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comparison of treatment schedules for plasmodium vivax infections in the solomon islands.a total of 26 patients infected with solomon islands strains of plasmodium vivax was treated with one of three regimens of cloroquine-primaquine, in an attempt to determine the relapse patterns and the response to treatment of the local strains of parasite. the results suggest that the standard course of chloroquine-primaquine provides a radical cure for the strains of plasmodium vivax from the solomon islands, provided that strict supervision of drug administration is enforced.1977339599
characteristics of plasmodium falciparum from the solomon islands. 19744590499
malaria transmission and fetal growth.in view of the known relation between infection of the maternal circulation of the placenta with plasmodium falciparum and impaired fetal growth a study was made of the effect on birth weights of a malaria eradication campaign in the british solomon islands. mean birth weights rose substantially within months of starting antimalarial operations. the increases between 1969 and 1971 averaged 252 g in babies of primigravidae and 165 g in all babies. the proportion of babies with birth weights of le ...19744606777
malaria in the eastern outer islands, british solomon islands protectorate. 19714949668
the epidemiology of imported malaria in new zealand 1980-92.to describe the epidemiology of imported malaria in new zealand for the years 1980-92.19968937392
sequence variation in the circumsporozoite protein gene of plasmodium vivax appears to be regionally biased.we have sequenced the circumsporozoite protein gene from 16 isolates from china, the philippines, papua new guinea and the solomon islands. we found very limited polymorphisms in the non-repetitive regions of the circumsporozoite gene from these isolates. all samples from china contained a 36-base insert 3' to the repeats previously seen only in a north korean isolate. limited variation was found in the repeat regions, which allowed these and previously sequenced isolates to be classified into g ...19947891747
prevalence of malaria and its relationship to anemia, blood glucose levels, and serum somatomedin c (igf-1) levels in the solomon islands.as part of establishing effective methods for malaria control, the malaria-associated nutritional status was surveyed on guadalcanal island in the solomon islands in 1993. a total of 506 residents participated in this study. the slide positive rate for malaria was 54% (275/506) in all ages, with a high of 79% for children aged 4-6 years. plasmodium falciparum was the most common species (52%), followed by p. vivax (29%). splenomegaly in children from infants to age 15 was detected at the rate of ...19947709860
relationship of haptoglobin polymorphism to malaria in the solomon islands.haptoglobin (hp) polymorphism and its relationship to malaria infections was examined in solomon islanders under 25 years of age. the slide positive rate for malaria was 48% (53/111): plasmodium vivax (pv) 21 cases, plasmodium falciparum (pf) 16 cases and the remaining 16 were a mixture of pv/pf/p. malariae. of 111 subjects examined, 17% (19 subjects) were ahaptoglobinemic (hpo). no association was observed between hpo and parasitemia, gender, anemia, serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf-1) l ...19957647399
the transplacental passage of malaria parasites in the solomon islands.a prospective study was undertaken to determine the extent of transplacental passage of malaria parasites in affected women attending for delivery at kilu'ufi hospital, malaita province, solomon islands. 11 women had parasitaemia and in 10 of these the placenta was infected. transplacental passage occurred in five. parasites were identified in one infant. the low parasitaemia in cord blood suggests that passage is accidental and probably occurs in labour. where parasite transfer occurred there w ...19836356502
[malaria in vanuatu. recent epidemiological data].the republic of vanuatu, ex-condominium of new-hebrides, is an archipelago in the south pacific, between solomon islands and new-caledonia. although the health system is quite satisfactory, malaria has become the major health problem in the whole country. its epidemiological characteristics are reviewed, and particularly the biology of the only known vector, the anopheles farauti complex. a sudden and severe aggravation of the malaria morbidity since 1980 is then evidenced. this increase of the ...19863542257
detection of antibodies to plasmodium vivax by indirect immunofluorescence: influence of the geographic origin of antigens and serum samples.the results of a double-blind serological study of 15 sera sampled in a residual focus of vivax malaria transmission in algeria, and of 7 sera from patients with slide-proven p. vivax infections acquired in india, are analyzed. the reactivity of each of these serum samples was tested by indirect immunofluorescence using 6 different batches of antigen, including 3 batches of p. vivax antigen prepared with isolates from zaire (africa), india and the solomon islands, respectively. the geometric mea ...19863513643
plasmodium falciparum ri resistance to quinine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in the solomon islands. 19873302637
serum tumor necrosis factor associated with malaria in patients in the solomon islands.there is now significant evidence that tumor necrosis factor (tnf) is involved in the pathogenesis of malaria. we have tested sera from patients presenting with a febrile illness admitted to hospital in honiara, solomon islands, for the presence of tnf, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-1 (il-1). this study differs from previous reports as the subjects were mainly adults from a semi-immune population living in an endemic area. the results from 2 different commercially-available assays for tnf we ...19902126152
[a case of plasmodium vivax malaria with findings of dic].we reported a rare case of plasmodium vivax malaria who showed findings of disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic). a 50-year-old japanese male was sent to our hospital with the diagnosis of plasmodium vivax malaria on the 26th of april, 1990. he had stayed in the solomon islands from oct. 1987 to dec. 1989, and had febrile episodes during his stay in the island. on april 18, 1990, he complained of a high fever with chills, and showed the same episodes on the 20th, 22th and was diagnosed as ...19912071964
an assessment of low birthweight risk in primiparae as an indicator of malaria control in pregnancy.malaria is an important environmental factor which reduces fetal growth in primiparae more than multiparae living under holoendemic conditions for malaria. this relates to greater susceptibility to malaria infection in first pregnancies. the relative risk for low birthweight (less than 2500 g) associated with primiparity is increased in malaria-endemic areas and significantly correlates with the malaria parasite rate at delivery in primiparae. because of this association, the relative risk is pr ...19912066235
amino acid sequences recognized by t cells: studies on a merozoite surface antigen from the fcq-27/png isolate of plasmodium falciparum.twenty-six overlapping peptides, spanning the entire fcq-27/png sequence of the plasmodium falciparum antigen known as merozoite surface antigen 2 were screened for their ability to induce the proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) obtained from 12 donors living in honiara, solomon islands where p. falciparum is endemic. a recombinant (r) form of msa2, known as ag 1609 was also screened in these assays and tetanus toxoid (tt) antigen was included as a control. the location of the pr ...19901704345
seasonal abundance and biting behaviour of anopheles punctulatus and an. koliensis in malaita province, solomon islands, and a trial of permethrin impregnated bednets against malaria transmission.seasonal abundance of the malaria vectors anopheles punctulatus dönitz and an.koliensis owen in bilimanu, an isolated inland village with forty-two houses in malaita province of the solomon islands, was monitored over 28 months by means of all-night landing/biting catches at one site during june 1985 to september 1987. totals of 1250 an.punctulatus and 141 an.koliensis were collected, the latter being the largest number of this species ever caught at any locality in the solomons. bednets impregn ...19921463904
an evaluation of malaria fluorescent antibody patterns in several remote island populations of the new hebrides, solomons, western carolines, and new guinea.from a representative sampling of several remote populations living on the banks and torres islands (new hebrides), the eastern and southern districts of the solomon islands, the western caroline islands (u.s. pacific trust territory), west new guinea (indonesia), and papua new guinea, 752 sera were examined for fluorescent antibodies to the four species of human malaria, and the results were compared to already published parasite survey data based on blood smears and medical examinations. antib ...1976795310
independent evolution of pyrimethamine resistance in plasmodium falciparum isolates in melanesia.pyrimethamine resistance in plasmodium falciparum has previously been shown to have emerged once in southeast asia, from where it spread to africa. pyrimethamine resistance in this parasite is known to be conferred by mutations in the gene encoding dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr). we have analyzed polymorphisms in dhfr as well as microsatellite haplotypes flanking this gene in a total of 285 isolates from different regions of melanesia (papua new guinea, vanuatu, and the solomon islands) and sout ...200717210777
the malaria burden and population growth in the solomon islands.this paper outlines the result of the control of infectious diseases, and more especially malaria, on the growth of populations in the solomon islands since 1931, the year of the first census, to 1976, the year in which the fourth census revealed, that a population explosion had occurred, and was occurring unabated.1978358655
malaria control in central malaita, solomon islands 2. local perceptions of the disease and practices for its treatment and prevention.government health policy for malaria control in solomon islands has three main objectives: (1) early diagnosis and treatment of malaria at a health service; (2) reduction of human-vector contact through widespread use of insecticide-impregnated bed nets; and (3) provision of malaria chemoprophylaxis for pregnant women. social research was carried out in thirteen villages in central malaita to determine local attitudes toward malaria and to estimate the level of participation in malaria control a ...200010708658
opsonization and phagocytosis of plasmodium falciparum merozoites measured by flow cytometry.a flow cytometric phagocytosis assay was established to investigate the role of anti-merozoite antibody, complement, and cytokines on the phagocytosis of plasmodium falciparum merozoites by human neutrophils. this assay involved allowing fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled merozoites to interact with phagocytes and analysis of the cells on a facscan with lysis ii software. to differentiate the proportion of neutrophil surface-bound merozoites from the merozoites ingested by neutrophils, the fluor ...200010618269
report of the australian malaria register for 1992 and 1993.australia is free from endemic malaria but several hundred imported cases occur each year. notification and screening data on malaria cases are collected by state and territory health authorities and laboratories and forwarded to the australian malaria register (amr) for national collation and analysis. this report provides information on 758 malaria cases with 5 deaths reported in australia in 1992 and 712 cases with 1 death in 1993. in both years, just over 70% of cases were male and the modal ...19989823685
anti-malarial drug resistance, malnutrition and socio-economic status.to investigate the relationship between nutritional status and resistance to chloroquine treatment, we designed a nested case-control study prospective with respective to the outcome of plasmodium falciparum-infected school children aged 5-14 years from honiara, solomon islands. 38 chloroquine-resistant cases were compared with treatment-susceptible controls with respect to current nutritional status, behavioural characteristics, medical and demographic data. the overall prevalence of moderate m ...19979294541
risk factors of chloroquine resistance in plasmodium falciparum malaria.to identify patient-related risk factors of chloroquine resistance.19968910654
the effect of permethrin impregnated bednets on the incidence of plasmodium falciparum, in children of north guadalcanal, solomon islands.the effect of permethrin impregnated bednets was studied for the first time amongst a large community in north guadalcanal, solomon islands. the community was divided into two; one covered 23 villages with 860 people who were given bednets impregnated at 0.5 g/m2, and the other 20 villages with 520 people was used as control. parasitological data were collected by regular prevalence surveys and examination of records of malaria patients who have sought treatment in clinics. entomological data by ...19938362287
impact of permethrin-impregnated mosquito nets compared with ddt house-spraying against malaria transmission by anopheles farauti and an.punctulatus in the solomon islands.in villages of northern guadalcanal in the solomon islands, where the predominant malaria vector is an.farauti no. 1 and an.puctulatus is also involved, malaria transmission rates were compared for three zones: (1) non-intervention: 438 people in seventeen villages; (2) residual ddt house-spraying two cycles per year: 644 people in thirty villages; (3) bednets impregnated with permethrin 0.5 g/m2 twice per year, used by 580 people in sixteen villages. regular ddt spraying in zones 1 and 3 had be ...19938268487
polymorphism in plasmodium vivax msa1 gene--the result of intragenic recombinations?the diversity in a 925 bp portion of the plasmodium vivax msa1 gene in isolates from the philippines, china, the solomon islands and papua new guinea was investigated. a total of 74 base pair changes was found in the amplified fragment from 18 isolates. most of these changes were single or double base pair substitutions. in several regions, these point changes were tightly linked with one set always present or always absent in the different isolates. seven such blocks were identified. these bloc ...19938100358
detection of plasmodium falciparum in human blood by a nested polymerase chain reaction.we have developed a simple method for direct detection of plasmodium falciparum parasites in infected human blood using a nested polymerase chain reaction. whole blood (10 microliters) was obtained by finger puncture and suspended in a microcentrifuge tube containing phosphate-buffered saline. for removal of components that might inhibit the pcr, blood samples were treated with saponin and washed by centrifugation. after three cycles of a two-step incubation (3 min at 94 degrees c and 3 min at 5 ...19947985755
[dna sequencing of circumsporozoite protein genes of plasmodium vivax from four different countries in west pacific region: comparative study on the flank sequences].p. vivax csp gene of 18 isolates from infected blood of patients living in china, philippines, solomon islands and papua new guinea in west pacific region has been sequenced from both terminal end. the total readable sequence in most isolates was about 725 base pair (bp), including the first two repeat units (70-330 bp) to the n terminus, and the last two repeat units to the c terminus (763-1,228 bp). comparison and analysis of these obtained sequences with the published sequences of n.k., thai. ...19947955170
the economic impact of plasmodium falciparum malaria on education investment: a pacific island case study.a small but intensive study was carried out adopting a simple method which attempts to quantify the economic consequences plasmodium falciparum malaria on education investment through school pupil absenteeism in a community in solomon islands. in a randomized sample of 4,920 cases of p. falciparum malaria in a community, 2,886 occurred in children of primary school age group of 7 to 13 years. on average a case gave rise to a mean school absenteeism of 5.3 days. in the final analysis a total of 1 ...19937939936
plasmodium vivax synonymous substitution frequencies, evolution and population structure deduced from diversity in ama 1 and msp 1 genes.polymorphic regions of the genes encoding plasmodium vivax apical membrane antigen 1 (pvama1) and p. vivax merozoite surface protein 1 (pvmsp1) were sequenced to examine population diversity both within and between geographical areas. sequences were obtained for 219 isolates for pvama1 and for 175 isolates for pvmsp1 from africa, china, india, indonesia, philippines, papua new guinea, solomon islands and thailand. over half of the isolates were obtained from different regions within the philippi ...200010802318
epitope-specific impairment of production of antibody against merozoite surface glycoprotein 1 of plasmodium falciparum in symptomatic patients with malaria.we analyzed the relationships between levels of antibody specific for merozoite surface glycoprotein-1 (msp1) of plasmodium falciparum and clinical manifestations in humans. we prepared recombinant msp1 proteins representing block 3 (m3), block 6 (m6), blocks 1-6 (m1/6), and block 17. when we divided the slide-positive individuals in guadalcanal into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups, the former group showed lower igg levels against m6 and block 17, but not against m3, than did the asymptomati ...200010836508
a highly sensitive, nested polymerase chain reaction based method using simple dna extraction to detect malaria sporozoites in mosquitos.dried anopheles farauti mosquitos caught in solomon islands in 1990 were examined for malaria sporozoites by elisa and nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr). only heads and thoraces were used. plasmodium genus-specific nested pcr amplifications were carried out on all samples. of the 402 pools of mosquitos that were processed, 30 were positive for malaria. nest 1 products of positive samples were subjected to further pcr amplifications with species-specific primers for p. falciparum and p. viva ...199910928352
estimation of the sporozoite rate of malaria vectors using the polymerase chain reaction and a mathematical model.we developed a sensitive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for the detection of plasmodium falciparum dna from mosquitoes collected in the field. plasmodium falciparum was detected from 15.2% of 1-parous mosquitoes, anopheles farauti, in the solomon islands through use of the pcr method. a novel mathematical model was developed to estimate the sporozoite rate based on the malaria-positive rate of 1-parous mosquitoes. using this model, the sporozoite rate of anopheles farauti in the solomon ...200010985176
variation of incubation time in an in vitro drug susceptibility test of plasmodium falciparum isolates studied in the solomon islands.a study on chloroquine resistance of falciparum malaria was conducted in the solomon islands. both in vitro and clinical tests were performed. in our regular studies of in vitro chloroquine susceptibility tests on plasmodium falciparum from non-immuners in japan, the threshold point to differentiate resistant and susceptible isolates was set at a 0. 114 microm chloroquine in the semi-micro culture system, and this point was also applicable in the study of the malaria parasite taken in the highly ...200111267927
sequence diversity of serine repeat antigen gene exon ii of plasmodium falciparum in worldwide collected wild isolates.field isolates of plasmodium falciparum collected from endemic areas of southeast asia, solomon islands, tropical african countries and brazil were analyzed for the genetic diversity of the exon ii of serine repeat antigen gene (sera) by sequencing of genomic dna. of sixty-nine isolates, as compared to the reported fcr3, k1 and honduras-1 types of exon ii sequences, 5, 9 and 20 new allelic forms were found in 23 isolates of the fcr3 type, 36 of the k1 type and 10 of the honduras-1 type. a group ...200011414433
genetic diversity of the dblalpha region in plasmodium falciparum var genes among asia-pacific isolates.in plasmodium falciparum a highly polymorphic multi-copy gene family, var, encodes the variant surface antigen p. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (pfemp1), which has an important role in cytoadherence and immune evasion. using previously described universal pcr primers for the first duffy binding-like domain (dblalpha) of var we analysed the dblalpha repertoires of dd2 (originally from thailand) and eight isolates from the solomon islands (n=4), philippines (n=2), papua new guinea (n=1 ...200211849711
a mathematical model for the transmission of plasmodium vivax malaria.we have proposed a mathematical model for the transmission of plasmodium vivax malaria quantitatively, which is adjusted to the infected region, guadalcanal, in the solomon islands. the simulation of a transmission model will be instrumental in planning the malaria control strategy. a characteristic of the life cycle of p. vivax is that a sporozoite injected into the blood stream by a mosquito bite may sometimes stay in a hepatocyte as a hypnozoite. therefore, we have incorporated a phenomenon o ...200312543150
sequence diversity in the amino-terminal region of the malaria-vaccine candidate serine repeat antigen in natural plasmodium falciparum populations.the amino-terminal region of the serine repeat antigen (sera) of plasmodium falciparum is a major malaria-vaccine candidate. variation in this molecule is essentially dimorphic and alleles may be grouped into the types fcr3, k1 and honduras1. the honduras1-type is thought to be the product of homologous recombination between fcr3 and k1 alleles. here we have examined patterns of sequence diversity in exon ii of sera gene, which encodes most of the amino-terminal region of the antigen, in wild p. ...200312798923
relative frequencies of polymorphisms of variation in block 2 repeats and 5' recombinant types of plasmodium falciparum msp1 alleles.the mechanisms producing the genetic polymorphism at plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen-1 locus (pfmsp1) include the insertion and deletion of the different type of dimorphic block 2 9-nucleotide repeat units as well as the intragenic recombination. to study relative occurrence frequencies of these two distinct mechanisms, we have developed a sensitive pcr strategy to identify both 5' recombinant types and the number of block 2 repeats from the same sample. this method can specifica ...200414984836
conquering the intolerable burden of malaria: what's new, what's needed: a summary.each year, up to three million deaths due to malaria and close to five billion episodes of clinical illness possibly meriting antimalarial therapy occur throughout the world, with africa having more than 90% of this burden. almost 3% of disability adjusted life years are due to malaria mortality globally, 10% in africa. new information is presented in this supplement on malaria-related perinatal mortality, occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus in pregnancy, undernutrition, and neurologic, c ...200415331814
limited allelic diversity of plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 gene from populations in the solomon islands.meiotic recombination generates allelic diversity in the plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (msp1) gene. in this study, we monitored recombination-based diversity of msp1 in guadalcanal, the solomon islands, where malaria transmission is high. we identified 5' recombinant types, 3' sequence types, and msp1 haplotypes (unique associations of 5' recombinant types and 3' sequence types), and compared them with those from areas of low transmission in thailand and vanuatu. the mean num ...200616407343
agelasines j, k, and l from the solomon islands marine sponge agelas cf. mauritiana.three new diterpene alkaloids, agelasine j (3), agelasine k (4), and agelasine l (5), were isolated from the marine sponge agelas cf. mauritiana collected in the solomon islands. the structures of these compounds were elucidated by physical data analyses. they displayed in vitro antimalarial activity against plasmodium falciparum.200818572964
kir3dl1/s1 genotypes and kir2ds4 allelic variants in the ab kir genotypes are associated with plasmodium-positive individuals in malaria infection.the importance of innate immunity in malaria has been suggested for early protection from maturation and multiplication of plasmodium parasites injected via infected mosquitoes. in this study, the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (kir) genes in innate immunity were investigated for an association with malaria in the comparison between plasmodium-positive and plasmodium-negative melanesian individuals in the solomon islands, one of the most hyperendemic malaria regions in the world. the h ...201019859704
evidences of protection against blood-stage infection of plasmodium falciparum by the novel protein vaccine se36.an effective malaria vaccine is a public health priority. proteins expressed during the blood-stage of the parasite life cycle have been proposed as good vaccine candidates. no such blood-stage vaccine, however, is available against plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest plasmodium species. we show here that p. falciparum serine repeat antigen 5 (sera5) is a potential vaccine immunogen. we have constructed a new recombinant molecule of sera5, namely se36, based on previously reported se47' molecul ...201020493274
malaria on isolated melanesian islands prior to the initiation of malaria elimination activities.the australian government's pacific malaria initiative (pacmi) is supporting the national malaria program in both solomon islands and vanuatu, complementing assistance from the global fund for aids, tuberculosis and malaria (gfatm). two remote island groups - tafea province, vanuatu and temotu province, solomon islands have been selected by the governments of both countries as possible malaria elimination areas. to provide information on the prevalence and distribution of the disease within thes ...201020659316
population screening for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiencies in isabel province, solomon islands, using a modified enzyme assay on filter paper dried bloodspots.glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency poses a significant impediment to primaquine use for the elimination of liver stage infection with plasmodium vivax and for gametocyte clearance, because of the risk of life-threatening haemolytic anaemia that can occur in g6pd deficient patients. although a range of methods for screening g6pd deficiency have been described, almost all require skilled personnel, expensive laboratory equipment, freshly collected blood, and are time consuming; factors t ...201020684792
a large proportion of asymptomatic plasmodium infections with low and sub-microscopic parasite densities in the low transmission setting of temotu province, solomon islands: challenges for malaria diagnostics in an elimination setting.many countries are scaling up malaria interventions towards elimination. this transition changes demands on malaria diagnostics from diagnosing ill patients to detecting parasites in all carriers including asymptomatic infections and infections with low parasite densities. detection methods suitable to local malaria epidemiology must be selected prior to transitioning a malaria control programme to elimination. a baseline malaria survey conducted in temotu province, solomon islands in late 2008, ...201020822506
monitoring of malaria parasite resistance to chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in the solomon islands by dna microarray technology.little information is available on resistance to anti-malarial drugs in the solomon islands (si). the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in drug resistance associated parasite genes is a potential alternative to classical time- and resource-consuming in vivo studies to monitor drug resistance. mutations in pfmdr1 and pfcrt were shown to indicate chloroquine (cq) resistance, mutations in pfdhfr and pfdhps indicate sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (sp) resistance, and mutations in pfatpa ...201020925934
exploring provider and community responses to the new malaria diagnostic and treatment regime in solomon islands.improvements in availability and accessibility of artemisinin-based combination therapy (act) for malaria treatment and the emergence of multi-drug-resistant parasites have prompted many countries to adopt act as the first-line drug. in 2009, solomon islands (si) likewise implemented new national treatment guidelines for malaria. the act, coartem® (artemether-lumefantrine) is now the primary pharmacotherapy in si for plasmodium falciparum malaria, plasmodium vivax malaria or mixed infections. ta ...201121219614
trends in malaria research in 11 asian pacific countries: an analysis of peer-reviewed publications over two decades.abstract: background: quantitative data are lacking on published malaria research . the purpose of the study is to characterize trends in malaria-related literature from 1990 to 2009 in 11 asian-pacific countries that are committed to malaria elimination as a national goal. methods: a systematic search was conducted for articles published from january 1990 to december 2009 in pubmed/medline using terms for malaria and 11 target countries (bhutan, china, north korea, indonesia, malaysia, philippi ...201121586174
the in vivo anti-plasmodial activity of haliclonacyclamine a, an alkaloid from the marine sponge, haliclona sp.the compound haliclonacyclamine a was isolated from the haliclona sponge at solomon islands. it acts as a powerful in vitro and in vivo anti-plasmodial agent against the chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum strain fcb1and plasmodium vinckei petteri-infected mice, respectively.201121895455
allelic diversity in the merozoite surface protein 1 gene of plasmodium falciparum on palawan island, the philippines.allelic diversity of the plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 gene (msp1) is mainly generated by meiotic recombination at the mosquito stage. we investigated recombination-based allelic diversity of msp1 in a p. falciparum population from palawan island, the philippines, where malaria transmission is moderate. we identified the 5' recombinant types, 3' sequence types and msp1 haplotypes (unique combinations of 5' recombinant type and 3' sequence type), and compared them with those o ...200717347029
malaria in pregnancy in the solomon islands: barriers to prevention and control.a study of malaria in pregnancy (mip) was undertaken in marovo lagoon, solomon islands, to evaluate pregnancy-specific control strategies for malaria. peripheral parasitemia was present in 18% (19/106) of women: 15 plasmodium falciparum and 4 p. vivax. primigravidae were twice as likely to be parasitemic as multigravidae (31% versus 14%; relative risk: 2.24; 95% confidence interval: 1.01-4.96; p = 0.05). although ante-natal clinic attendance was high, women booked late (mean, 19.7 weeks) and att ...200818337342
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