| rates of borrelia burgdorferi infection in ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) in southwestern wisconsin. | ixodes dammini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin collected from a study site in southwestern wisconsin were examined for borrelia burgdorferi infection. adult spirochete infection rates varied seasonally (38.1%, spring 1990; 60.3%, fall 1990; 41.2%, spring 1991) and were similar to or higher than rates reported in various studies from the northeastern united states. statistical comparison of seasonal infection rates indicated a significant difference between the fall 1990 adult population and ... | 1992 | 1495049 |
| seroprevalence of lyme disease in gray wolves from minnesota and wisconsin. | to determine the seroprevalence of lyme disease in gray wolves (canis lupus) from various counties of minnesota and wisconsin (usa), 589 serum samples were collected from 528 wolves from 1972 to 1989. an indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test was used to detect the presence of antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi. titers of greater than or equal to 1:100 were considered positive. results were confirmed by testing a few selected sera by western blotting. of the 589 sera tested, 15 (3%) had i ... | 1992 | 1602567 |
| lyme disease surveillance--united states, 1989-1990. | surveillance for lyme disease (ld) was initiated by cdc in 1982 (1), and in january 1991, ld became nationally reportable (2). forty-six states reported cases in 1989 and 1990 (figure 1), but the occurrence in nature of the causative bacterium, borrelia burgdorferi, has not been documented in all of these states. from 1982 through 1989, the annual reported number of cases of ld increased 18-fold (from 497 to 8803, respectively) and from 1986 through 1989, nearly doubled each year (figure 2). the ... | 1991 | 2046649 |
| antibodies to borrelia sp. in wild foxes and coyotes from wisconsin and minnesota. | serum samples from 93 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and nine gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) trapped in wisconsin and 23 coyotes (canis latrans) trapped in wisconsin and minnesota were tested for antibodies to borrelia sp. with an indirect fluorescent antibody test which used borrelia burgdorferi as the whole-cell antigen. seven red foxes (8%) and two coyotes (9%) had antibody titers greater than or equal to 1:64. all the positive samples were from areas known to be endemic for human lyme dise ... | 1989 | 2644451 |
| lyme disease and migrating birds in the saint croix river valley. | during a study of migrating land birds in 1987, we examined over 9,200 individual birds representing 99 species from the saint croix river valley, a lyme disease-endemic area of east central minnesota and northwestern wisconsin. we found that 250 deer tick (ixodes dammini) larvae and nymphs infested 58 birds from 15 migrant species; 56 ticks (22.4%) were positive for the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. five ground-foraging migrant bird species favoring mesic habitats, veery (cathar ... | 1989 | 2782872 |
| borreliosis in free-ranging black bears from wisconsin. | blood, kidney and tick samples were obtained from 18 hunter-killed black bears (ursus americanus) from three sites in northern wisconsin. a borrelia sp., morphologically and antigenically similar to borrelia burgdorferi, was isolated from the blood of two of the animals, and from the kidney of a third. ixodes dammini and dermacentor variabilis were found on the bears. this is the first report of borreliosis in the ursidae, and of the primary vector of lyme disease, i. dammini, from this host. | 1988 | 3373646 |
| lyme disease spirochetes in ticks collected from birds in midwestern united states. | in a tick-spirochete survey conducted from all 1989 through fall 1992 in north-western wisconsin, 4,256 birds (composed of 91 species) were examined for ticks. infestations were recorded for 400 birds (composed of 30 species). of 1,184 ticks taken from 335 birds (composed of 26 species), 60 (5%) haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard) from 8 species of birds were infected with the lyme disease spirochete. borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner. similar surveys conduct ... | 1996 | 8667384 |
| borrelia burgdorferi-infected ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) and peromyscus leucopus in northeastern wisconsin. | populations of the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis say, are established in western and central wisconsin in the upper midwestern united states, but appear to be expanding geographically there. here, we report a previously unknown population in northeastern wisconsin. questing i. scapularis nymphs and adults were collected by flagging vegetation from a riverine site in marinette county, wisconsin, in spring of 1993 and 1994. dissection and culture of tick guts in modified barbour-stoenner-kel ... | 1996 | 8906923 |
| coinfection with babesia microti and borrelia burgdorferi in a western wisconsin resident. | a 68-year-old woman, who had not traveled outside of western wisconsin, was hospitalized after 4 weeks of chills, fevers, myalgias, neuralgias in her right arm, and pain in the right upper quadrant of her abdomen. physical examination revealed hepatosplenomegaly, and laboratory studies showed anemia, thrombocytopenia, increased aspartate transaminase level, and microscopic hematuria. wright's stain of a blood smear revealed intraerythrocytic organisms consistent with babesia species. a polymeras ... | 1998 | 9559037 |
| molecular characterization of borrelia spp. isolates from greater metropolitan chicago reveals the presence of borrelia bissettii. preliminary report. | lyme disease in the us is concentrated in three endemic areas: the northeast, the upper mid-west, and the pacific coast. in the mid-west, the range of lyme disease has expanded to include large parts of wisconsin and minnesota. despite its proximity to the mid-western focus, illinois, so far, has not been considered an endemic area. however, more recent data suggest that this situation may be changing. also, the extent of borrelial diversity in the mid-west remains largely unexplored. here, we p ... | 2000 | 11075925 |
| cosegregation of a novel bartonella species with borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti in peromyscus leucopus. | during surveillance for various tickborne pathogens in the upper midwest during the summer and early fall of 1995, a bartonella-like agent was detected in the blood of mice that were concurrently infected with borrelia burgdorferi or babesia microti (or both). the organism was isolated in pure culture after inoculation of blood from wild-caught mice into c.b-17 scid/scid mice. phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna and the citrate synthase genes showed that the novel bartonella species and a bart ... | 1998 | 9466529 |
| canine surveillance system for lyme borreliosis in wisconsin and northern illinois: geographic distribution and risk factor analysis. | a seroprevalence survey for borrelia burgdorferi was conducted among the healthy canine pet population in selected counties of wisconsin and northern illinois to determine the distribution of lyme disease and associated risk factors. information obtained for each dog included place of residence, lyme disease vaccination status, history of travel and tick exposure, signalment, and medical history. serum samples were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed by an immunoblot proc ... | 2001 | 11716112 |
| interlaboratory comparison of test results for detection of lyme disease by 516 participants in the wisconsin state laboratory of hygiene/college of american pathologists proficiency testing program. | in 1991, we reported that 55% of laboratories participating in the wisconsin proficiency testing program could not accurately identify serum samples from lyme disease patients containing antibody against borrelia burgdorferi. the purpose of this study was to determine whether the accuracy of lyme disease test results reported by approximately 500 participants in the wisconsin state laboratory of hygiene/college of american pathologists lyme disease survey had improved. from 1992 through 1994, 50 ... | 1997 | 9041384 |
| isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from skin biopsy specimens of patients with erythema migrans. | procedures for the cultural isolation and identification of borrelia burgdorferi from skin biopsy specimens are described. b. burgdorferi was isolated from 24 of 34 skin biopsy specimens from patients with erythema migrans. eight of the culture-positive patients had single, primary lesions and 16 had multiple, secondary lesions. the 17 male and 7 female patients were 2 to 70 years old. biopsy samples were obtained from erythematous or normal-appearing skin within 1 cm of the peripheral aspect of ... | 1993 | 8422007 |
| primary and secondary erythema migrans in central wisconsin. | we report a series of 28 consecutive patients with erythema migrans (em) who underwent skin biopsies for culture of borrelia burgdorferi. culture results, lyme serologic findings, and clinical features in patients with only primary em are compared with those in patients with secondary em. | 1993 | 8389536 |
| infection and co-infection rates of anaplasma phagocytophilum variants, babesia spp., borrelia burgdorferi, and the rickettsial endosymbiont in ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) from sites in indiana, maine, pennsylvania, and wisconsin. | in total, 394 questing adult blacklegged ticks, ixodes scapularis say (acari: ixodidae), collected at four sites were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for five microbial species: anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia microti, babesia odocoilei, borrelia burgdorferi, and the rickettsial i. scapularis endosymbiont. identities of genetic variants of a. phagocytophilum were determined by sequencing a portion of the 16s dna. in 55% of infected ticks (193/351), a single agent was detected. in ... | 2008 | 18402145 |
| borrelia burgdorferi infection in dairy cows, rodents, and birds from four wisconsin dairy farms. | a combination of culture and subsequent spirochete identification with the polymerase chain reaction technique was used to identify cows, rodents, and birds infected with borrelia burgdorferi. animals were trapped on four wisconsin dairy farms during the summer of 1990. farms 1 and 2 were located in counties nonendemic for lyme disease and farms 3 and 4 were located in counties endemic for lyme disease. the results of the rodent and bird samples were as follows given as the number yielding organ ... | 1993 | 8362496 |
| childhood neurologic disorders and lyme disease during pregnancy. | to determine the prevalence of clinically significant nervous system disease attributable to transplacental transmission of borrelia burgdorferi, we surveyed neurologists in areas of the united states in which lyme disease is endemic (i.e., massachusetts, rhode island, connecticut, new york, new jersey, wisconsin, and minnesota). overall, 162 of the 176 (92%) pediatric neurologists contacted responded to the survey with a range of 90-100% in the different geographic areas. one pediatric neurolog ... | 1994 | 7986291 |
| seroepidemiologic survey of borrelia burgdorferi exposure of dairy cattle in wisconsin. | an elisa, using purified flagellin of borrelia burgdorferi as the solid-phase antigen, was used to measure antibody concentrations to b burgdorferi in dairy cattle in wisconsin. serum obtained from 5,060 cows in 160 randomly selected herds in the state were tested. serum from an additional 2,600 cattle in barron county, wis, a county with a high annual incidence of b burgdorferi infections in human beings, was also tested. only 7% of the cows that were tested, but 66% of the herds that were test ... | 1994 | 7802388 |
| ixodes dammini as a potential vector of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. | little is known about the epidemiology and mode of transmission of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge). analyses of an engorged female ixodes dammini tick removed from an hge patient and 101 field-collected i. dammini and dermacentor variabilis from three wisconsin counties for borrelia burgdorferi and ehrlichia phagocytophila/ehrlichia equi dna revealed that the patient tick and 7 of 68 i. dammini ticks from washburn county collected in 1982 and 1991 were positive for ehrlichial ... | 1995 | 7561173 |
| genotypic and phenotypic characterization of borrelia burgdorferi isolated from ticks and small animals in illinois. | we have characterized 33 isolates of borrelia burgdorferi from northern illinois (32 isolates) and wisconsin (1 isolate) representing the largest series of midwestern isolates investigated to date. the techniques used for molecular analysis of strains included (i) genospecies typing with species-specific pcr primers, (ii) plasmid profiling by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of total genomic dna, (iii) large-restriction-fragment pattern (lrfp) analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of mlui ... | 1995 | 7494019 |
| lyme disease ecology in wisconsin: distribution and host preferences of ixodes dammini, and prevalence of antibody to borrelia burgdorferi in small mammals. | lyme disease recently has been recognized in wisconsin. trapping studies were conducted at four geographically separate and ecologically distinct regions in wisconsin to elucidate the distribution and host preferences of ixodes dammini on small and medium sized mammals, and the occurrence of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in these wild mammals. peak i. dammini larval activity occurred from june-september. nymphs were most active from may-august. white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) and ch ... | 1987 | 3605501 |
| natural exposure of wisconsin dogs to the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi). | lyme disease, a tick-borne disease caused by borrelia burgdorferi, has been described recently in dogs. in a serologic survey of specimens obtained from march to september 1984, 53% of 380 dogs from two usda licensed vendors in wisconsin were positive for indirect immunofluorescent antibodies to b. burgdorferi at a serum dilution of 1:64 or greater. b. burgdorferi was cultured from the blood of 8/111 dogs. these findings suggest that exposure to this spirochete is common in endemic areas and tha ... | 1986 | 3523038 |
| immunoblot analysis of immunoglobulin g response to the lyme disease agent (borrelia burgdorferi) in experimentally and naturally exposed dogs. | immunoblots were used to study the immunoglobulin g response to borrelia burgdorferi in experimentally and naturally exposed dogs. adsorption studies confirmed that the antibodies were specific for b. burgdorferi. experimentally exposed dogs were asymptomatic. naturally exposed dogs included both asymptomatic animals and animals showing signs compatible with lyme disease. naturally exposed dogs were from four geographic regions of the country. no differences were detected between immunoblot patt ... | 1988 | 3366860 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in white-footed mice and ixodes dammini at fort mccoy, wis. | borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, was isolated from 15 of 17 white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) and 54 of 82 subadult ixodes dammini from fort mccoy, wis. of the 47 isolates tested, all reacted in indirect fluorescent-antibody tests with monoclonal antibodies directed against a surface protein of b. burgdorferi (approximate molecular weight, 31,000) and flagellins that are common to all borrelia species. indirect fluorescent-antibody reactions were variable when an ... | 1987 | 3305566 |
| borrelia burgdorferi infection surrounding la crosse, wis. | this investigation defined the extent of borrelia burgdorferi infection surrounding la crosse, wis. white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus or p. maniculatis, were captured from sites in wisconsin, minnesota, and iowa and cultured for b. burgdorferi to define the local boundaries of the midwestern lyme disease area. all foci of b. burgdorferi infection (n1, n2, n3, and n4) were located north of interstate highway 90 except focus s2, which was south of the highway near fort mccoy, wis. the interst ... | 1988 | 3230137 |
| borrelia burgdorferi infection in wisconsin horses and cows. | blood samples from wisconsin horses and cows suspected of having clinical disease due to borrelia burgdorferi infection were submitted by veterinary practitioners. all serum, milk, colostrum, and synovial samples were tested for b. burgdorferi antibodies by immunofluorescence. whole blood, milk, colostrum, and synovial fluid samples were cultured for b. burgdorferi. records were kept on the clinical signs of antibody-positive animals, date of sample, and location of the animal by county. of the ... | 1988 | 3190095 |
| lyme hysteria. | | 1989 | 2781819 |
| status of ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) in illinois. | ixodes dammini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin was found for the first time in illinois in november 1987, when two adult females were collected from two deer in jo daviess county in the northwestern corner of the state. in 1988, in a study of six state parks in northern illinois, questing adults and nymphs were encountered in one park in ogle county. during the firearm deer hunt in november 1988, adult female and male ticks were found in several counties, with a high rate of infestation (gr ... | 1990 | 2388231 |
| the prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi seropositivity in an area endemic for lyme disease. | we conducted a seroprevalence survey of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in west central wisconsin, an area endemic for lyme disease. one hundred and thirty-seven of 153 patients having blood drawn at the eau claire family medicine clinic and the associated rural augusta practice participated in the study and were tested for the presence of antibodies to b burgdorferi and questioned about lyme disease risk factors. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that 15 (10.9%) of the 137 persons ... | 1990 | 2293487 |
| frequency and clinical significance of lyme seropositivity in patients with isolated optic neuritis. | we evaluated antibody reactivity against borrelia burgdorferi in 20 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed isolated optic neuritis who resided in a region endemic for lyme disease. four (20%) patients had positive serology. all three patients who had follow-up serologies showed rising convalescent levels of borrelia-specific igm. one patient refused lumbar puncture, one had normal csf constituents except for an elevated lyme antibody index, and two had csf lymphocytic pleocytosis that remaine ... | 1991 | 2027487 |
| survey for ixodes spp. and borrelia burgdorferi in southeastern wisconsin and northeastern illinois. | forested areas adjacent to milwaukee, wis., and chicago, ill., were investigated for rodents and ticks infected with borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease. white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus or peromyscus maniculatus), meadow voles (microtus pennsylvanicus), and eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus) were captured; and specimens from these animals were cultured for b. burgdorferi to define whether the midwestern lyme disease area currently encompasses these large metropolita ... | 1991 | 2007650 |
| performance of 45 laboratories participating in a proficiency testing program for lyme disease serology. | we show that significant interlaboratory and intralaboratory variations exist in lyme disease proficiency testing. | 1992 | 1640618 |
| prevalence of antibody to borrelia burgdorferi by indirect fluorescent antibody assay, elisa, and western immunoblot in healthy adults in wisconsin and arizona. | the prevalence of antibody to borrelia burgdorferi in healthy adults from wisconsin and arizona was determined by indirect fluorescent antibody assay (ifa), elisa, and western immunoblotting. a total of 301 sera from adult volunteer blood donors were collected from three areas of wisconsin and compared with 49 consecutive anonymous adult volunteer donor sera from tucson, arizona, an area without reported lyme borreliosis. regional differences in seropositivity were found for western immunoblotti ... | 1992 | 1583334 |
| dna analysis of borrelia burgdorferi nch-1, the first northcentral u.s. human lyme disease isolate. | the dna of the first northcentral united states human lyme disease isolate, borrellia burgdorferi nch-1, was characterized and compared with the dnas of nine other b. burgdorferi isolates. strain nch-1 was isolated in august 1989 from a human skin biopsy specimen. dna was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and restriction endonuclease analysis. contour-clamped homogeneous electric field pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of in situ-lysed cells was performed to compare the plasmid profile ... | 1992 | 1551988 |
| tickborne infections as a cause of nonspecific febrile illness in wisconsin. | lyme disease, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge), and babesiosis are tickborne infections that are indigenous to wisconsin. to assess their importance as a cause of nonspecific fever, we recruited patients with febrile illness at 10 clinics in northwestern wisconsin from may through august of both 1997 and 1998. eligible patients had a temperature >38.0 degrees c but no rash or other localizing source. acute and convalescent serological tests were performed for borrelia burgdorferi, babesia m ... | 2001 | 11317244 |
| ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae): abundance and rate of infection with borrelia burgdorferi in four state parks in wisconsin. | four state parks located in lyme disease endemic regions of wisconsin were surveyed for the presence of ixodes scapularis say during may and june of 1998 by drag sampling along hiking trails. nymphal abundance varied between parks, with the average number of nymphs encountered in 1 h ranging from 6.2 +/- 3.8-47.1 +/- 36.3 (mean +/- sd). questing nymphs were tested for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi by culture in bsk medium and 7-12% was found to be infected. the average risk of encounterin ... | 2001 | 11268688 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies that react with anaplasma phagocytophila, the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, in different populations in westchester county, new york. | we determined the frequencies of antibodies to anaplasma phagocytophila, the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge), in different groups of adults and children from westchester county, new york. the groups included 159 adult blood donors and 215 children who were seronegative for borrelia burgdorferi antibodies, 118 adult patients and 57 children who were seropositive for b. burgdorferi antibodies, and 42 adult patients with culture-confirmed erythema migrans. eighteen (11.3%) of the blo ... | 2002 | 12089287 |
| presence of borrelia burgdorferi (spirochaetales: spirochaetaceae) in southern kettle moraine state forest, wisconsin, and characterization of strain w97f51. | lyme disease, caused by borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmidt, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner; babesiosis, caused by babesia microti franca; and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum bakken & dumler have been reported in wisconsin, mainly in the endemic areas of the northwestern part of the state. people exposed to blacklegged ticks, ixodes scapularis say, from this region can potentially contract one or all of these diseases concurrently. within the past several year ... | 2005 | 15962800 |
| lyme disease--united states, 2003-2005. | lyme disease is caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi and is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected blacklegged ticks (ixodes spp.). early manifestations of infection include fever, headache, fatigue, and a characteristic skin rash called erythema migrans. left untreated, late manifestations involving the joints, heart, and nervous system can occur. a healthy people 2010 objective (14-8) is to reduce the annual incidence of lyme disease to 9.7 new cases per 100,000 population in 1 ... | 2007 | 17568368 |
| surveillance for lyme disease--united states, 1992-2006. | lyme disease is a multisystem disease that occurs in north america, europe, and asia. in the united states, the etiologic agent is borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, a spirochete transmitted to humans by infected ixodes scapularis and i. pacificus ticks. the majority of patients with lyme disease develop a characteristic rash, erythema migrans (em), accompanied by symptoms of fever, malaise, fatigue, headache, myalgia, or arthralgia. other manifestations of infection can include arthritis, card ... | 2008 | 18830214 |
| antibiotic treatment duration and long-term outcomes of patients with early lyme disease from a lyme disease-hyperendemic area. | the length of antibiotic therapy and long-term outcomes in patients with early lyme disease are incompletely described. we report the long-term clinical outcomes of patients with early localized and early disseminated lyme disease based on the duration of antibiotic therapy prescribed. | 2010 | 20070237 |
| Expansion of the Midwestern focus for human granulocytic anaplasmosis into the region surrounding La Crosse, Wisconsin. | Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), shares the same enzootic life cycle as Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Although La Crosse, WI, is a well-recognized Lyme disease focus with an abundance of Ixodes scapularis vector ticks and the first documentation of HGA occurred in patients from northwestern Wisconsin, local transmission of A. phagocytophilum has not to date been documented. In this study, we evaluated DNA extrac ... | 2011 | 21918026 |