| amphibian commerce as a likely source of pathogen pollution. | the commercial trade of wildlife occurs on a global scale. in addition to removing animals from their native populations, this trade may lead to the release and subsequent introduction of nonindigenous species and the pathogens they carry. emerging infectious diseases, such as chytridiomycosis caused by the chytrid fungus batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (bd), and ranaviral disease have spread with global trade in amphibians and are linked to amphibian declines and die-offs worldwide, which sugges ... | 2008 | 18717688 |
| distribution and pathogenicity of batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in boreal toads from the grand teton area of western wyoming. | the pathogen batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (bd), which causes the skin disease chytridiomycosis, has been linked to amphibian population declines and extinctions worldwide. bd has been implicated in recent declines of boreal toads, bufo boreas boreas, in colorado but populations of boreal toads in western wyoming have high prevalence of bd without suffering catastrophic mortality. in a field and laboratory study, we investigated the prevalence of bd in boreal toads from the grand teton ecosyste ... | 2009 | 19418097 |
| effects of amphibian chytrid fungus on individual survival probability in wild boreal toads. | chytridiomycosis is linked to the worldwide decline of amphibians, yet little is known about the demographic effects of the disease. we collected capture-recapture data on three populations of boreal toads (bufo boreas [bufo = anaxyrus]) in the rocky mountains (u.s.a.). two of the populations were infected with chytridiomycosis and one was not. we examined the effect of the presence of amphibian chytrid fungus (batrachochytrium dendrobatidis [bd]; the agent of chytridiomycosis) on survival proba ... | 2010 | 20412086 |
| regional decline of an iconic amphibian associated with elevation, land-use change, and invasive species. | ecological theory predicts that species with restricted geographic ranges will have the highest probability of extinction, but species with extensive distributions and high population densities can also exhibit widespread population losses. in the western united states populations of northern leopard frogs (lithobates pipiens)-historically one of the most widespread frogs in north america-have declined dramatically in abundance and geographic distribution. to assess the status of leopard frogs i ... | 2011 | 21342266 |
| stability and permanence in gender- and stage-structured models for the boreal toad. | the boreal toad bufo boreas boreas, once common in the western usa, is listed as an endangered species in colorado and new mexico, and protected in wyoming. populations have dramatically declined due to the presence of the fungal pathogen batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (bd). a gender- and stage-structured model for the boreal toad is formulated which depends on its life cycle and breeding strategies. in addition, an epizootic model for the spread of bd is formulated. analysis of these models pro ... | 2011 | 22877227 |
| inhibitory bacteria reduce fungi on early life stages of endangered colorado boreal toads (anaxyrus boreas). | increasingly, host-associated microbiota are recognized to mediate pathogen establishment, providing new ecological perspectives on health and disease. amphibian skin-associated microbiota interact with the fungal pathogen, batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (bd), but little is known about microbial turnover during host development and associations with host immune function. we surveyed skin microbiota of colorado's endangered boreal toads (anaxyrus boreas), sampling 181 toads across four life stage ... | 2016 | 26565725 |
| investigating differences across host species and scales to explain the distribution of the amphibian pathogen batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. | many pathogens infect more than one host species, and clarifying how these different hosts contribute to pathogen dynamics can facilitate the management of pathogens and can lend insight into the functioning of pathogens in ecosystems. in this study, we investigated a suite of native and non-native amphibian hosts of the pathogen batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (bd) across multiple scales to identify potential mechanisms that may drive infection patterns in the colorado study system. specifically ... | 2014 | 25222375 |
| chytrid fungus batrachochytrium dendrobatidis has nonamphibian hosts and releases chemicals that cause pathology in the absence of infection. | batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a pathogenic chytrid fungus implicated in worldwide amphibian declines, is considered an amphibian specialist. identification of nonamphibian hosts could help explain the virulence, heterogeneous distribution, variable rates of spread, and persistence of b. dendrobatidis in freshwater ecosystems even after amphibian extirpations. here, we test whether mosquitofish (gambusia holbrooki) and crayfish (procambarus spp. and orconectes virilis), which are syntopic with ... | 2013 | 23248288 |