| immunotoxicology: environmental contamination by polybrominated biphenyls and immune dysfunction among residents of the state of michigan. | in 1973, inadvertent contamination occurred in a special farm feed supplement for lactating cows. polybrominated biphenyls (pbbs) were used in place of magnesium oxide resulting in serious harm to farm animals, including cattle, chickens, geese, ducks. farm families, accustomed to eating their own products, were most heavily exposed. to study the impact of pbbs, 336 adult michigan farm residents, 117 general consumers for comparison, 75 dairy farm residents in wisconsin, who had not eaten pbb-co ... | 1987 | 2826002 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. salmonellosis associated with chicks and ducklings--michigan and missouri, spring 1999. | | 2000 | 10807370 |
| salmonellosis associated with chicks and ducklings--michigan and missouri, spring 1999. | during the spring of 1999, outbreaks of salmonellosis associated with handling chicks and ducklings occurred in michigan and missouri. this report summarizes the epidemiologic information for the outbreaks and provides an overview of legislative efforts to control the distribution of chicks and ducklings. these outbreaks demonstrate that handling chicks and ducklings is a health risk, especially for children, and highlight the need for thorough handwashing after contact with chicks, ducklings, a ... | 2000 | 10825085 |
| commensal escherichia coli isolate resistant to eight classes of antimicrobial agents in the united states. | to increase understanding of community-acquired resistance, stool samples from 477 nonhospitalized persons in maryland and michigan, from 2004 to 2008, were screened for ceftriaxone resistance. seven (1.5%) yielded ceftriaxone-resistant escherichia coli; one isolate was resistant to all eight antimicrobial classes routinely tested: aminoglycosides, β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, cephems, penicillins, folate pathway inhibitors, phenicols, quinolones, and tetracyclines. the extensive ... | 2010 | 20973731 |
| organic or antibiotic-free labeling does not impact the recovery of enteric pathogens and antimicrobial-resistant escherichia coli from fresh retail chicken. | we investigated the implied health benefits of retail chicken breast labeled as "organic" or "antibiotic-free" when compared to conventional products based on frequency of contamination by salmonella spp., campylobacter spp., and coliform bacteria resistant to fluoroquinolones, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, or carbapenems. we purchased 231 prepackaged chicken breasts from 99 grocery stores representing 17 retail chains in ohio, michigan, and pennsylvania from june to september 2012. ninety-s ... | 2014 | 25405393 |
| a comparative study of cadmium and copper in ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus) in regions with and without historic mining. | mining activities can increase the bioavailability of metals in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. following over 100 years of copper mining in portions of michigan's upper peninsula (up) terrestrial ecosystems retain vast quantities of waste rock with traces of cadmium and large concentrations of copper. we compared liver cadmium and copper concentrations in ruffed grouse (bonasa umbellus), a popular game bird from landscapes with and without historic mining. we also used chickens (gallus dome ... | 2006 | 16750853 |
| occupation, pesticide exposure and risk of multiple myeloma. | this population-based case-control study examined the relationship between occupation, living or working on a farm, pesticide exposure, and the risk of multiple myeloma. | 2004 | 15250650 |
| outbreak of varicella among vaccinated children--michigan, 2003. | on november 18, 2003, the oakland county health division alerted the michigan department of community health (mdch) to a varicella (chicken pox) outbreak in a kindergarten-third grade elementary school. on december 11, mdch and oakland county public health epidemiologists, with the technical assistance of cdc, conducted a retrospective cohort study to describe the outbreak, determine varicella vaccine effectiveness (ve), and examine risk factors for breakthrough disease (i.e., varicella occurrin ... | 2004 | 15138400 |
| molecular characterization of gentamicin-resistant enterococci in the united states: evidence of spread from animals to humans through food. | we evaluated the molecular mechanism for resistance of 360 enterococci for which the gentamicin mics were >/=128 micro g/ml. the aac(6')-ie-aph(2")-ia, aph(2")-ic, and aph(2")-id genes were identified by pcr in isolates from animals, food, and humans. the aph(2")-ib gene was not identified in any of the isolates. two enterococcus faecalis isolates (mics > 1,024 micro g/ml) from animals failed to generate a pcr product for any of the genes tested and likely contain a new unidentified aminoglycosi ... | 2003 | 12624037 |
| comparative mapping of the chicken genome using the east lansing reference population. | the annotation of known genes on linkage maps provides an informative framework for synteny mapping. in comparative gene mapping, conserved synteny is broadly defined as groups of two or more linked markers that are also linked in two or more species. although many anonymous markers have been placed on the chicken genome map, locating known genes will augment the number of conserved syntenic groups and consolidate linkage groups. in this report, 21 additional genes have been assigned to linkage ... | 1997 | 9154628 |
| occurrence of velogenic viscerotropic newcastle disease in pet and exotic birds in 1991. | in 1991, velogenic viscerotropic newcastle disease (vvnd) was diagnosed in domestic psittacine birds in six states: illinois, indiana, michigan, texas, california, and nevada. in the first four states, the disease assumed outbreak proportions. the affected psittacine birds--yellow-headed amazon parrots (amazona ochrocephala oratrix), yellow-naped amazon parrots (amazona ochrocephala auropalliata), cockatiels (nymphicus hollandicus), and conures (unknown species)--exhibited respiratory and/or cen ... | 1993 | 8452504 |
| male-mediated venereal transmission of endogenous avian leukosis virus. | congenital transmission of avian leukosis viruses (alv) occurs readily through the egg, but transmission of alv through male seminal fluid is considered to be nonexistent or rare. progeny from mating endogenous late-feathering (lf), k/k+ males carrying an endogenous virus gene (ev21) with virgin early-feathering (ef) k+/w females were examined for the presence of infectious endogenous virus ev21 using an enzyme-labeled immunoassay for viral capsid antigen p27. all 177 lf chicks expressed ev21, p ... | 1994 | 8202427 |
| stray voltage and developmental, reproductive and other toxicology problems in dogs, cats and cows: a discussion. | ten years ago, after 3 y of investigations, attempts to determine the cause(s) of reproductive and developmental problems at a dog kennel in allegan county, mi were suspended. this kennel had lost more than 120 litters of shetland sheepdogs (shelties) over the preceding 12 y; many of the puppies that died were deformed as were several that survived. similar effects occurred in persian cats, although on a smaller scale, and later in german shepherds and golden retrievers. such problems began afte ... | 1995 | 7631499 |
| investigations of the vertebrate hosts of eastern equine encephalitis during an epizootic in michigan, 1980. | a study was undertaken to investigate an increase in reported cases of clinical encephalitis due to eastern equine encephalitis (eee) virus in horses and to determine the natural vertebrate hosts of that virus. horses, birds, and small mammals were sampled at sites in a contiguous area in st. joseph and kalamazoo counties, michigan, from 25 august to 5 september 1980. serum samples from four horses acutely ill with encephalitis and 16 of 39 pasture mates of ill horses had neutralizing (n) antibo ... | 1985 | 3010751 |
| a survey of helminth parasites in backyard flocks in michigan by litter examination. | the prevalence of parasitic infections in backyard flocks was surveyed using litter samples from 74 pens located on 12 farms in central lower michigan. eight species of birds were represented. two methods of litter examination (a sucrose flotation technique and a multiple washing/zncl2 flotation) were compared; the sucrose flotation technique was found to be more useful and was used in the survey. the following parasites eggs/oocysts were observed; ascarid-type eggs (in 34 pens from nine farms), ... | 1991 | 1953578 |
| immunologic dysfunction among pbb-exposed michigan dairy farmers. | in 1973 inadvertent contamination occurred in a special farm feed supplement for lactating cows. polybrominated biphenyls (pbbs) were used in place of magnesium oxide resulting in serious harm to farm animals, including cattle, chickens, geese, ducks. farm families, accustomed to eating their own products, were most heavily exposed. to further study the impact of pbbs, 45 adult michigan farm residents who were originally examined in a clinical field survey were further studied with respect to th ... | 1979 | 222196 |
| assessment of the hazards of polybrominated biphenyls. | during their peak use period, pbbs represented under 1% of the total sales of fire retardant chemicals, and very probably would have escaped intensive study if they had not been mixed accidentally with animal feed preparations. instead, international attention was drawn to pbbs by the state-supervised killing of over 35,000 cattle which had been contaminated with pbbs. interestingly, low doses of pbbs exert a broad spectrum of toxicological, pharmacological, and biochemical effects despite low a ... | 1978 | 209999 |
| polybrominated biphenyls (pbb) environmental contamination in michigan, 1973-1976. | | 1977 | 191251 |
| biochemical and transcriptomic effects of herring gull egg extracts from variably contaminated colonies of the laurentian great lakes in chicken hepatocytes. | determining the effects of complex mixtures of environmental contaminants poses many challenges within the field of ecotoxicology. in this study, graded concentrations of herring gull egg extracts, collected from five great lakes breeding colonies with variable burdens of organohalogen contaminants (ohcs), were administered to chicken embryonic hepatocytes to determine effects on 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) activity, porphyrin accumulation, and mrna expression. erod activity and porphy ... | 2015 | 26192021 |
| influenza a viruses from overwintering and spring-migrating waterfowl in the lake erie basin, united states. | influenza a virus (iav) surveillance in migratory waterfowl in the united states has primarily occurred during late summer and the autumn southern migration. data concerning the presence and ecology of iavs in waterfowl during winter and spring seasons in the u.s. northern latitudes have been limited, mainly due to limited access to waterfowl for sampling. the southwestern lake erie basin is an important stopover site for waterfowl during migration periods, and over the past 28 years, 8.72% of w ... | 2016 | 27309062 |
| studies on the drug resistance profile of enterococcus faecium distributed from poultry retailers to hospitals. | the multidrug resistant enterococcus faecium (mef) strains originating from farm animals are proliferating at a substantial pace to impact downstream food chains and could reach hospitals. this study was conducted to elucidate the drug susceptibility profile of mef strains collected from poultry products in ann arbor, mi area and clinical settings from michigan state lab and moffitt cancer center (mcc) in florida. presumptive positive enterococcus isolates at species level were identified by mat ... | 2015 | 26357893 |
| methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in retail meat, detroit, michigan, usa. | to the editor: because methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) has been identified in retail meat worldwide (1-4), the potential exists for its transmission to humans. of the various meat products surveyed, pork had the highest contamination rate in the united states and canada (1,2), as did beef in south korea (3) and poultry in the netherlands (4). the study in south korea also observed mrsa from chicken, which demonstrated sequence type (st) 692 by multilocus sequence typing (mlst) ... | 2011 | 21749794 |
| diagnosis of myeloid leukosis induced by a recombinant avian leukosis virus in commercial white leghorn egg laying flocks. | commercial white leghorn egg layer flocks being used to produce fertile eggs for human vaccine production exhibited dramatically low peaks in egg production, two to four times higher than normal weekly mortality, and high numbers of cull, nonlaying birds after the onset of sexual maturity. these lower production characteristics could not be associated with management-related problems. gross lesions of cull and fresh dead birds necropsied showed approximately 60% lacked ovarian activity and had l ... | 2002 | 12243545 |