| in vitro chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in malabo, equatorial guinea: case reports. | for many years the chloroquine-resistant problem in africa was circumscribed to east africa, but in the last two years it has been spreading progressively to the west. we report here the two first cases of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria imported into spain from equatorial guinea. both cases show a parasitological grade iii resistance in a w.h.o. in vitro macrotest. the clinical recovery with the alternative treatment (fansidar) was satisfactory. | 1987 | 3319372 |
| the epidemiology of malaria in prábis, guinea-bissau. | this article reports upon a community survey of malaria in prábis, guinea-bissau. a house to house census of the population was initially carried out from august to december 1991 (rainy season). after completing the census of each village, the population was invited to come, a week later, to a central point, where they were medically examined and finger-prick blood samples were collected for epidemiological characterization of the malaria situation in the area. the blood films of the one single ... | 1996 | 8734944 |
| [congenital malaria in guinea-bissau]. | | 1987 | 3313571 |
| follow-up of the antibody response to measles vaccine in a rural area of guinea-bissau. | one hundred and fourty-four children who either were already immune or had been successfully immunized against measles were reexamined after 16 months. all still had circulating elisa antibodies at a clearly detectable level. titres were higher in the group of children stated to have had measles prior to the immunization. none of the children had measles after immunization. boostering by the wild virus may have occurred, whereas no evidence of a booster effect from the vaccine was found. about o ... | 1988 | 3144827 |
| no pfmdr1 amplifications in samples from guinea-bissau and liberia collected between 1981 and 2004. | | 2006 | 16897676 |
| augmented antibody response to live attenuated measles vaccine in children with plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia. | the impact of malarial infection on the humoral immunological response to measles virus antigen was studied in 184 children aged 8-19 months in guinea-bissau. pre- and post-immunization measles serology was performed using dried blood on absorbent paper and the elisa technique. blood smears obtained at the time of vaccination and 2 and 4 weeks afterwards were examined for malaria parasites. pre-vaccination antibodies to measles were found in 44 out of 184 children (24%). plasmodium falciparum wa ... | 1986 | 2425725 |
| chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria in guinea-bissau. | | 1991 | 2068753 |
| low doses of quinine during a short time period are effective for clearance of plasmodium falciparum in asymptomatic children in guinea bissau. | asymptomatic children in guinea bissau were given 5 mg quinine per kg body weight two times daily for 5 days (n = 18) or 3 days (n = 20) for treatment of plasmodium falciparum. parasites disappeared within four days after initiation of treatment and remained absent during the first week afterwards. six children reported adverse reactions, mainly mild tinnitus which disappeared after termination of treatment. reduced doses of quinine for shorter treatment periods was effective in this study. furt ... | 1991 | 1896775 |
| clearance of plasmodium falciparum after reduced single daily doses of quinine in asymptomatic children in guinea bissau. | asymptomatic schoolchildren in guinea bissau were given approximately 10 mg of quinine/kg body weight once daily during 5 days (n = 15) or 3 days (n = 16) for treatment of p. falciparum. five children had parasitemia on the seventh day of follow up. adverse reactions were reported by 12 children during treatment, mainly mild tinnitus, dizziness and vomiting. single daily doses were less effective than the divided doses previously used by us for the same short time period and also associated with ... | 1991 | 1796238 |
| no benefits from combining chloroquine with artesunate for three days for treatment of plasmodium falciparum in guinea-bissau. | the use of a combination of chloroquine and artesunate has been suggested for treatment of malaria in africa. we used concomitant as well as sequential medication with these 2 drugs in relation to each drug separately for children infected with plasmodium falciparum in guinea-bissau from march 2000 to november 2001. by block-randomization, 474 children with symptomatic malaria were divided into 4 groups and given either a total of 8 mg artesunate per kg bodyweight for 3 d, a total of 25 mg chlor ... | 2003 | 15259473 |
| comparison of surveillance methods applied to a situation of low malaria prevalence at rural sites in the gambia and guinea bissau. | health record-based observations from several parts of africa indicate a major decline in malaria, but up-to-date information on parasite prevalence in west-africa is sparse. this study aims to provide parasite prevalence data from three sites in the gambia and guinea bissau, respectively, and compares the usefulness of pcr, rapid diagnostic tests (rdt), serology and slide-microscopy for surveillance. | 2009 | 19954532 |
| genetic markers of resistance to pyrimethamine and sulfonamides in plasmodium falciparum parasites compared with the resistance patterns in isolates of escherichia coli from the same children in guinea-bissau. | the antifolate drugs sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine are used for treatment of chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum in africa. resistance to pyrimethamine has been associated with point mutations in the dhfr-gene and resistance to sulphadoxine with mutations in the dhps-gene. there is concern that the use of the antifolates trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole for treatment of other infectious diseases will result in the selection of malaria parasites with mutations in these genes. in guinea ... | 2004 | 14728622 |
| functional characteristics of the malaria parasite's "chloroquine resistance transporter": implications for chemotherapy. | chloroquine (cq) was the best and most heavily used drug in the fight against malaria. however, the effectiveness of cq has declined with the emergence and spread of cq-resistant (cqr) plasmodium falciparum parasites. the primary determinant of cq resistance in p. falciparum is mutations in the parasite's 'chloroquine resistance transporter' (pfcrt). these mutations result in a marked reduction in the accumulation of cq by the parasite; however the mechanism by which this is achieved was not und ... | 2010 | 21178460 |
| transmission of mixed plasmodium species and plasmodium falciparum genotypes. | we studied malaria transmission by comparing parasite populations in humans and mosquito vectors at the household level. blood samples were collected from all inhabitants for microscopic detection of gametocytes and polymerase chain reaction analysis. the next morning, blood-fed resting mosquitoes were collected inside the bed nets used by the individuals surveyed the previous afternoon. after 8 days of maintenance, mosquitoes were dissected, and midguts and salivary glands were recovered for po ... | 2003 | 12641406 |
| treatment of children with plasmodium falciparum malaria with chloroquine in guinea-bissau. | children with symptomatic malaria in bissau, guinea-bissau were randomly assigned to treatment with a 25 mg/kg total dose of chloroquine as recommended by the national malaria program or with a higher total dose of 50 mg/kg. sixty-seven and 62 children, respectively, completed the treatment and were then followed once a week for five weeks. treatment with a dose of 50 mg/kg was significantly more effective than treatment with 25 mg/kg in preventing recrudescence. the cumulative relative risk (95 ... | 2002 | 12363060 |
| treatment of plasmodium falciparum malaria with quinine in children in guinea-bissau: one daily dose is sufficient. | we have earlier obtained good results in falciparum malaria by treating children with low doses of quinine for 7 days in guinea-bissau. in order to further simplify treatment, we compared outcome in 100 children with falciparum malaria treated in 1999/2000 for 7 days with 15 mg quinine salt/kg/dose twice daily (group i), 100 children treated with 7.5 mg quinine salt/kg/dose twice daily (group ii), and 100 children treated with one single daily dose of 15 mg/kg. one day 28, parasites had reappear ... | 2002 | 12055811 |
| antimalarial activity of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine in s. tomé and príncipe islands. | the present study investigates the antimalarial activity of 13 medicinal plants used in traditional medicine in s. tomé and príncipe (stp) islands in the gulf of guinea, aiming at identifying the most effective plants for further research. fieldwork was carried out with the collaboration of 37 traditional healers from both islands, during an ethnobotanical study, which was conducted from 1993 to 1999. our results indicate that the traditional healers in stp use several medicinal plants against f ... | 2002 | 12020924 |
| low-dose quinine for treatment of plasmodium falciparum malaria in guinea-bissau. | the recommended dose of 10 mg quinine/kg bodyweight 3 times a day for 7 days for treatment of malaria is so high that many patients experience cinchonism. we have earlier obtained good results with 7 days' treatment with 20 mg quinimax/kg bodyweight divided into 2 daily doses. in order to identify the lowest effective dose, children with symptomatic malaria were treated with quinine twice a day for 7 days. they were assigned to 1 of 3 groups treated daily with 10 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, or 20 mg/kg bod ... | 1999 | 10696419 |
| malaria parasitemia and childhood diarrhea in a peri-urban area of guinea-bissau. | to examine the association between diarrhea in early childhood and malaria parasitemia, we conducted a nested case-control study in guinea-bissau of 297 children with diarrhea and a similar number of children without diarrhea matched for age, season, and residential area. there were no associations between diarrhea and parasite rate, parasite density, or clinical malaria. however, anti-malarials were easily available and frequently used, which was reflected by a 0.7% prevalence of children with ... | 1999 | 10463690 |
| [malaria at the medical center of the mission of french cooperation in bissao]. | malaria is the leading cause of disease in guinea-bissau. the consequences of the disease are further compounded by extremely low living conditions in one of the poorest nations of africa. the medical dispensary and social center ran by the mission of the french cooperation and cultural action in bissau has set up a program to screen, treat, and monitor malaria. screening and monitoring are greatly facilitated by systematic use of the quantitative buffy coat test for plasmodium that has develope ... | 1998 | 9718563 |
| transmission of mixed malaria species and strains by mosquitoes, as detected by pcr, in a study area in guinea-bissau. | parasites present in blood samples of asymptomatic carriers and in the midgut of mosquitoes collected within a few days from the same households, have been analysed by pcr. a high prevalence (32%) of infected mosquitoes was observed and, in half of these, two parasite species were found simultaneously. the distribution of parasite species in the mosquito correlated with that found in the infected persons. genotype patterns of plasmodium falciparum populations were however found to be different i ... | 1997 | 9419850 |
| comparison of 3, 5 and 7 days' treatment with quinimax for falciparum malaria in guinea-bissau. | for treatment of malaria, the world health organization recommends 10 mg of quinine per kg body-weight 3 times a day for at least 7 d. in guinea-bissau, as in several other african countries, a 3 d treatment regimen (10 mg/kg twice daily) is currently used. we therefore compared the 3 d treatment period with periods of 5 and 7 d. a total of 145 children with clinical malaria due to monoinfection with plasmodium falciparum, with > or = 20 parasites per 200 leucocytes, were treated with intramuscu ... | 1997 | 9373656 |
| the importance of sensitive detection of malaria parasites in the human and insect hosts in epidemiological studies, as shown by the analysis of field samples from guinea bissau. | a method based on the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for highly sensitive detection and identification of human malaria parasites was applied to blood and mosquito samples obtained from a village in guinea bissau. the prevalence of parasites in the human population was shown to be greatly underestimated by microscopical examination. in particular, a high incidence of plasmodium malariae and p. ovale parasites was revealed only by the pcr assay. preliminary evidence was obtained to show that the ... | 1993 | 8296364 |
| population dynamics of human malaria parasites. | highly sensitive detection and identification of the four plasmodium species infecting man, and the characterization of p. falciparum isolates, have been achieved by pcr amplification. the results obtained from field and laboratory studies are described. the significance of these observations to the design and interpretation of epidemiological investigations is discussed. | 1993 | 8233599 |
| control of endophagic anopheles mosquitoes and human malaria in guinea bissau, west africa by permethrin-treated bed nets. | we compared the anti-mosquito and antimalarial potentialities of placebo-treated versus permethrin-impregnated bed nets in north-western guinea bissau. baseline, pre-intervention entomological and parasitological data were collected during the rainy season of 1990 and bed nets were distributed shortly before the rainy season of 1991. pairs of 3 ethnically different villages were investigated. the villages in each pair were at least 2 km apart but belonged to the same ethnic group in an ecologica ... | 1994 | 7886749 |
| investigation of chloroquine intake in biombo region, guinea bissau. | the use of chloroquine (cq), during the dry season was determined for 236 patients from 5 villages in biombo, republic of guinea bissau, west africa. the antimalarial drug was measured in whole blood (dried samples) using high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and in urine samples by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the results showed that cq consumption is low. | 1994 | 7812310 |
| high prevalence of natural antibodies against plasmodium falciparum 83-kilodalton apical membrane antigen (pf83/ama-1) as detected by capture-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using full-length baculovirus recombinant pf83/ama-1. | the 83-kilodalton (kd) apical membrane antigen of plasmodium falciparum (pf83/ama-1) is a potential asexual blood stage vaccine component. this antigen has been expressed as a full-length, nonfusion, recombinant baculovirus protein (pf83-7g8-1) using the authentic predicted signal peptide for appropriate postsynthetic routing. when purified by a novel high-performance, ion exchange chromatography (hpiec) method, pf83-7g8-1 induced polyclonal antibodies in rats that immunoprecipitated both 83- an ... | 1994 | 7810805 |
| [on a case of malaria due to plasmodium ovale contracted in guinea]. | | 1966 | 5976369 |
| fluorescent antibodies in human malaria, especially in plasmodium ovale. | | 1966 | 4961601 |
| [the duffy system: a population genetics study in portugal, guinea-bissau and brazil]. | 2225 blood samples from portugal (classed according to historical provinces), 301 blood samples from guinea-bissau (classed in tribes) and 697 blood samples from brazil (classed according to colour of skin) have been tested in the duffy system. the portuguese seem to be a sufficiently uniform and autonomous population. this is also true for the (non-rejected) blood-samples from guinea-bissau. the brazilians differ in accordance with their colour of skin. the expected relations between portugal a ... | 1985 | 3909949 |
| serum levels of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor is associated with parasitemia in children with acute plasmodium falciparum malaria infection. | serum levels of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (supar) are significantly elevated and of prognostic value in patients suffering from serious infectious diseases such as hiv and tuberculosis. our objective was to investigate supar levels during symptomatic malaria infection and 7 days after treatment. children younger than 6 years who presented with fever or other symptoms compatible with malaria were enrolled. blood films and samples were collected on day 0 and day 7. twenty-fi ... | 2004 | 15491469 |
| continued efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine as second line treatment for malaria in children in guinea-bissau. | sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (s/p) is widely used for treatment of failures following the first line treatment for malaria in africa. in guinea-bissau, it has been recommended as second line therapy by the national malaria programme since 1996. in order to monitor any change of the in vivo sensitivity, the efficacy of s/p was studied immediately before the introduction of the drug and 6-9 years later. | 2006 | 17173847 |
| chloroquine resistant p. falciparum prevalence is low and unchanged between 1990 and 2005 in guinea-bissau: an effect of high chloroquine dosage? | chloroquine resistant malaria was first reported in guinea-bissau in 1990 but chloroquine remains the most commonly used antimalarial in the country. since 1990, we have conducted nearly annual standardized who in vitro micro-tests to assess chloroquine resistance. we have identified pfcrt 76t and other genetic polymorphisms in samples from 1992, 1993, 1995, 2004 and 2005. we have also monitored drug prescriptions for febrile illnesses. the mean proportion of in vitro tests indicating chloroquin ... | 2007 | 17467343 |
| similar efficacy and tolerability of double-dose chloroquine and artemether-lumefantrine for treatment of plasmodium falciparum infection in guinea-bissau: a randomized trial. | in 2008, guinea-bissau introduced artemether-lumefantrine for treatment of uncomplicated malaria. previously, 3 times the standard dose of chloroquine, that was probably efficacious against plasmodium falciparum with the resistance-associated chloroquine-resistance transporter (pfcrt) 76t allele, was routinely used. the present study compared the efficacy and tolerability of a double standard dose of chloroquine with the efficacy and tolerability of artemether-lumefantrine. | 2011 | 21148503 |
| paracetamol versus placebo in treatment of non-severe malaria in children in guinea-bissau: a randomized controlled trial. | abstract: background: the current guidelines for treatment of malaria include paracetamol to children with fever. no convincing evidence for the beneficial effects of this practice exists. studies show that time to parasite clearance is significantly longer in children treated with paracetamol, which questions the policy. whether this is of clinical importance has not been investigated. methods: children with plasmodium falciparum monoinfection and [greater than or equal to]20 parasites per 200 ... | 2011 | 21631932 |
| plasmodium falciparum genotypes associated with chloroquine and amodiaquine resistance in guinea-bissau. | chloroquine is the most commonly used antimalarial in guinea-bissau and high doses are routinely prescribed. blood from 497 patients treated with different doses of chloroquine or amodiaquine were genotyped. pfcrt and pfmdr1 polymorphisms were identified. pfmsp2 analysis identified recrudescent infections. the pfcrt 72-76 haplotypes were cviet and cvmnk. the pfcrt 76t prevalence was 23% at day 0 and 96%, 83% and 100% at recrudescence following treatment with 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of chloroquine ... | 2007 | 17488902 |
| carriers, channels and chloroquine efficacy in guinea-bissau. | recent studies suggest that chloroquine resistance is mediated by an energy-dependent saturable chloroquine efflux carrier. an alternative explanation is that resistance is mediated by a channel. in guinea-bissau high doses of chloroquine are effective, well-tolerated and commonly used. this suggests that chloroquine resistance can be overcome by higher doses. research on the mechanism of chloroquine resistance is of utmost importance and should include the effect of higher doses. | 2008 | 18165155 |
| chloroquine is grossly overdosed and overused but well tolerated in guinea-bissau. | high chloroquine doses are commonly prescribed in guinea-bissau. double-dose chloroquine has been shown to be more efficacious (92% efficacy) than the standard dose (80% efficacy). however, chloroquine is toxic when overdosed, and it was not known if the high doses prescribed in guinea-bissau were taken or whether they caused adverse effects. we aimed to determine the dosage of chloroquine commonly prescribed, the doses commonly taken, and whether concentration-dependent adverse events occurred ... | 2009 | 18955514 |