate possible geographical associations with wnv equine outbreak occurrence in italy from 2008 ...201424121802
feeding behavior and spatial distribution of culex mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in wetland areas of the czech republic.mosquito feeding behavior determines the degree of vector-host contact and may have a serious impact on the risk of pathogen transmission, including that of the west nile virus (wnv). to measure the role of culex mosquitoes as wnv vectors, host-seeking females were collected using animal-baited traps containing live birds (quail) or mammals (rabbits) and co2-baited center for disease control and prevention traps placed in several wetland areas in the czech republic. culex pipiens (l.) and culex ...201324180115
equine seroprevalence rates as an additional indicator for a more accurate risk assessment of the west nile virus transmission.the west nile virus (wnv) is a zoonotic arbovirus that has recently been causing outbreaks in many countries in southern and central europe. in 2012, for the first time, it caused an outbreak in eastern croatia with total of 7 human clinical cases. with an aim of assisting public health personnel in order to improve survey protocols and vector control, the high risk areas of the wnv transmission were estimated and mapped. the study area included cities of osijek and slavonski brod and 8 municipa ...201324308242
west nile virus lineage 2 isolated from culex modestus mosquitoes in the czech republic, 2013: expansion of the european wnv endemic area to the north?we report the detection and isolation of four almost identical strains of west nile virus (wnv) lineage 2from culex modestus mosquitoes collected at three fish ponds in south moravia, czech republic, during august 2013. phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the czech wnv strains isolated are closely related to austrian, italian and serbian strains reported in 2008,2011 and 2012, respectively. our findings show the current northernmost range of lineage 2 wnv in europe.201425138970
establishment of the west nile virus vector, culex modestus, in a residential area in denmark. 201425424250
the 2011 west nile disease outbreak in sardinia region, italy.in 2011, strains of west nile virus (wnv) belonging to lineage 1 spread for the first time in sardinia region (italy). in contrast to previous wnv italian incursion, the strains were found in culex modestus and, more surprisingly, they were able to cause severe clinical signs in the affected birds. based on the partial sequence of the ns3 encoding gene, the sardinian wnv strains demonstrated a high similarity with the other wnv strains recently detected in the mediterranean basin. nonetheless, t ...201525842208
transmission dynamics of the west nile virus in mosquito vector populations under the influence of weather factors in the danube delta, romania.mosquitoes were collected in the danube delta during the active seasons of 2011-2013. for culex spp. mosquitoes, the abundance was calculated. culex pipiens (sensu lato), (s.l.) and culex modestus pools were tested for the presence of west nile virus (wnv) genome, and the maximum likelihood of the infection rate was established. mean daily temperatures and precipitation were obtained for the closest meteorological station. a negative binominal model was used to evaluate linkages between the temp ...201627709311
enhanced west nile virus surveillance in the north kent marshes, uk.as part of efforts to more fully understand the potential risks posed by west nile virus (wnv) and usutu virus (usuv) in the uk, and following on from previous reports of a potential bridge vector culex modestus for these viruses, at wetland sites in north kent, mosquito surveillance was undertaken more widely across the isle of sheppey, the hoo peninsula and the kent mainland.201525884920
co-circulation of usutu virus and west nile virus in a reed bed ecosystem.mosquito-borne flaviviruses are a major public health threat in many countries worldwide. in central europe, west nile virus (wnv) and usutu virus (usuv), both belonging to the japanese encephalitis virus group (flaviviridae) have emerged in the last decennium. surveillance of mosquito vectors for arboviruses is a sensitive tool to evaluate virus circulation and consequently to estimate the public health risk.201526459018
species composition and wnv screening of mosquitoes from lagoons in a wetland area of the algarve, portugal.the aim of this study was to evaluate mosquito abundance, species diversity, larval and adult population dynamics in seven lagoons integrated in the wetland coastal system of the algarve, portugal, in the summer of 2007, as well as the screening of these for west nile virus (wnv). wnv has been isolated from mosquitoes in this region, in the summer of 2004, next to the putative area of infection of two linked human wn cases. adult mosquitoes were collected with cdc traps baited with co(2), and po ...201122347862
Spatio-temporal patterns of distribution of West Nile virus vectors in eastern Piedmont Region, Italy.ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: West Nile Virus (WNV) transmission in Italy was first reported in 1998 as an equine outbreak near the swamps of Padule di Fucecchio, Tuscany. No other cases were identified during the following decade until 2008, when horse and human outbreaks were reported in Emilia Romagna, North Italy. Since then, WNV outbreaks have occurred annually, spreading from their initial northern foci throughout the country. Following the outbreak in 1998 the Italian public health authority def ...201122152822
experimental studies on comparison of the potential vector competence of four species of culex mosquitoes in china to transmit west nile virus.to assess the risk that indigenous mosquitoes in china are capable of transmitting and sustaining west nile virus (wnv), four important culex mosquito species, culex tritaeniorhynchus, culex modestus, culex pipiens pallens, and culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, were allowed to feed on the artificial infectious blood meal with wnv dose of 10(6.8) plaque-forming unit/ml and tested approximately 2 wk later to determine infection and transmission rates. the results indicated that four culex mosquitoes ...201020939372
[current status and eco-epidemiology of mosquito-borne arboviruses (diptera: culicidae) in spain].in this manuscript we analize the possible emergence and/or re-emergence in spain of some of the mosquito-borne arboviruses (diptera: culicidae) with highest incidence in recent years. the faunistic, bioecological and distributional data of the culicids in our country allow to differentiate between species with ability to maintain the enzootic cycles of arboviruses from others that can act as bridge vectors to the human population. the results show the existence of several common and anthropophi ...201020661525
mosquito (diptera: culicidae) surveillance for arboviruses in an area endemic for west nile (lineage rabensburg) and tahyna viruses in central europe.six viral isolates were obtained from 23,243 female mosquitoes (examined in 513 pools) belonging to 16 species and collected along the lower reaches of the dyje river in south moravia (czech republic, central europe) during 2006-2008: five isolates of orthobunyavirus tahyna (tahv, california group, family bunyaviridae: three isolations from aedes vexans (meigen), one from ae. sticticus (meigen), one from culex modestus ficalbi); and one isolation of flavivirus west nile (wnv, japanese encephalit ...201020496595
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