| human calicivirus-associated diarrhea in children attending day care centers. | we investigated human calicivirus (hcv)-associated diarrhea in children attending day care centers by using stool specimens collected in 1981-1983. we used a screening enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) derived from reagents prepared against the sapporo strain of hcv and confirmed positive results with a blocking elisa and immunosorbent electron microscopy. hcv was detected in 11 (2.9%) of 375 diarrheal stools and in none of 86 stools from asymptomatic contacts. this incidence rate was ha ... | 1989 | 2535867 |
| glycine-based oral rehydration solution: reassessment of safety and efficacy. | we evaluated the safety and efficacy of a glycine-based orally administered rehydration solution by comparing it with a standard oral rehydration solution (ors) without glycine in a randomized double-blind trial in united states infants (age less than 15 months) given treatment for acute gastroenteritis as inpatients or outpatients. the response to therapy (stool volume and duration of illness) was similar in the two groups, except that in four (13%) of 31 hospitalized infants receiving glycine- ... | 1986 | 3534198 |
| etiology of summer diarrhea among the navajo. | the etiology of diarrhea in children and adults on the navajo indian reservation was investigated in august 1975. fifty-six ill individuals and 37 controls were included in the study. shigella was most commonly associated with diarrhea, and was isolated from 32% of ill children and adults. fifty percent of shigella isolates tested were resistant to ampicillin. heat-stable enterotoxin-(st)-producing organisms were associated with noninflammatory diarrhea in adults (27% of these cases had st-produ ... | 1980 | 7406112 |
| diarrhoeal diseases in the white mountain apaches: clinical studies. | acute diarrhoeal diseases continue to be a major health problem in certain underprivileged populations in the united states, including native americans living in reservations. to describe the features of patients with diarrhoeal diseases requiring medical care, those attending the medical facilities of the fort apache indian reservation, whiteriver, arizona, were studied during 1981-1985. clinical and aetiological information was obtained on 535 patients which constitute a 20% sample of those at ... | 1995 | 7657960 |
| diarrheal illness among infants and toddlers in day care centers. ii. comparison with day care homes and households. | during the second year of a prospective study of diarrheal illness among 0- to 36-month-old children in day care centers in maricopa county, arizona, we concurrently studied children of the same age in 30 day care homes and 102 households not using day care. the seasonal pattern of diarrhea, frequency of pathogen isolation, and relative frequency of individual pathogens were similar in the three settings. giardia lamblia and rotavirus were the most common enteropathogens. asymptomatic infection ... | 1985 | 2995629 |
| diarrheal illness among infants and toddlers in day care centers. i. epidemiology and pathogens. | we conducted a 2-year prospective study of diarrheal illness in children ages 0 to 36 months in 22 day care centers in maricopa county, arizona. in 7464 child-months of observation, 465 sporadic cases and 170 outbreak-associated cases of diarrhea were identified. enteric pathogens were identified in 20% of diarrhea episodes. giardia lamblia, rotavirus, and campylobacter jejuni were the most common pathogens. giardia was significantly more common in toddlers than in infants and was found in 19% o ... | 1985 | 2995628 |
| epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in a prospectively monitored american indian population. | rotaviral diarrhea is endemic in most areas of the world, yet community-wide epidemics have not been reported in prospectively monitored populations. this prospective study of the etiology of diarrhea included biweekly visits to the homes of 10% of the population of the white mountain apache indians and began in april 1981. during a three-week period beginning 21 october, 1981, 342 new cases of diarrhea were identified on different parts of the reservation. rotaviral antigen, detected by an enzy ... | 1985 | 2995503 |
| infantile gastroenteritis associated with excretion of pestivirus antigens. | faeces from children under 2 years old who had gastroenteritis that could not be attributed to recognised enteric pathogens were examined with a monoclonal-antibody-based immunoassay for pestivirus antigens. such antigens were detected in 30 of 128 episodes of gastroenteritis. children without diarrhoeal disease and children infected with rotaviruses had little evidence of pestivirus infection (faeces positive in 1 of 28 and 1 of 31, respectively). the diarrhoeal disease in children excreting pe ... | 1989 | 2564059 |
| rotavirus diarrhoea in apache children: a case-control study. | a case-control study of rotavirus diarrhoea in apache children up to two years old was conducted at the white mountain apache reservation from 1 may through 15 december 1985 to identify risk factors for rotavirus diarrhoea. the mothers of fifty cases, forty-five hospital controls and twenty-five neighbourhood controls participated in this study. exposure to other children with diarrhoea stood out as the single most important factor for acquiring rotavirus diarrhoea (odds ratio = 14.0). other sig ... | 1990 | 2262270 |
| a longitudinal cohort study in calves evaluated for rotavirus infections from 1 to 12 months of age by sequential serological assays. | using an immunocytochemical staining assay involving six different recombinant baculoviruses with each expressing one of the major bovine rotavirus vp7 (g6, g8 and g10) and vp4 (p6[1], p7[5] and p8[11]) serotypes, we analyzed igg antibody responses to individual proteins in archival serum samples collected from 31 calves monthly from 1 to 12 months of age during 1974-1975 in higley, arizona. seroresponses to vp7 and vp4, as determined by a fourfold or greater antibody response, were not always e ... | 2009 | 19343476 |
| epidemiology of diarrhea due to rotavirus on an indian reservation: risk factors in the home environment. | analysis of outpatient visits for diarrheal disease at the san carlos apache reservation, arizona, during 1977-1979 revealed a sharp increase in cases of infantile gastroenteritis of unknown etiology in october and november of each year. during the 1980 autumn diarrhea season, 19 patients and 12 control subjects were selected from among outpatients under two years of age and were interviewed and studied for bacterial and viral enteric pathogens. eleven (58%) of 19 patients and two (17%) of 12 co ... | 1982 | 6282985 |