| survey of human rotavirus propagation as studied by electrophoresis of genomic rna. | rotavirus rna isolated from three different environmental sources during the winter of 1981-1982 was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. our results demonstrate the presence of novel rna patterns, the coexistence of multiple electrophoretic patterns in rotavirus isolated from samples from a given ward, and that spread of a given electropherotype is limited. | 1984 | 6327847 |
| diagnosis of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis by rotavirus detection and serology. | in 127 infants and young children suffering from acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis, diagnosis of rotavirus infection was done by virus detection and serology. human rotavirus (hrv) detection was performed by direct electron microscopy (em), conventional immune electron microscopy (iem) and/or solid phase immune electron microscopy ( spiem ); rotavirus antigens were detected by indirect double-antibody sandwich (das) elisa and hrv isolation was attempted in ma-104 or llc-mk2 cell cultures. hrv ... | 1984 | 6328225 |
| rotavirus infection in normal nursery: epidemic and surveillance. | human rotavirus (hrv) epidemics have not been reported in normal full-term newborn nurseries in the us. this report describes an epidemic from april 27 to may 6, 1982 in which 23 infants were infected. diagnosis was confirmed with rotazyme (abbott) in 82% (23/28) of the neonates screened. five were asymptomatic; in the remaining 18 cases, the symptoms were usually mild and self-limited. transient shedding of the virus was found in 8% (4/52) of personnel screened, and only one of them was symptom ... | 1984 | 6567612 |
| sequence conservation within neutralization epitope regions of vp7 and vp4 proteins of human serotype g4 rotavirus isolates. | serotype g4 rotavirus isolates causing four separate epidemics of severe diarrhoea in young children in melbourne, australia (from 1974-1990) were investigated for sequence variation in genes encoding the outer capsid proteins, vp4 and vp7. complementary dna of the gene encoding the major outer capsid neutralization antigen, vp7, of eighteen isolates was synthesized and amplified by coupled reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. direct sequencing methods were used to derive the ded ... | 1993 | 7504915 |
| immature neutrophils in the peripheral blood smear of children with viral infections. | | 1994 | 8177632 |
| serological and genomic characterization of equine rotavirus vp4 proteins identifies three different p serotypes. | a series of viral reassortants was prepared between equine rotaviruses h1 (g5), h2 (g3), and l338 (g13) and human rotavirus st3 (g4). all contained the vp4 cognate gene segment 4 from the equine parental virus and the vp7 cognate gene segment 9 from st3. using these viruses and antisera prepared to them, it was shown that each of the three equine viruses possessed a serologically distinct vp4 or p serotype with a > or = 16-fold difference in reciprocal cross-neutralization titers. h1 vp4 was clo ... | 1994 | 7514321 |
| viral diseases in ethiopia: a review. | ethiopia is endemic for many viral diseases. serosurveys have demonstrated the high prevalence rate of hepatitis b virus. there are also indications of high transmission for hepatitis c, hepatitis e and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the population is exposed to poliomyelitis, hepatitis a, measles, rubella and mumps early in life. rotaviral diarrhoea is an important cause of infant morbidity and mortality. vast areas of the country are endemic for yellow fever and rabies. the extent of many ... | 1993 | 8187657 |
| [retrospective study of circulation of human rotavirus electropherotypes in the city of córdoba, argentina, 1979-1989]. | a retrospective survey was carried out to determine the occurrence and circulation of different human rotavirus electropherotypes. stool specimens were collected from children under four years old admitted to pediatric health services of cordoba city, argentina, from january 1979 to december 1989. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining was employed for rotavirus detection. of 1839 faecal samples 228 (13.9%) were positive for rotavirus. examination of the electrophoretic p ... | 1995 | 7568863 |
| heterogeneity of vp4 neutralization epitopes among serotype p1a human rotavirus strains. | we have used serotype-specific vp4 and vp7 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nt-mabs), as well as subgroup (sg)-specific mabs, to characterize by enzyme immunoassay rotavirus strains isolated from diarrheic infants in the city of monterrey, mexico, from july 1993 to march 1994. of a total of 465 children studied, 140 were rotavirus positive, including 3 patients infected with non-group a rotaviruses. the sg and vp7 (g) serotype specificities could be determined for 118 (84%) of the 140 rotavir ... | 1995 | 7583936 |
| evaluation of a probe hybridisation serotyping method for group a rotavirus. | serotype-specificity and sensitivity of oligonucleotide probes to serotype human rotaviruses was assessed. probes could detect as little as 6.3 ng of homologous rna and none reacted with as much as 100 ng of heterologous rna. northern-blot analysis revealed that probes reacted with one of genomic segments 7, 8 or 9 of corresponding serotypes. | 1993 | 8263303 |
| evaluation of the protective efficacy of a serotype 1 bovine-human rotavirus reassortant vaccine in infants. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a live, attenuated bovine (strain wc3) x human (strain wi79, serotype g1) rotavirus reassortant (wi79-9) virus vaccine for prevention of symptomatic rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants. the study was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, conducted over a single rotavirus season in 325 infants who were 2 to 8 months old at enrollment. subjects were randomized to receive either placebo or wi79-9 virus vaccine ... | 1995 | 7603812 |
| improved immunogenicity of oral d x rrv reassortant rotavirus vaccine by lactobacillus casei gg. | in a search for new strategies to improve oral vaccination, the effect of orally administered lactobacillus casei strain gg (lgg) in conjunction with d x rrv rhesus-human reassortant live oral rotavirus vaccine was tested in 2-5-month-old infants. infants who received lgg showed an increased response with regard to rotavirus-specific igm secreting cells, measured using an elispot technique, on day 8 after vaccination. in infants receiving lgg or placebo, respectively, a rotavirus igm seroconvers ... | 1995 | 7631519 |
| present and future challenges of immunizations on the health of our patients. | a recent analysis demonstrated a change in incidence approaching 100% for diseases against which we routinely immunize in the united states. at present, measles, mumps, rubella, invasive haemophilus disease, poliomyelitis, diphtheria and tetanus are well-controlled but not eliminated. diseases that now pose special problems include pertussis, hepatitis a and b and varicella. the incidence of pertussis surged in 1994, possibly in part because of waning immunity in the immunized population. acellu ... | 1995 | 7638035 |
| characterization of the neutralizing epitopes of vp7 of the gottfried strain of porcine rotavirus. | the neutralization epitopes of the outer capsid protein vp7 of a porcine group a rotavirus were studied by using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (n-mabs). six n-mabs which were specific for the vp7 protein of the gottfried strain of porcine rotavirus (serotype g4) were used for analyzing the antigenic sites of vp7. three different approaches were used for this analysis: testing the serological reactivity of each n-mab against different g serotypes of human and animal rotaviruses, analyzing n- ... | 1993 | 7691871 |
| reduction in virus-neutralizing activity of a bovine colostrum immunoglobulin concentrate by gastric acid and digestive enzymes. | bovine milk immunoglobulin concentrates have been proposed for inducing passive immunity against various enteric pathogens. in vitro digestion studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of gastrointestinal secretions on the virus-neutralizing activity of a concentrate prepared from the colostrum of cows that were immunized with rotavirus. the proteolytic activity of human gastric and duodenal fluid specimens was used to design a two-stage in vitro digestion model with commercial enzymes for e ... | 1994 | 7815246 |
| genotypic diversity of reassortants between simian rotavirus sa11 and human rotaviruses having different antigenic specificities and rna patterns. | a total of 200 clones of reassortants were generated in vitro between simian rotavirus sa11 (sa11-l2 strain) and each of five human rotavirus (hrv) strains with different antigenic specificities and rna patterns. when culture fluid coinfected with parent viruses was subjected to repeated selection with anti-hrv-vp4 and anti-sa11-vp7 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, all yielded progenies were antigenic mosaic reassortants possessing vp4 and vp7 derived from sa11 and hrv, respectively. in genom ... | 1994 | 7839008 |
| analyses of homologous rotavirus infection in the mouse model. | the group a rotaviruses are significant human and veterinary pathogens in terms of morbidity, mortality, and economic loss. despite its importance, an effective vaccine remains elusive due at least in part to our incomplete understanding of rotavirus immunity and protection. both large and small animal model systems have been established to address these issues. one significant drawback of these models is the lack of well-characterized wild-type homologous viruses and their cell culture-adapted ... | 1995 | 7871723 |
| effect of orally administered epidermal growth factor on intestinal recovery of neonatal pigs infected with rotavirus. | the effect of oral epidermal growth factor (egf) on histological and biochemical changes in epithelium in the small intestine was studied in colostrum-deprived neonatal pigs. forty-eight pigs were infected at 4 days of age with 2 x 10(7) plaque-forming units of porcine group a rotavirus and orally fed a simulated sow-milk diet supplemented with 0.0, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/l recombinant human egf. sixteen noninfected pigs were fed a diet without egf supplementation. infected pigs developed severe diarrhe ... | 1994 | 7876990 |
| similarity of the vp4 protein of human rotavirus strain 116e to that of the bovine b223 strain. | rotavirus strain 116e was isolated from the fecal specimen of a newborn infant from new delhi who had no symptoms of diarrhea. the strain could not be p typed using the pcr method recently developed in our laboratory so we have sequenced the 4th gene segment that encodes the vp4 protein using viral transcript rna prepared in vitro. this gene is 2353 base pairs in length and codes for a protein 772 amino acids long which begins with a methionine initiation codon at nucleotides 11 to 13 and ends w ... | 1993 | 8386888 |
| a comparative evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of a single dose of unbuffered oral rhesus rotavirus serotype 3, rhesus/human reassortant serotypes 1, 2 and 4 and combined (tetravalent) vaccines in healthy infants. | to assess safety and immunogenicity, 213 healthy infants aged 6 weeks to 4 months were randomized to receive a single dose of placebo, a 10(4) or 10(5) p.f.u. dose of rhesus rotavirus (rrv) serotype 3, human-rrv reassortant (vp-7 serotypes 1, 2 or 4) or a 10(4) or 10(5) p.f.u. dose of tetravalent rotavirus vaccine (containing equal parts of serotype 1, 2, 3 and 4 strains). the infants were fed ad libitum before and after vaccination; no buffer was used. for 7 days after vaccination, potential va ... | 1993 | 8393606 |
| effectiveness of bifidobacterium bifidum in mediating the clinical course of murine rotavirus diarrhea. | human bifidobacterium sp strain bifidum (b. bifidum) was administered to balb/c lactating mice (n = 58) and their litters (n = 327 pups) to evaluate the ingested strain's adherent properties and ability to inhibit murine rotavirus (mrv) infection. elisa and anaerobic bacteriologic techniques were used to measure mrv shedding and colonization of bifidobacterium in the small intestine. at 13-16 d gestation, pregnant dams (and their expected litters) were randomly assigned to one of four experiment ... | 1994 | 7936820 |
| rapid detection of rotavirus in faeces using a dipstick system with monoclonal antibodies and colloidal gold as marker. | rotavirus (rv) is known to be the most common cause of severe diarrhoea in infants and young children, each year leading to an estimated 800,000-900,000 deaths. rv also infects bovines and other species, with high morbidity and mortality. a rapid and simple 'naked-eye' dipstick system was developed to detect human rv in faeces, using nitrocellulose as solid phase, two monoclonal antibodies, and colloidal gold as marker. the system detects 10(4) viral particles (1-2 ng)/g of faeces. for human rv ... | 1994 | 7989446 |
| serum iga immune response to individual rotavirus polypeptides in young children with rotavirus infection. | a human iga-radioimmunoprecipitation assay (iga-ripa) utilizing the galactose-binding lectin jacalin from the jack-fruit artrocarpus integrifolia was developed. among the human immunoglobulins, jacalin binds specifically to immunoglobulin a. the iga-ripa was used to characterize the serum iga response to individual rotavirus polypeptides in nine paired sera from children (8-34 months of age) with an acute rotavirus infection. in acute sera the iga response was mainly directed against the inner c ... | 1994 | 7998832 |
| recurrent circulation of single nonstructural gene substitution reassortants among human rotaviruses with a short rna pattern. | to determine the relative frequency of intergenogroup reassortants of rotavirus in nature, we analyzed the genetic composition of 22 electrophoretically distinct stool isolates which accounted for 95.2% of stool rotaviruses with a short rna pattern collected during 10 rotavirus seasons. these strains all showed subgroup i and g2 specificities, but two distinct hybridization patterns were observed when the probes prepared from wa (a member of the wa genogroup) and kun (a member of the ds-1 genogr ... | 1994 | 8002791 |
| survey on the distribution of the gene 4 alleles of human rotaviruses by polymerase chain reaction. | the presence of six gene 4 alleles (or vp4 genotypes) in human rotaviruses has been recognized. using 16 representative cultivable human rotavirus strains, we confirmed the specificity of vp4 genotyping by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using the nested oligonucleotides specific to each of the four representative gene 4 alleles. using the pcr, we surveyed the gene 4 alleles of 199 human rotaviruses in stools collected in japan and thailand. strains with the gene 4 allele, corresponding to p1a s ... | 1994 | 8005227 |
| comparative analysis of vp8* sequences from rotaviruses possessing m37-like vp4 recovered from children with and without diarrhoea. | rotavirus strains belonging to g types 1 to 4 and having a p3 genotype (m37-like vp4) were recovered from children with symptomatic and asymptomatic infections. partial sequences of their vp4 genes were determined in an attempt to characterize these strains further. the genomic regions encoding vp8*, the connecting and putative fusion peptides and three other regions in vp5* were sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequences were compared with rotavirus strains belonging to different p genotypes t ... | 1994 | 8021606 |
| comparison of the rotavirus nonstructural protein nsp1 (ns53) from different species by sequence analysis and northern blot hybridization. | the nucleotide sequence of gene 5 encoding the rotavirus nonstructural protein nsp1 (ns53) of 6 strains (ew, ehp, rrv, i321, osu, and gottfried) was determined and compared to 6 previously reported strains (sa11, uk, rf, hu803, ds-1, and wa). the 12 rotavirus strains were derived from a total of five separate species (murine, bovine, simian, porcine, and human). gene sizes ranged from 1564 to 1611 nucleotides in length and the deduced protein sequences were found to be 486 to 495 amino acids in ... | 1994 | 8030275 |
| [molecular epidemiology of subgroups and serotypes of rotavirus in children less than 4 years of age in the city of maracaibo with a diarrheal syndrome]. | between november 1989 and january 1991, two hundred stool samples were obtained from children under 4 years of age, hospitalized with diarrhea. sixty stool samples from apparently healthy children were used as controls. rotavirus infections were diagnosed in 28 (14%) specimens using two enzyme immunoassays, (abbott laboratories' kit and monoclonal antibodies). page, elisa and pcr were used to determine electropherotypes, subgroups and serotypes respectively. the study of electropherotypes detect ... | 1994 | 8054379 |
| amino acid sequence similarity of the vp7 protein of human rotavirus hcr3 to that of canine and feline rotaviruses. | the sequence of the vp7 gene of human rotavirus strain hcr3 was determined and its predicted amino acid sequence was compared with that of other rotavirus strains. the vp7 gene is 1062 nucleotides long and contains a single open reading frame of 981 nucleotides capable of encoding a protein of 326 amino acids. the vp7 amino acid sequence similarity of strain hcr3 to those of various human and animal g3 serotypes ranged from 88.7 to 99.4%, and from 60.4 to 88.3% to strains representing each of th ... | 1994 | 8113730 |
| molecular epidemiology of human rotaviruses in manipur: genome analysis of rotaviruses of long electropherotype and subgroup i. | in 1987/88 a winter outbreak of infantile gastroenteritis occurred in manipur, india which was mainly due to rotaviruses of long electropherotype and subgroup (sg) i. the vp7 gene of one of these viruses (m48) has been cloned and sequenced. it was found to be very closely related to the vp7 genes of the g2 serotype human rotaviruses rv-5 and s2. follow-up epidemiology of this event in manipur during 1989-1992 yielded mainly rotaviruses of more conventional characteristics (94 isolates of sg ii a ... | 1994 | 8129617 |
| protection against rotavirus disease after natural rotavirus infection. us rotavirus vaccine efficacy group. | determination of protective efficacy after natural rotavirus infection is important as a basis for evaluating rotavirus vaccines. therefore, placebo recipients in a large 2-year rotavirus vaccine trial conducted across the united states were followed to determine the protection afforded by natural rotavirus infection. serotype 1 rotaviruses predominated (93% year 1, 66% year 2), but isolates of all four major human rotavirus serotypes circulated during both years. of the 45 placebo recipients wi ... | 1994 | 8133107 |
| etiology of diarrhea in a rural community in western thailand: importance of enteric viruses and enterovirulent escherichia coli. | the etiology of gastroenteritis was determined in children and adults with diarrhea seen at a district hospital and three government health clinics in suan phung, western thailand, in 1991. enteric viruses (rotavirus and astrovirus) were identified in 40%, shigellae in 18%, attaching and effacing escherichia coli in 13%, campylobacter jejuni in 9%, and enterotoxigenic e. coli in 7% of children < 5 years old with diarrhea seen at the hospital. enteric viruses were detected in 15% (24/156) of pati ... | 1994 | 8133110 |
| [application of the time-resolved immunofluorometric assay in the detection of viruses]. | two systems of time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (tr-ifma), i.e., lkb system detection of viruses. the viruses detected were mainly adenovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus rotavirus, hepatitis b virus, human immunodeficiency virus, rubella virus, etc. compared with methods of elisa and ria, tr-ifma has the merits of high sensitivity, specificity and consistency with clinical diagnosis. the low detection limit of virus antigen by tr-ifma is between 10-10 ... | 1993 | 8156583 |
| human group b rotavirus: adult diarrhea rotavirus. | | 1996 | 8758349 |
| cloning sequencing and expression of the gene encoding the vp2 protein of the human group b rotavirus, adrv. | adult diarrheal rotavirus, adrv, is a noncultivable human group b rotavirus. a complete cdna copy of adrv gene segment 2 has been cloned and sequenced. gene segment 2 contains 2844 bases and encodes one long open reading frame beginning at base 14 and terminating at base 2812. gene 2 encodes a protein containing 933 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 105.6 kda and a pl of 5.5. the gene 2 polypeptide contains significant homology with the vp2 protein which comprises the core of gro ... | 1994 | 8178482 |
| binding of rotavirus by a 46 kd milk-glycoprotein may prevent gastroenteritis. | | 1993 | 8229555 |
| determination of human rotavirus vp4 using serotype-specific cdna probes. | the vp4 genetic groups of 151 field strains of human rotaviruses obtained from infants and young children with diarrhea from four locations in malaysia were analyzed. the strains were adapted to growth in tissue culture and studied further by molecular hybridization of northern blotted rna to pcr-generated cdna probes representing amino acids 84-180 of the ku strain vp4, 83-181 of the ds-1 strain vp4, and 83-180 of either the 1076 or k8 strain vp4, representing vp4 genetic groups 1-4 (p1a, p1b, ... | 1993 | 8257289 |
| two distinct clusterings of the vp8* gene of rotaviruses possessing the au-1 gene 4 allele. | a phylogenetic tree constructed by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means (upgma) for the vp8* gene from 13 human and two feline rotavirus strains possessing the au-1 gene 4 allele revealed that these strains could be classified into two clusters which did not correspond with the year of isolation or the host species from which they originated. nine of 10 human strains and one feline strain isolated in japan formed one cluster, whereas three human strains from italy and one felin ... | 1993 | 8289689 |
| [human viruses in the coastal environment of a croatian harbor]. | the authors submit the results of a survey on the viral pollution of the costal environment in the vicinity of a croatian harbour on the northern adriatic sea. the presence of human viruses was established in 22% of the sea water samples, 54% of the fluffy sediments samples, 44% of the sandy sediments samples and 26% of the batches of shell-fishes. hepatitis a virus and rotavirus antigens determined by immuno-electro-osmophoresis made up 76.3% and 15.2% of the positive results respectively, wher ... | 1993 | 8296035 |
| analysis of homotypic and heterotypic serum immune responses to rotavirus proteins following primary rotavirus infection by using the radioimmunoprecipitation technique. | three sequential serum samples collected from each of 20 young children with a naturally acquired primary rotavirus infection were assayed by the radioimmunoprecipitation technique for immunoglobulin g antibodies to rotavirus structural and nonstructural proteins of the four major human rotavirus serotypes g1, p1a; g2, p1b; g3, p2; and g4, p2. fourteen children were infected with a serotype g1 rotavirus strain and six children were infected with a serotype g4 rotavirus strain. sera were collecte ... | 1993 | 8381813 |
| proteolytic enhancement of human rotavirus infectivity. | rotaviruses are the most important etiologic agents of severe diarrhea worldwide. despite great advances in vaccine development, little is known about host protection mechanisms other than immunity. this presentation focuses on the proteolytic enhancement of rotavirus infection, with emphasis on the functions of vp4, an outer capsid protein. the in vitro growth of human rotavirus is enhanced by trypsin, which selectively cleaves vp4. treatment with trypsin increases the infectivity of human rota ... | 1993 | 8384014 |
| protective immunity to rotavirus-induced diarrhoea is passively transferred to newborn mice from naive dams vaccinated with a single dose of a recombinant adenovirus expressing rotavirus vp7sc. | vp7sc is a novel rotavirus antigen engineered for presentation at the cell surface. several recombinant viruses were constructed in which vp7sc was inserted into the e3 region of the human type 5 adenovirus (ad5) genome and expression and transport of the antigen was monitored in cultured 293 cells. the recombinant virus showing the greatest level of expression (ad5/7.4) was then used to determine whether antibodies to vp7sc could be induced in a nonhuman host. balb/c and cba/h mice were inocula ... | 1993 | 8384761 |
| incidence of human calicivirus and rotavirus infection in patients with gastroenteritis in south africa. | human caliciviruses (hucvs) are reportedly responsible for 2.5-4% of nonbacterial sporadic gastroenteritis. the incidence of hucv infection in south africa is unknown. stool specimens from 1,296 south african patients with sporadic gastroenteritis were screened for the presence of hucvs using electron microscopy, recombinant enzyme immunoassays for norwalk (nv) and mexican (mx) viruses, and the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). rt-pcr products were sequenced to ascertain ... | 1997 | 9093943 |
| nucleotide sequence of the vp4-encoding gene of an unusual human rotavirus (hcr3). | human rotavirus strain hcr3 was isolated from the stool of a clinically normal infant and identified as a serotype g3 rotavirus; however, it could not be grouped into any known human vp4 genetic groups by a polymerase chain reaction assay. the fourth gene of strain hcr3, which encodes the outer capsid protein vp4, was sequenced. this gene is 2362 nucleotides in length and contains one open reading frame capable of encoding a protein of 776 amino acids. the vp4 protein of strain hcr3 shared 67.5- ... | 1993 | 8396809 |
| electron microscopic evidence for budding process-independent assembly of double-shelled rotavirus particles during passage through endoplasmic reticulum membranes. | slowing down of the maturation process of human rotavirus particles on ice allowed the clear demonstration of two different assembly pathways through the endoplasmic reticulum (er) membrane. one was the 'enveloped' and single-shelled (ss) particle assembly pathway, in which a transient envelope is acquired through the budding of subviral particles from the cytoplasm to the er lumen, and later these 'enveloped' particles are released as ss particles in the er lumen. the other was a double-shelled ... | 1993 | 8397290 |
| passive immunization for prevention of rotavirus illness in healthy infants. | infant formula supplemented with bovine antibody (bcig) to human rotavirus has been reported to prevent or modify rotavirus infection and illness. the purpose of this field trial was to determine the safety and feasibility of passive immunization with bovine antibody for the prevention of rotavirus infection and illness in healthy infants. sixty-four infants, 31 of whom received bcig and 33 placebo, participated in the study. rotavirus infection was detected in 11 (35%) and 14 (42%) infants in t ... | 1993 | 8414797 |
| communicable diseases surveillance. | | 1997 | 9188219 |
| relative frequency of human rotavirus vp4 (p) genotypes recovered over a ten-year period from south african children with diarrhea. | the relative frequency and distribution of the vp4 (p) genotypes of 227 human rotavirus field strains were investigated in south africa. the stool samples were collected between 1984-1993 from infants and young children with diarrhea at ga-rankuwa hospital, pretoria, south africa. the rna was extracted from stools, heat denatured, and dot blotted onto nylon membranes. the blots were hybridized to pcr-generated, 32p radio-labelled vp4-specific probes (corresponding to the hyperdivergent region of ... | 1995 | 8551250 |
| molecular characterization of the 11th rna segment from human group c rotavirus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of genome segment 11 from the noncultivatable, human group c rotavirus (bristol strain) was determined. comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the segment termini with the consensus 5' and 3' terminal noncoding sequences of the human group c rotavirus genome revealed characteristic 5' and 3' sequences. human group c rotavirus genome segment 11 is 613 bp long and encodes a single open reading frame of 450 nucleotides (150 amino acids) starting at nucleotide 39 a ... | 1995 | 8560785 |
| [the sorption of human and animal rotaviruses by enterosgel]. | adsorptive activity of enterosgel has been studied as applied to different strains of rotaviruses of man and animals. optimal amounts of the sorbent and ph values of the reaction medium at which rotaviruses were most efficiently sorbed from the virus-containing liquid were determined experimentally. | 1995 | 8563946 |
| survey of human group c rotaviruses in japan during the winter of 1992 to 1993. | fecal specimens from patients with acute diarrhea were collected from 10 prefectures in japan over a 6-month period (november 1992 to april 1993), and the specimens that were negative for human group a rotaviruses were screened for the presence of human group c rotaviruses (chrvs) by the reverse passive hemagglutination test. of 784 specimens examined, 53 samples (6.8%) that were collected in 7 of 10 prefectures were positive for chrv, indicating that chrvs are widely distributed across japan. m ... | 1998 | 9431910 |
| genetic mapping of the determinants of plaque morphology of coxsackievirus b4. | the genetic determinants of plaque size of two variants of coxsackie-virus b4, cb4-p and cb4-v, were identified using a panel of recombinant, chimeric viruses. when grown in monkey kidney cells, cb4-v yielded large plaques with an average size of 1.0 cm while cb4-p yielded small plaques with an average size of 0.4 cm. two genetic domains, the 5' untranslated region and the vp4 gene sequence, independently influenced plaque size. recombinant viruses containing the cb4-p genetic background with po ... | 1995 | 8572942 |
| genetic and antigenic characterization of a serotype g6 human rotavirus isolated in melbourne, australia. | an unusual rotavirus strain, mg6, was isolated from a 16-month-old child admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis. the virus could not be serotyped (g-typed) by enzyme immunoassay using standard reagents specific for common serotypes of human group a rotaviruses. nucleotide sequencing of cdna derived from the gene encoding the outer capsid protein, vp7, and deduction of the vp7 amino acid sequence indicated that this strain belonged to serotype g6, a serotype normally associated with viru ... | 1995 | 8636702 |
| new vaccines against mucosal pathogens: rotavirus and respiratory syncytial virus. | | 1997 | 9544318 |
| serotype specificity of the neutralizing-antibody response induced by the individual surface proteins of rotavirus in natural infections of young children. | the relative contribution of the rotavirus surface proteins, vp4 and vp7, to the induction of homotypic as well as heterotypic neutralizing antibodies (ntabs) in natural infections was studied. the ntab titers of paired sera from 70 infants with serologically defined primary rotavirus infections were determined with a panel of rotavirus reassortants having one surface protein from a human rotavirus (serotypes g1 to g4 for vp7 and p1a and p1b for vp4) and the other surface protein from a heterolo ... | 1998 | 9605987 |
| hyperimmune cow colostrum reduces diarrhoea due to rotavirus: a double-blind, controlled clinical trial. | the therapeutic efficacy of hyperimmune bovine colostrum (hbc) from cows immunized with four serotypes of human rotavirus was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized trial in 75 boys, aged 6-24 months, infected with rotavirus diarrhoea. the treatment group received 100 ml of hbc three times a day for 3 consecutive days, while the controls received the same amount of bovine colostrum from significantly shorter duration of diarrhoea than the controls (median 56 versus 72 h (p<0.001); confidence in ... | 1995 | 8652974 |
| randomised placebo-controlled trial of rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine for prevention of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. | rotavirus is the most common cause of acute childhood gastroenteritis. vaccination with live oral heterologous rotavirus vaccines may prevent rotavirus gastroenteritis. we assessed the efficacy of rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus tetravalent vaccine (rrv-tv) against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in finnish children in a randomised placebo-controlled double-blind trial. | 1997 | 9652561 |
| safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of one and three doses of the tetravalent rhesus rotavirus vaccine in infants in lima, peru. | an oral rhesus-human rotavirus tetravalent (rrv-tv) vaccine (10(4) pfu of rhesus rotavirus [type g3] and of 3 human-rhesus reassortants [g1, g2, and g4]) was evaluated in a field trial in lima, peru. at 2, 3, and 4 months of age, infants received either a dose of rrv-tv, an initial dose of vaccine followed by a dose of placebo at 3 and 4 months, or a dose of placebo. rotavirus-specific iga responses were detected by elisa in 75% of the three-dose vaccine group, 59% of the one-dose vaccine group ... | 1996 | 8699054 |
| [effects of qiwei baizhu san in inhibiting replication of human rotavirus in vitro]. | qiwei baizhu san was found to have an inhibitory effect on human rotavirus (hrv)at monolayer of ma104 cells. a 50% reduction in plaque number, a 10(1.86)tcid50 decrease in viral replication index and around 60% inhibition in viral rna synthesis were observed at concentration of 100 mg/ml. furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the decoction was low, while its promoting effect on growth and proliferation of the culture cells was observed at the concentrations of 12.5-50 mg/ml. the decoction was also fo ... | 1995 | 8732153 |
| mechanisms of protection against rotavirus in humans and mice. | immune responses following either natural or experimental rotavirus infection provide protection against subsequent rotavirus illnesses, and the mechanisms involved have been examined in humans and animals. in adult volunteers challenged with human rotaviruses, protection has been shown to correlate with serum and intestinal antibodies; however, titers of no specific antibody could be used reliably as a marker of protection, including neutralizing antibody to the challenge virus. studies in chil ... | 1996 | 8752291 |
| the development of multivalent bovine rotavirus (strain wc3) reassortant vaccine for infants. | laboratory and clinical studies have been directed toward development of a vaccine against rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants. first, bovine rotavirus strain wc3, which did not induce neutralizing antibodies to predominant human rotavirus (hrv) serotypes, was determined to be safe and immunogenic; however, it was not protective in all efficacy trials. hrvs adapted to cell culture retained some virulence for infants, but when further attenuated by cold adaptation, they were poorly immunogenic. ... | 1996 | 8752294 |
| serum and intestinal isotype antibody responses and correlates of protective immunity to human rotavirus in a gnotobiotic pig model of disease. | we examined the antibody responses and protection to a human rotavirus (hrv) in gnotobiotic (gn) pigs. pigs were perorally (p.o.) inoculated with attenuated (group 1), virulent (group 2), or inactivated (group 3) wa (p1a[8]g1) hrv. a fourth group was inoculated intramuscularly (i.m.) with inactivated wa hrv in adjuvant. after p.o. challenge with virulent wa hrv at post-inoculation day 21, most group 1, 3 and 4 pigs shed virus and developed diarrhoea, whereas this occurred in only a few group 2 p ... | 1998 | 9820141 |
| rotavirus. | rotavirus, the most common diarrheal pathogen in children worldwide, causes approximately one third of diarrhea-associated hospitalizations and 800,000 deaths per year. because natural infection reduces the incidence and severity of subsequent episodes, rotavirus diarrhea might be controlled through vaccination. serotypespecific immunity may play a role in protection from disease. tetravalent rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine (rrv-tv) (which contains a rhesus rotavirus with serotype g3 ... | 1998 | 9866732 |
| genetic and antigenic analysis of human rotavirus prevalent in al-taif, saudi arabia. | the subgroup, serotype and electropherotype diversity of human rotavirus strains was investigated in al-taif, saudi arabia. out of 349 faecal samples collected from diarrhoeic children, 150 (43 percent) tested rotavirus positive by a group-a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the majority (87 percent) of the infected children were below 2 years of age. subgrouping and serotyping of rotaviruses with specific monoclonal antibodies showed that of the 150 rotavirus positive specimen ... | 1996 | 8816033 |
| epidemiological and clinical features of rotavirus gastroenteritis in oman. | two-hundred-and-seventeen children admitted with diarrhoea and 204 unmatched controls hospitalized during the 2-year period from november 1990 to october 1992 were included in this prospective study. their stool samples were subjected to microscopy, cultures, elisa for rotavirus and electron microscopy. human rotavirus (hrv) was detected in 68 (31 per cent) of the stool samples in the study group and 12 (6 per cent) in the control group. there was an increased incidence in the cooler months of t ... | 1996 | 8820623 |
| use of non-radioactive probes for vp4 typing of human rotaviruses. | the rotavirus outer capsid proteins vp4 and vp7 determine the p- and g-serotypes, respectively, of the virus. three types of vp4 protein are commonly found in human rotaviruses (p4, p6 and p8) which are encoded by distinct vp4 gene alleles. we developed a non-radioactive northern hybridization method for the p-genotyping of rotavirus field isolates. double-stranded rna was isolated from faecal specimens of rotavirus positive patients. digoxigenin (dig)-labelled cdna probes derived from the vp4 g ... | 1996 | 8882937 |
| human rotavirus k8 strain represents a new vp4 serotype. | the complete vp4 gene of the human rotavirus (hrv) k8 strain (g1 serotype) was cloned and inserted into the baculovirus transfer vector pvl941 under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. a k8vp4 recombinant baculovirus was obtained by cotransfection of spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells with transfer vector dna containing the k8vp4 gene and wild-type baculovirus dna. infection of sf9 cells with this vp4 recombinant baculovirus resulted in the production of a protein that is similar in size and ... | 1993 | 8380098 |
| serotypic and genotypic characterization of human serotype 10 rotaviruses from asymptomatic neonates. | human rotaviruses were isolated from asymptomatic neonates at various hospitals and clinics in the city of bangalore, india, and were found to be subgroup i specific and possess long rna patterns (m. sukumaran, k. gowda, p. p. maiya, t. p. srinivas, m. s. kumar, s. aijaz, r. r. reddy, l. padilla, h. b. greenberg, and c. d. rao, arch. virol. 126:239-251, 1992). three of these strains were adapted to tissue culture and found by serotype analysis and neutralization assays to be of serotype 10, a se ... | 1993 | 8380181 |
| distribution of human rotavirus g types circulating in paris, france, during the 1997-1998 epidemic: high prevalence of type g4. | group a human rotavirus g genotypes were determined by means of reverse transcription-pcr in 170 stool specimens from children with acute diarrhea admitted to a paris children's hospital during a 1-year survey (1997 to 1998). the isolates all belonged to types g1 to g4, with type g4 predominating (60%). | 1999 | 10364621 |
| [a comment on the viral etiology of diarrheas]. | | 1993 | 8381198 |
| natural history of human rotavirus infection. | rotavirus infections occur repeatedly in humans from birth to old age. most are asymptomatic or are associated with mild enteric symptoms. infection in young children can be accompanied by severe life-threatening diarrhea, most commonly after primary infection. annual childhood morbidity rates for severe diarrhea are similar worldwide. mortality rates are low in developed countries but approach 1,000,000 annually in young children in developing countries. rotaviruses can be classified into group ... | 1996 | 9015109 |
| the gnotobiotic piglet as a model for studies of disease pathogenesis and immunity to human rotaviruses. | gnotobiotic piglets serve as a useful animal model for studies of human rotavirus infections, including disease pathogenesis and immunity. an advantage of piglets over laboratory animal models is their prolonged susceptibility to human rotavirus-induced disease, permitting cross-protection studies and an analysis of active immunity. major advances in rotavirus research resulting from gnotobiotic piglet studies include: 1) the adaptation of the first human rotavirus to cell culture after passage ... | 1996 | 9015112 |
| the rotavirus enterotoxin nsp4 mobilizes intracellular calcium in human intestinal cells by stimulating phospholipase c-mediated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production. | rotavirus infection is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. the rotavirus nonstructural protein nsp4 acts as a viral enterotoxin to induce diarrhea and causes ca2+-dependent transepithelial cl- secretion in young mice. the cellular basis of this phenomenon was investigated in an in vitro cell line model for the human intestine. intracellular calcium concentration ([ca2+]i) was monitored in fura-2-loaded ht-29 cells using microscope-based fluorescence imag ... | 1997 | 9108087 |
| ganglioside gm(1a) on the cell surface is involved in the infection by human rotavirus kun and mo strains. | rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and children worldwide. the cell attachment of most animal rotaviruses, which belong to the neuraminidase-sensitive strains, requires sialic acid residues on the host cell membranes. on the other hand, most human rotaviruses are classified as neuraminidase-insensitive strains. the involvement of gangliosides on the host cell surface in human rotavirus infection was investigated by immunostaining analysis of target cells, and ... | 1999 | 10502675 |
| isolation from diarrheal and asymptomatic kittens of three rotavirus strains that belong to the au-1 genogroup of human rotaviruses. | a survey of 143 stool specimens collected during a 17-month period in japan from diarrheal and asymptomatic kittens identified three rotavirus strains that were similar in their genomic rna constellation to human rotavirus au-1 (g3p3[9]), lending strong support to the view that rotaviruses belonging to the same genogroup are circulating in both the human and the feline population. | 1997 | 9114424 |
| genetic homogeneity of human serotype g1 rotaviruses isolated during a single epidemic season: implications for vaccine strategies. | the extent of genetic variation of rotavirus isolates representing the common serotype g1 circulating in australian urban centres during 1996 was investigated. the sequences of the major outer capsid glycoprotein, vp7, of three isolates from brisbane, sydney and melbourne were determined and found to be highly conserved (> 99% nucleotide identity, > 98.3% amino acid identity and > 99% amino acid similarity). in particular, the sequences of the neutralisation epitope regions were absolutely conse ... | 1999 | 10672345 |
| emergence of serotype g9 human rotaviruses in australia. | | 2000 | 10699049 |
| prevalence and characteristics of severe rotavirus infections in nicaraguan children. | we analyzed the prevalence of rotavirus in 296 children age between 3 and 36 months who were hospitalized in 1994 with severe gastro-enteritis at two health centres for diarrhoea treatment in león, nicaragua. enteric viruses were detected in 96 (32.4%) of the children and rotaviruses were the most common pathogens detected in 84 (28%). the majority of rotavirus infections occurred in children less than 1 year old and all strains isolated belonged to subgroup ii and had 'long' rna patterns. molec ... | 1997 | 9176574 |
| serologic correlates of immunity in a tetravalent reassortant rotavirus vaccine trial. us rotavirus vaccine efficacy group. | the correlation of antibody responses (serum rotavirus iga and neutralizing antibody to serotype g1-g4 human rotaviruses and rhesus rotavirus [rrv]) in a reassortant rotavirus vaccine trial with protection against rotavirus infection or disease was investigated. most subjects administered 4 x 10(5) pfu of either the serotype g1 monovalent or serotype g1-g4 tetravalent vaccine seroconverted for at least one of the six antibodies (85% and 91%, respectively). however, fewer than one-third seroconve ... | 1997 | 9291301 |
| [rotaviruses in human and veterinary medicine]. | rotaviruses are the commonest cause of diarrhea and are responsible for more than 25% of all deaths from diarrhea worldwide. children become infected early in life and most infections in infants older than 3 months are symptomatic. these viruses account for 18 million cases of moderate or severe disease and 900,000 deaths each year. the incidence of rotaviral disease is similar in developed and developing countries but the number of deaths is higher in developing countries. infections occur thro ... | 1997 | 9296811 |
| comparison of enzyme immunoassay, pcr, and type-specific cdna probe techniques for identification of group a rotavirus gene 4 types (p types). | this study was designed to evaluate three techniques most commonly used to identify the vp4 (p) types of human group a fecal rotaviruses. the techniques included pcr with nested primers and hybridization with pcr-generated probes (to determine the p genotypes). the results obtained by these genetic techniques were evaluated against those obtained by an enzyme immunoassay (eia) incorporating neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (n-mabs) reacting with three major human p serotypes (serotypes p1a, p1 ... | 1997 | 9399502 |
| symptomatic human rotavirus subgroups, serotypes & electropherotypes in hyderabad, india. | a total of 352 stool specimens obtained from children under 2 yr of age with acute diarrhoea, between january 1998 and march 1999, were screened for the presence of rotavirus by rna-page. symptomatic human rotaviruses were detected in 57 of 352 (16.19%) specimens by rna-page. these 57 samples were tested for rotavirus double stranded rna pattern and among these, 46 samples were tested for subgroup and serotype specificities. among the 46 strains tested, 29 strains were found to be subgroup ii an ... | 2000 | 11006653 |
| prevalence of human group a rotavirus serotypes in pune, india (1990-1993). | a total of 205 specimens positive for rotaviruses obtained during 1990-93 surveillance studies of hospitalized patients with diarrhoea were tested by elisa for g serotypes. of these, 107 (52.19%) specimens could be serotyped. seventy four specimens were assigned to one of the g1-g4 serotypes. of the 74 specimens, 49 (66.2%) reacted with mab against g2. of 107 typeable specimens, 33 showed dual or multiple reactivity. eighteen specimens reacted with mab specific to g1 and g2 serotypes. five speci ... | 1997 | 9439097 |
| mutations selected in rotavirus enterotoxin nsp4 depend on the context of its expression. | the rotavirus nsp4 protein is cytotoxic when transiently expressed in cells and is capable of inducing secretory diarrhea in neonatal mice. nsp4 consists of 175 amino acids, and sequences important for its toxic effects have been mapped to the carboxy-terminal half of the protein. in this report, we compared nsp4-encoding nucleotide sequences recovered from cell lines engineered to express nsp4 from human rotavirus strain wa with nsp4 sequences recovered from cells persistently infected with eit ... | 2000 | 11017794 |
| [prevalence of human astrovirus serotypes in shizuoka 1991-96]. | a latex agglutination test (la) for astrovirus types 1-4 detection and typing was used on rotavirus- and adenovirus-negative stool samples from children with diarrhea between 1991 and 1996. of the 478 samples tested, 30 were identified as astrovirus-positive. most of the patients with astrovirus infections were under 2 years old. astrovirus type 1 was the most prevalent serotype; 20/30 (66.7%), followed by type 4 (16.7%), type 3 (13.3%), and type 2 (3.3%). a prevalence of astrovirus-associated d ... | 1998 | 9503778 |
| human-milk lactadherin in protection against rotavirus. | | 1998 | 9635982 |
| immune response to three doses of quadrivalent rotavirus vaccine: 1-year follow-up. | twenty-eight children who received three doses of the quadrivalent rotavirus vaccine with 4 x 10(5) plaque-forming units (p.f.u.) were followed during a year after vaccination. serum samples were obtained and evaluated for rotavirus iga and neutralizing antibodies against vaccine and human rotavirus strains. at the end of the study, up to 61% of the children showed an increase in circulating iga antibody levels. nearly all of the vaccinated children increased their neutralizing antibody titres a ... | 1998 | 9682377 |
| [longitudinal observations on the circulation of rotaviruses in nizhny novgorod using molecular-genetic methods]. | 1370 natural strains of human rotaviruses which circulated on the territory of nizhny novgorod during the period of 1984-1996 were differentiated with the use of electrophoretic typing of rna. 58 electrophoretic types of rna were detected; of these, 8 types dominated in the populations. the specific features of the circulation of strains with different electrophoretic types of rna were characterized: co-circulation, time of domination, the change of the dominating genetic variant of the virus co ... | 1998 | 9700875 |
| characterisation of g serotype dependent non-antibody inhibitors of rotavirus in normal mouse serum. | serotype specific (non-immunoglobulin) inhibitors of rotavirus have been identified in normal mouse serum obtained from balb/c, cba, and bl10 mice. sialic acid was essential for the neutralising activity sera treated with the neuraminidase from vibrio cholerae failed to neutralise rotavirus. g serotypes 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 10 were unaffected by the inhibitor(s) while g serotypes 1, 2, 6 and two g3 strains were neutralised to significant titres. assessment of neutralisation of reassortants suggest ... | 1998 | 9722874 |
| [prevalence of subgroups, serotypes, and electropherotypes of human rotavirus in cumanaá, venezuela]. | from june 1992 to may 1993, rotaviruses were detected by an immunoenzymatic assay in 159 (49.5%) of 321 children admitted to the hospital with acute diarrhea. of the 159 cases elisa positive, 80 samples were chosen at random to investigate subgroups and serotypes of group a human rotavirus. by the elisa test 9 (11.3%) of the strains were subgroup i, 46 (57.5%) were subgroup ii, and 25 (31.3%) could not be grouped. the serotype g1 was identified in 52 cases (65%), g2 in 11 cases (13.8%), g3 in 1 ... | 1998 | 9780556 |
| prevalence of enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis in children with diarrhea in japan. | in age-matched controlled studies performed in japan, enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis was isolated from 14.9% of 114 children aged 1 to 14 years with antibiotic-unassociated diarrhea (aud) and 6.5% of 108 children aged 1 to 6 years with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad). the difference in comparison with control children, was significant for aud children but not aad children. | 1999 | 9986859 |
| epidemiology of rotavirus in infants and protection against symptomatic illness afforded by primary infection and vaccination. | this study assessed the frequency of symptomatic and asymptomatic primary and secondary infections with rotavirus in children under 24 months and determined protection against symptomatic illness afforded by rhesus and human-rhesus rotavirus reassortant vaccines. successive cohorts of children (n 236) were followed through five winter rotavirus seasons with cultures of each reported episode of diarrheal disease and serologic determination of rotavirus exposure on paired sera bracketing the winte ... | 1999 | 10067679 |
| effects of different adjuvants on rotavirus antibody responses and protection in mice following intramuscular immunization with inactivated rotavirus. | i.m. immunization of mice with inactivated rotavirus particles protects against subsequent infection. to optimize protection, the effects of different adjuvants (qs-21, qs-7, quil a, pcpp and ras) with potential for human use were compared. twenty-eight days after i.m. immunization with 20 microg of purified, uv/psoralen-inactivated murine rotavirus (edim), either with or without adjuvant, balb/c mice were orally challenged with live edim and virus shedding was measured. all five adjuvants stimu ... | 1999 | 10195795 |
| human and most animal rotavirus strains do not require the presence of sialic acid on the cell surface for efficient infectivity. | the outer capsid spike protein vp4 is the main rotavirus cell attachment protein, but the cellular receptor used by rotavirus to establish a productive infection remains unknown. sialic acid (sa) residues on the cell surface have been shown to be required for efficient binding and infectivity of animal rotaviruses (arvs), but not of human rotaviruses (hrvs). since the sa dependence of only a limited number of strains has been tested to date, in this study a larger number of strains were tested t ... | 1999 | 10211964 |
| g3p2 rotaviruses causing diarrhoeal disease in neonates differ in vp4, vp7 and nsp4 sequence from g3p2 strains causing asymptomatic neonatal infection. | during longitudinal epidemiological studies of rotavirus infections in children in melbourne, australia human g3p2 rotavirus strains causing asymptomatic or symptomatic infections have been identified. eleven strains (as strains) associated with asymptomatic infection of newborn babies from 1974-1984, and five strains (s strains) associated with symptomatic infection of newborn babies (4) or a 22 week old infant (1) during 1980-1986 were studied. the entire nucleotide sequences of genes coding f ... | 1996 | 8893789 |
| immunogenicity, safety and efficacy of tetravalent rhesus-human, reassortant rotavirus vaccine in belém, brazil. | a tetravalent rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus (rrv-tv) vaccine (4 x 10(4) plaque-forming units/dose) was evaluated for safety, immunogenicity and efficacy in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 540 brazilian infants. doses of vaccine or placebo were given at ages 1, 3 and 5 months. no significant differences were noted in the occurrence of diarrhoea or vomiting in vaccine and placebo recipients following each dose. low-grade fever occurred on days 3-5 i ... | 1996 | 9002329 |
| molecular epidemiology of human rotaviruses: genogrouping by rna-rna hybridization. | rna-rna hybridization performed under high stringency conditions allows rotavirus isolates to be grouped together based on the overall similarity of their genomic rna constellation. classification by this scheme has been termed "genogrouping". genogrouping has advanced molecular epidemiology of human rotaviruses. major observations include (i) interspecies transmission occurs in nature and (ii) intergenogroup reassortment occurs in nature with or without exchange of serotype-determining genes. g ... | 1996 | 9015106 |
| genetic variation in the vp4 and nsp4 genes of human rotavirus serotype 3 (g3 type) isolated in china and japan. | sequence analyses of the vp4 and nsp4 genes were performed on twenty human isolates of serotype g3 rotavirus obtained from china and japan. one isolate from china, chw17, possessed p[4] genotype vp4 and kun group nsp4 genes which are associated with g2. one isolate (02/92) from japan, which was shown to have a wider spacing between rna segments 10 and 11 by rna polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis like au-1, possessed p[9] genotype vp4 and au-1 group nsp4 genes. the other isolates had p[8 ... | 1999 | 10229272 |
| tetravalent rotavirus vaccine. | to review the clinical efficacy, safety, and pharmacoeconomic data about the use of rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus tetravalent vaccine (rrv-tv) in infants and children. | 1999 | 10466913 |
| sequence analysis of the gene encoding vp4 of a bovine group c rotavirus: molecular evidence for a new p genotype. | nucleotide sequence of the bovine group c rotavirus shintoku strain gene 3 was determined. segment 3 is 2253 nucleotides (nt) in length and contains a long open reading frame (orf) beginning at nt 22 and terminating at nt 2223. this orf encodes a polypeptide of 733 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 83 kda. the deduced gene 3 amino acid sequence shares 79% and 73% identities with vp4 of the porcine cowden and human bristol strains, respectively. lack of high amino acid sequence homol ... | 1999 | 10499454 |