| infectious tenosynovitis (viral arthritis): characterization of a connecticut viral isolant as a reovirus and evidence of viral egg transmission by reovirus-infected broiler breeders. | connecticut isolant s1133 of tenosynovitis was characterized as a reovirus by physicochemical, biological, and morphologic studies. after inoculation of 35-week-old broiler breeders with tenosynovitis virus by subcutaneous route, virus was found in embryos of eggs laid by the breeders during a period of 8 to 12 days after inoculation. | 1975 | 173276 |
| strains of infectious bronchitis virus on the delmarva peninsula and in arkansas. | the constant-virus variable-serum neutralization test in chicken tracheal cultures was used to serotype infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) isolants from the delmarva peninsula and arkansas. of 106 isolants obtained from delmarva in 1971-1974, 93 were found to be the jmk strain, 5 massachusetts (mass), 5 connecticut (conn), 2 a new strain designated maryland (md) 27, and 1 a new strain designated md 31. of 26 isolants obtained from arkansas between october, 1971, and february, 1973, 17 were arkans ... | 1976 | 180960 |
| variant infectious bronchitis virus isolated from indiana chickens. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) associated with a catarrhal tracheitis, sudden decline in egg production, and reduced shell quality was isolated from an indiana white leghorn breeder flock. it was found to be serologically different from massachusetts, connecticut, iowa 97, iowa 609, florida, arkansas 99, jmk, holte, gray and se 17 ibv serotypes. two different massachusetts vaccine strains protected chickens from respiratory signs but not against virus infection using the isolant for challenge ... | 1976 | 181740 |
| infectious tenosynovitis: serologic and histopathologic response after experimental infection with a connecticut isolate. | | 1974 | 4368815 |
| prevalence of arkansas-type infectious bronchitis virus in delmarva peninsula chickens. | the prevalence of arkansas (ark)-type infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in delmarva peninsula broiler-type chickens was determined. the immunity of 5-to-11-week-old commercial broilers was evaluated by intraocular inoculation with ark-type dpi strain (ark dpi) challenge virus and collection of tracheal swabbings 5 days later. serum ark-type antibody titers were obtained using the virus-neutralization test. eighty-five flocks were tested from january to august 1981. nearly 60% of the flocks had s ... | 1983 | 6314974 |
| in vivo evaluation of the pathogenicity of field isolates of infectious bronchitis virus. | the pathogenicity of 13 field isolates of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) isolated from georgia broiler farms from 1989 to 1992 was evaluated using the ibv and escherichia coli mixed-infection model. based on the clinical signs, mortality, and lesions, the isolates were classified as high, intermediate, and low in pathogenicity. the in vivo classification was compared with the serotype classification results obtained by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment lengt ... | 1994 | 7832713 |
| cloacal inoculation with the connecticut strain of avian infectious bronchitis virus: an attempt to produce nephropathogenic virus by in vivo passage using cloacal inoculation. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strain connecticut a-5968 isolated from respiratory tissue of chickens in usa in the 1960s, is considered as representative of respiratory disease causing ibv strains. specific pathogen free chicks inoculated with the strain via the cloaca replicated the virus more rapidly in their kidneys than did chicks inoculated with the same virus intratracheally. virus passaged thirteen-times via the cloaca caused stronger nephrotropism and nephropathogenicity than t ... | 1998 | 9592724 |
| sequence comparison of avian infectious bronchitis virus s1 glycoproteins of the florida serotype and five variant isolates from georgia and california. | the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) spike glycoprotein s1 subunit is required to initiate infection and contains virus-neutralizing and serotype-specific epitope(s). reported are the s1 gene nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences for the florida 18288 strain and isolates ga-92, cv-56b, cv-9437, cv-1686, and 1013. these sequences were compared with previously published gene sequences of ibv strains, and phylogenetic relationships are reported. the s1 amino acid sequence of florida 18288 ... | 1998 | 9778790 |
| prevalence of high-risk food consumption and food-handling practices among adults: a multistate survey, 1996 to 1997. the foodnet working group. | risk factors for foodborne diseases include consumption of high-risk foods and unsanitary food-handling practices; however, little is known about the prevalence of these risk factors in the general population. a survey was done in five foodnet sites (california, connecticut, georgia, minnesota, oregon) to determine the prevalence of these risk factors in the population. a total of 7,493 adults were interviewed by telephone between 1 july 1996 and 30 june 1997. results showed that 1.5% drank raw ... | 2000 | 11079697 |
| update: west nile virus activity--eastern united states, 2000. | data reported to cdc through the west nile virus (wnv) surveillance system have shown an increase in the geographic range of wnv activity in 2000 compared with 1999, the first year that wnv was reported in the western hemisphere. in response to this occurrence of wnv, 17 states along the atlantic and gulf coasts, new york city, and the district of columbia conducted wnv surveillance, which included monitoring mosquitoes, sentinel chicken flocks, wild birds, and potentially susceptible mammals (e ... | 2000 | 11105767 |
| egg marketing in national supermarkets: specialty eggs--part 2. | large eggs promoted as having one or more features beyond conventional white or brown shell eggs (specialty eggs) were evaluated for quality and price in a national retail study. subtypes of specialty eggs included: nutritionally altered eggs, organic eggs, fertile eggs, eggs from welfare-managed hens, or hens fed all-vegetable diets. extension poultry specialists in california (ca), connecticut, illinois, north carolina, pennsylvania and texas conducted a survey of egg quality and price and com ... | 2001 | 11297274 |
| genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the california 99 (cal99) variant of infectious bronchitis virus. | the california 99 (cal99) variant of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was first recovered in 1999 from vaccinated broiler chicken flocks in central california. the s1 hypervariable region of cal99 genome was most closely related to arkansas (ark) serotype viruses. in this study, the complete genome of cal99 was sequenced, and the structural protein genes were compared with those of commonly used ibv vaccines as well as those of isolates from naturally occurring outbreaks in different parts of t ... | 2007 | 16927130 |
| multiple antimicrobial resistance in plague: an emerging public health risk. | antimicrobial resistance in yersinia pestis is rare, yet constitutes a significant international public health and biodefense threat. in 1995, the first multidrug resistant (mdr) isolate of y. pestis (strain ip275) was identified, and was shown to contain a self-transmissible plasmid (pip1202) that conferred resistance to many of the antimicrobials recommended for plague treatment and prophylaxis. comparative analysis of the dna sequence of y. pestis plasmid pip1202 revealed a near identical inc ... | 2007 | 17375195 |
| evaluation of the effectiveness of two infectious bronchitis virus vaccine programs for preventing disease caused by a california ibv field isolate. | infectious bronchitis virus ca99 serotype was isolated from several broiler flocks in northern california. the virus caused late-onset respiratory disease and increased airsacculitis condemnation in affected flocks despite the use of an established infectious bronchitis virus vaccination program. an experimental study compared holland/arkansas and massachusetts/arkansas vaccination protocols to determine the efficacy of commercial infectious bronchitis virus vaccines in reducing respiratory dise ... | 2007 | 17626488 |
| molecular characterization of avian infectious bronchitis virus strains from outbreaks in argentina (2001-2008). | twenty infectious bronchitis virus isolates were recovered from broilers and layers in different outbreaks amongst commercial poultry flocks in different geographic regions of argentina from 2001 to 2008. the viruses were isolated from the tracheas, lungs, and caecal tonsils of birds that were showing respiratory signs. further analysis based on their nucleotide and amino acid sequences in hypervariable region (hvr) 1 and the intervening sequence including hvrs 1 and 2 (hvr1/2) of the s1 gene wa ... | 2009 | 19322714 |
| lawsuit puts flu-vaccine contract in doubt. | | 2009 | 19571851 |
| bacterial contamination of hands increases risk of cross-contamination among low-income puerto rican meal preparers. | to examine the association of microbial contamination of the meal preparer's hands with microbial status of food and kitchen/utensil surfaces during home preparation of a "chicken and salad" meal. | 2009 | 19879494 |
| chicken salad as the source of a case of listeria monocytogenes infection in connecticut. | listeriosis is a severe infection with high morbidity and mortality. we report a fatal case of listeriosis in a patient with a history of crohn's disease who consumed chicken salad purchased from a retail food establishment before developing listeriosis. as part of the regulatory testing programs, the u.s. department of agriculture food safety and inspection service and the florida department of agriculture and consumer affairs found that chicken products from a single food-production establishm ... | 2009 | 20003746 |
| attenuated live vaccine usage affects accurate measures of virus diversity and mutation rates in avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | the full-length genomes of 11 infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) field isolates from three different types of the virus; massachusetts (mass), connecticut (conn) and california (cal) isolated over a 41, 25 and 8 year period respectively, were sequenced and analyzed to determine the mutation rates and level of polymorphisms across the genome. positive selection was not detected and mutation rates ranged from 10(-4) to 10(-6)substitutions/site/year for mass and conn ibv types where attenuated live ... | 2011 | 21539870 |
| simultaneous detection of five major serotypes of avian coronavirus by a multiplex microsphere-based assay. | avian coronavirus (commonly known as infectious bronchitis virus [ibv]) is of major economic importance to commercial chicken producers worldwide. due to the existence of multiple serotypes and variants of the virus that do not cross-protect, it is important to diagnose circulating serotypes and choose the right vaccine type for successful protection. in an effort to improve conventional diagnostic tests, a microsphere-based assay was developed and evaluated for simultaneous detection of the mos ... | 2013 | 23847226 |
| characterization of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus dmv/1639/11 recovered from delmarva broiler chickens in 2011. | a limited outbreak of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis (nib) occurred in three delmarva (dmv) commercial broiler chicken flocks in 2011. isolates of nib virus (nibv)--dmv/1639/11, dmv/3432/11, and dmv/3902/11--were characterized by sequence analysis of the n-terminal subunit (s1) of the spike (s) gene. findings indicated that the isolates were identical to each other and to pa/9579a/10, a 2010 isolate from poultry in pennsylvania. the 2010 and 2011 isolates appear to have originated from a ... | 2013 | 23678731 |
| from tryptophan to hydroxytryptophan: reflections on a busy life. | given the very difficult odyssey of my early years, who could have imagined the incredible and successful journey that constituted my life path after age 13? i was born into a jewish family in breslau, germany, right before the rise of nazism and hitler's election. after kristallnacht, when my father was taken to buchenwald concentration camp, we had to leave germany as soon as possible. the first opportunity came in may of 1939, when we boarded the ss st. louis bound for havana, cuba. almost al ... | 2009 | 19400702 |
| antimicrobial resistance and genetic relatedness among salmonella from retail foods of animal origin: narms retail meat surveillance. | salmonella isolates were recovered from a monthly sampling of chicken breasts, ground turkey, ground beef, and pork chops purchased from selected grocery stores in six participating foodnet sites (connecticut, georgia, maryland, minnesota, oregon, and tennessee) in 2002 and an additional two sites in 2003 (california and new york). in 2002 and 2003, a total of 6,046 retail meats were examined, including 1,513 chicken breasts, 1,499 ground turkey samples, 1,522 ground beef samples, and 1,502 pork ... | 2006 | 16602986 |
| heterogeneity and seroprevalence of a newly identified avian hepatitis e virus from chickens in the united states. | we recently identified and characterized a novel virus, designated avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev), from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (hs syndrome) in the united states. avian hev is genetically related to but distinct from human and swine hevs. to determine the extent of genetic variation and the seroprevalence of avian hev infection in chicken flocks, we genetically identified and characterized 11 additional avian hev isolates from chickens with hs syndrome and assessed th ... | 2002 | 12409397 |