| rapid increase in hiv rates--orel oblast, russian federation, 1999-2001. | during 1999-2001, the estimated number of cases of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) reported officially in the russian federation increased approximately 16-fold, from 11,000 to 177,000. in 2001, of 49,434 hiv-infected persons for whom a risk factor was identified, 46,274 (94%) were injection-drug users (idus). however, the actual number of hiv-infected persons in russia is estimated to be four to 10 times higher than reported. rapid increases in hiv have been reported in urban areas (e.g., ka ... | 2003 | 12869903 |