| changes in aids incidence trends in the united states. | estimating the current prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and projecting the future incidence of aids require that trends in incidence be analyzed and interpreted. we analyzed aids incidence trends in the united states by exposure category and selected demographic factors. in 1987, the trend in united states aids incidence changed as growth in the number of cases diagnosed per quarter began to decline. the slowing in growth is due in large part to a plateau in quarterly incidence i ... | 1992 | 1588489 |
| quality of life in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection: measurement by the medical outcomes study instrument. | to assess the reliability and validity of the medical outcomes study (mos) short form health survey as an indicator for quality of life in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1992 | 1727616 |
| childbearing and contraceptive-use plans among women at high risk for hiv infection--selected u.s. sites, 1989-1991. | from september 1990 through august 1991, 2655 (49%) of the 5457 women reported with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the united states had been injecting-drug users (idus), and 1136 (21%) had had sexual intercourse with men who were idus (1). during the same period, 413 (56%) of the 735 children (aged less than 13 years) reported with aids were born to mothers who were either idus (38%) or sex partners of idus (18%) (1). even though messages and services regarding prevention of human ... | 1992 | 1738361 |
| reducing hiv sexual risk behaviors among runaway adolescents. | reductions in runaways' sexual risk behaviors were evaluated in response to an intensive program to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | 1991 | 1870249 |
| clinical significance of neutropenia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | to determine the incidence of infection in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients during periods of neutropenia and non-neutropenia. to compare the infection rates in patients with hiv disease to those in a group hospitalized with neutropenia and hematologic malignancy. | 1991 | 1918889 |
| from the centers for disease control. risk for cervical disease in hiv-infected women--new york city. | | 1991 | 1845775 |
| estimating infant mortality from human immunodeficiency virus and other causes in breast-feeding and bottle-feeding populations. | this paper discusses the literature dealing with breast-feeding in women with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. this review is used to develop a background for a quantitative assessment of factors determining whether breast-feeding or bottle-feeding will result in a lower overall mortality in areas of different hiv prevalence. an algebraic formula is presented that enables calculation of the mortality that would result in any population if the following variables are known or capable ... | 1992 | 1734398 |
| hiv-1 seroprevalence in pregnant women testing positive on serologic screening for syphilis. | epidemic increases in active syphilis have been reported in the geographic areas hit hard by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. although both epidemics have been associated with illicit substance abuse, the extent to which recent increases in syphilis are linked to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) epidemic is uncertain. in order to define the frequency of syphilis and hiv-1 coinfection in the pregnant patients seen at city hospital center at elmhurst, we saved syphilis-positive serologi ... | 1992 | 1734241 |
| factors associated with urban gay men's treatment initiation decisions for hiv infection. | while a public health emphasis on primary prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection continues, it is recognized that large numbers of individuals are already infected. efforts at secondary prevention focus on early medical intervention and may be effective in slowing progression to a diagnosis of aids. understanding the factors that promote or impede seropositive individuals from receiving prompt medical treatment and complying with treatment regimens is essential to prolonging ... | 1992 | 1642958 |
| high risk of active tuberculosis in hiv-infected drug users with cutaneous anergy. | to determine the incidence of active tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seropositive and hiv-seronegative drug injectors with cutaneous anergy and to examine the effectiveness of isoniazid chemoprophylaxis in preventing tuberculosis among drug injectors with positive tuberculin test results. | 1992 | 1619742 |
| human immunodeficiency virus-1 seroprevalence among parturients in los angeles county public hospitals. | to estimate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) among parturients in an area with a high cumulative incidence of aids, an hiv seroprevalence study was conducted in 1988 in los angeles county. test results were available from 8485 (86.1%) of the 9860 women delivering at four public hospitals. the test results were linked to demographic and medical information available from routinely collected delivery records. three specimens were hiv-positive, for a seroprevalence of 3 ... | 1992 | 1565344 |
| thrombocytopenia in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus: long-term follow-up and therapeutic considerations. | among 180 children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1), 14 (8%) developed thrombocytopenia during the course of the disease and have been followed for an average period of 18.8 months. eight of 14 patients had clinical signs of bleeding. increased levels of anti-platelet igg antibodies were detected in 86% of patients tested and did not correlate with severity of disease. eight patients were treated initially with intravenous immunoglobulins (ivig) and responded with a transient i ... | 1992 | 1560341 |
| drug use contexts and hiv-consequences: the effect of drug policy on patterns of everyday drug use in rotterdam and the bronx. | epidemiological data on hiv seroprevalence has been essential in assessing the (future) extent of the aids epidemic. by coupling these data with quantifiable variables related to injection drug use (frequency of injecting, number of needle sharing partners) specific 'risk behaviors' could be determined, accounting for the rapid spread of the virus in the injecting drug user (idu) population. yet, such data give little information on the social mechanisms and setting generating such risk behavior ... | 1992 | 1559037 |
| human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis b virus infections in a new york city alcoholic population. | alcoholics have previously been reported to have an increased susceptibility to hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. since human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is transmitted in a similar fashion, we studied 143 consecutive in- and outpatient alcoholics residing in new york city for hiv and hbv prevalence and associated risk factors. of these alcoholics, 19 (13%) individuals were hiv positive, 57 (40%) were hepatitis b seropositive. intravenous drug use and sexual contact with an iv drug user were t ... | 1992 | 1556861 |
| human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity in critically ill neonates in the south bronx. | cord blood was anonymously screened to determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seropositivity in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) at the bronx lebanon hospital center, located in the south bronx. we speculated that factors leading to admission to the nicu such as low birth weight, prematurity and being small for gestational age would also be associated with an increased prevalence of hiv seropositivity. during the study period the prevalence of ... | 1992 | 1549407 |
| health care workers, tuberculosis, and the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic. | | 1992 | 1514102 |
| condom use among male injecting-drug users--new york city, 1987-1990. | heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) continues to increase, especially among injecting-drug users (idus) and their sex partners. during 1991, 22% of women with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the united states reported having had sex with a male idu; this risk behavior was second to injecting-drug use (48%) as a transmission category for women. to better understand how to reduce heterosexual transmission of hiv, a study on condom use among male idus on the ... | 1992 | 1501604 |
| drug-resistant tuberculosis in an urban population including patients at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection. | in the past 5 yr, an increased incidence of tuberculosis has been noted in the united states. simultaneously, the population infected with human immunodeficiency virus-type i (hiv-i) and the number of cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) have increased. selected areas of the united states have also reported increases in the frequency of drug-resistant isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis. because our institution serves a population in which tuberculosis, aids, and drug resistant ... | 1992 | 1489113 |
| mortality trends in a cohort of homosexual men in new york city, 1978-1988. | trends in mortality related to infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and to other causes were examined from 1978 to 1988 in a cohort of 8,906 homosexual men who participated in studies of hepatitis b virus infection in the late 1970s in new york city. hiv-related mortality rates increased from 1 per 10,000 person-years in 1980 to 181 per 10,000 person-years in 1986, followed by a plateau from 1986 to 1988. the standardized mortality ratio among white men in the cohort was 3.7 ... | 1992 | 1442731 |
| immunologic markers of progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are time-dependent and illness-specific. | since prevalent cohorts may be biased by the duration of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection (onset bias), it is useful to assess the potential predictive value of markers in incident cohorts of hiv-positive subjects for whom the date of seroconversion is known or can reliably be estimated. of 131 homosexual men with hiv-1 seroconversion from new york city and washington, dc, who were evaluated annually beginning in 1982, 60 developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) by the end ... | 1992 | 1384311 |
| seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus in women admitted to the hospital with pelvic inflammatory disease. | to assess the association of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) with other sexually transmitted diseases we undertook an anonymous hiv antibody serosurvey of all women admitted to the hospital with pelvic inflammatory disease. all the patients were given hiv risk reduction information and offered voluntary antibody testing. thirty-one consecutive patients were evaluated; 30 specimens were suitable for anonymous testing. five of the 30 (16.7%) were seropositive on both an enzyme-linked immuno ... | 1991 | 2010894 |
| feasibility of interactive videodisc technology to teach minority youth about preventing hiv infection. | hispanic and african american adolescents are more likely than white anglo youth to harbor misconceptions about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and are also more likely to engage in intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse. this paper describes the development of an aids prevention curriculum that uses an interactive videodisc program to teach skills for interventions. focus group and expert panel studies yielded suggests for intervention vignettes and scenes relevant to hispanic an ... | 1992 | 1375760 |
| clinical manifestations and predictors of disease progression in drug users with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | to examine the clinical course of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in injection-drug users, we conducted a prospective study of a cohort of patients in a methadone-treatment program in new york city from july 1985 through december 1990. the patients underwent standardized evaluations at base line and semiannually thereafter and received on-site primary medical care. rates of progression to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and major outcomes before the development of aids ... | 1992 | 1359411 |
| survival in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus-infected tuberculosis patients in new york city. implications for the expansion of the aids case definition. | the occurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons is believed to represent a less severe stage of hiv-related disease with a more favorable prognosis than other acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-defining conditions; therefore, it has been excluded from the aids definition established by the centers for disease control (atlanta, ga) criteria. | 1992 | 1358042 |
| forecasts of the costs of medical care for persons with hiv: 1992-1995. | this study concludes that the cumulative (national) cost of treating all persons with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) rose considerably over the past year and will continue to rise over the next several years. it is forecast that the cumulative cost of treating all persons with hiv will increase 48% from 1992 to 1995 (from $10.3 billion to $15.2 billion). it is estimated that the average yearly cost of treating a person with aids is $38,300 and of treating an infected person without aids ... | 1992 | 1356925 |
| clinical and laboratory correlates of human immunodeficiency virus infection in a cohort of intravenous drug users from new york, ny. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic has increasingly involved intravenous drug users. few studies have attempted to define its clinical and laboratory characteristics in this population. | 1992 | 1353953 |
| otosyphilis: a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. | traditional treatment of otosyphilis with penicillin and corticosteroids has achieved hearing improvement; however, selecting which patients with a positive fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (fta-abs) test will benefit from treatment remains a problem. in order to study this problem, 18 patients with cochleovestibular dysfunction of unknown etiology and positive syphilis serology were treated with intravenous penicillin and corticosteroids. in addition, lumbar puncture and human immunod ... | 1992 | 1307698 |
| resurgent tuberculosis in new york city. human immunodeficiency virus, homelessness, and the decline of tuberculosis control programs. | the resurgence of tuberculosis in new york city has been largely attributed to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) epidemic. however, historical events predating the advent of aids and worsening economic and social conditions, including a rise in homelessness, have contributed significantly to the increase. we prospectively studied 224 consecutive patients with tuberculosis admitted to a large public hospital in new york over the first 9 months of 1988. initial assessment included med ... | 1991 | 1928942 |
| demographic characteristics, drug use, and sexual behavior of i.v. drug user with aids in bronx, new york. | intravenous (i.v.) drug users are a key factor in the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, yet epidemiologic information about this population, especially those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, is scarce. the demographic characteristics, drug use behavior, and sexual practices of i.v. drug users who developed aids were prospectively studied at the montefiore medical center from october 1984 to february 1988. the early wave of i.v. drug users with aids was charact ... | 1991 | 1899944 |
| sexual behaviors and hiv infection in intravenous drug users in new york city. | heterosexual transmission of hiv infection is closely linked with intravenous drug use. this study investigated the sexual behaviors of intravenous drug users (ivdus) in new york city. in 1986, 284 ivdus were recruited from newly enrolled patients in methadone treatment clinics. a questionnaire asking for information on sexual behaviors was administered and sera were collected and tested by elisa and western blot techniques. associations between behavioral data and hiv serology were evaluated us ... | 1991 | 1932149 |
| epidemiology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus infection in adolescents. | the epidemiology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and human immunodeficiency virus infection (hiv) in adolescents is important for purposes of prevention and car, since sexual and drug behavior is formed during this period. for 1990 the centers for disease control reports .4% of aids cases are among adolescents 13-19 years old; this figure has steadily risen since 1982. 53% of the reported aids cases were from new york, florida, california, texas, puerto rico, and new jersey, and has ... | 1991 | 2062630 |
| hiv seroprevalence and risk behaviors in psychiatric inpatients. | the seroprevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in 515 patients consecutively admitted to a state psychiatric hospital in new york city was 8.9%. there were 365 patients whose results were individually traceable; the remaining 150 patients were tested anonymously. risk factors including parenteral drug abuse, male homosexual behaviors, and other sexual behaviors were studied in the traceable patients. logistic regressions indicated that parenteral drug abuse was the main risk factor ... | 1991 | 1798815 |
| hiv infection among members of the army reserve components residing in new york city. | a total of 10,722 members of the us army reserve and army national guard residing within the five boroughs of new york city (nyc) were tested for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the crude prevalence in nyc was found to be 10.6 per 1,000, compared with a national prevalence of 1.6 per 1,000. the highest prevalences were found among blacks and hispanics, males, and among those aged 30-39 years. patterns of infection were found to be similar to those found among heterosexual and dru ... | 1991 | 1771042 |
| effect of psychological factors on risk behavior of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection among intravenous drug users (ivdus). | the effect of psychological factors on drug and sexual behaviors in relation to hiv infection was investigated among 262 ivdus in methadone clinics in new york city. among female ivdus, the hiv positive subjects reported larger numbers of sex partners than those subjects who were hiv negative, and those who had larger numbers of sex partners were more likely to be depressed. the ivdus who had larger numbers of needle-sharing partners at shooting galleries were more likely to be hiv positive. int ... | 1991 | 1938003 |
| the geographic and ethnic diversity of aids incidence trends in homosexual/bisexual men in the united states. | we examined geographic and racial/ethnic variation in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) incidence in homosexual and bisexual men (i.e., men who report sex with men: mswm) not using i.v. drugs in the united states. the aids incidence in these men has continued to increase in the united states. incidence increased much less rapidly after 1986 in the three metropolitan statistical areas (msas) with the most cases, new york city, los angeles, and san francisco, and may have reached a platea ... | 1991 | 1941525 |
| risk for cervical disease in hiv-infected women--new york city. | | 1990 | 2172758 |
| physicians' attitudes toward the autopsy of patients with aids. | in spite of the value of autopsy in modern medicine, autopsy rates continue to decline. this decline has been especially pronounced for patients who die of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). in this paper, we assess the attitudes of house officers toward the autopsy in aids patients. the survey encompassed 112 internal medicine housestaff (imhs) and 37 pathology housestaff (phs) at two new york city university hospitals that care for large numbers of aids patients. a self-administered qu ... | 1991 | 1945149 |
| characteristics of hiv-infected adults in acute care hospitals in new york state, 1984-1986. | the new york state acute care, hospital discharge database was used to create a longitudinal case history file for all adult inpatients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). from 1984 through 1986, 12,958 individuals with hiv-related diseases were treated in acute care hospitals throughout the state. approximately 80% of those people resided in new york city, and nearly half of them were between ages 30 and 39 years. over the three-year period, the proportion of females increased ... | 1991 | 1945150 |
| the new york needle trial: the politics of public health in the age of aids. | during the past 5 years, the exchange of sterile needles and syringes for dirty injecting equipment has gained increasing acceptance outside the united states as a potential means of reducing the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among intravenous drug users. this article describes the controversy over attempts to establish a needle and syringe exchange scheme in new york city between 1985 and 1991. the response to a health crisis is used as an indicator of patterns of socia ... | 1991 | 1951815 |
| disseminated tuberculosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome era. | to assess the influence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv)-induced immunodeficiency on the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features of disseminated tuberculosis (tb), we studied 79 patients presenting in 1984 through 1987 with miliary or focal disseminated disease due to mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as 4 additional non-hiv patients diagnosed after 1987. clinically defined acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or aids-related complex (arc) was present in 51 (group 1). ... | 1991 | 1952449 |
| a prospective study of infants of human immunodeficiency virus seropositive and seronegative women with a history of intravenous drug use or of intravenous drug-using sex partners, in the bronx, new york city. | a prospective study was conducted in the bronx, new york, of 70 infants of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected (n = 33) and uninfected (n = 37) mothers who had a history of intravenous drug use or of intravenous drug-using sex partners. infants were observed from birth to a median age of 23 months (range 3 to 54 months). hiv infection was confirmed in seven infants (21%) of seropositive mothers; six developed hiv disease, with symptoms observed in the first year. of these, three died (3, ... | 1991 | 1956745 |
| "prostitutes as pariah in the age of aids": a content analysis of coverage of women prostitutes in the new york times and the washington post september 1985-april 1988. | misrepresentation in the media portrays women prostitutes as sexual transmitters of aids to men. yet careful study of the available data shows male-to-female transmission of the hiv virus is the overwhelming mode of heterosexual transmission of aids. content analysis is performed to analyze the role newspaper coverage played from 1985 through early 1988 in the social construction of prostitutes as a new target group for aids. the results show little concern for the health of prostitutes at risk ... | 1990 | 2267805 |
| human t lymphotropic virus type ii (htlv-ii) infection in a cohort of new york intravenous drug users: an old infection? | to identify risk factors for human t lymphotropic virus type ii (htlv-ii) infection in intravenous drug users (ivdus), participants in a longitudinal study of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in a new york methadone maintenance program were studied. of 270 participants tested for htlv-i/ii, 21 (8%) were seropositive. of those, 15 (71%) had htlv-ii-specific sequences by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and 1 (5%) had both htlv-i- and -ii-specific sequences; 3 persons with indeterminate ... | 1991 | 1988509 |
| an evaluation of the use of the statewide planning and research cooperative system of new york state as a resource planning tool for hiv infection. | hospital discharge records of patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in new york state were studied to determine whether cases of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection were identified. we estimate that as many as 13 percent of hospitalizations of patients with pcp in 1987 and 10 percent of those in 1988 were not appropriately identified as hiv related. identification of pcp as hiv related was a function of a hospital's volume of pcp admissions. | 1991 | 1990864 |
| prevalence of hiv infection in childbearing women in the united states. surveillance using newborn blood samples. | a national, population-based survey was initiated in 1988 to measure the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in women giving birth to infants in the united states. following standardized procedures, residual dried-blood specimens collected on filter paper for newborn metabolic screening were tested anonymously in state public health laboratories for maternal antibody to hiv. as of september 1990, annual survey data were available from 38 states and the district of columbia ... | 1991 | 2002571 |
| a method for estimating hiv transmission rates among female sex partners of male intravenous drug users. | there are few data available on the dynamics of heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission among women whose only risk factor is sexual contact with intravenous drug-using males. unlike models which rely on unconfirmed estimates regarding sexual partner selectivity and contact rates between infected and uninfected populations, data from a survey conducted between november 1988 and february 1989 of 1,842 women in new york city provide empirical values for these variables which t ... | 1991 | 2006646 |
| national aids incidence trends and the extent of zidovudine therapy in selected demographic and transmission groups. | after mid-1987 fewer than the expected number of cases of aids were reported in the united states in some demographic and transmission groups but not in others. gay men (regardless of intravenous drug use), adults with hemophilia, and transfusion recipients exhibited fewer cases than expected based on previously reliable models. these favorable trends could not be explained by assuming earlier cessation of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. favorable aids incidence trends were not fou ... | 1991 | 2007974 |
| cumulative aids incidence and altered mortality from mycobacterial disease: new jersey. | changes in mycobacterial disease mortality between 1980 and 1986 were examined among new jersey residents aged 25 to 44 using single cause of death data. the demographic group with the highest cumulative incidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) (non-white residents of the four urban counties adjacent to new york city) sustained an increase of 10.1 deaths/100,000 men/yr and 3.1 deaths/100,000 women/yr. groups with lower cumulative incidence of aids sustained smaller increases in my ... | 1991 | 2008983 |
| serosurveillance of human immunodeficiency virus infection. | | 1991 | 2014853 |
| comparison of newborn screening records and birth certificates to estimate bias in newborn hiv serosurveys. | implicit in the new york state newborn hiv seroprevalence study is the assumption that newborns of all new york state residents are tested for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibodies. we examined this assumption by describing that part of the 1988 new york newborn population not tested in the hiv seroprevalence study and assessing any bias contributed by this group. of the expected total hiv specimens 1.5 percent were never received by the newborn screening program, 0.5 percent were invali ... | 1991 | 2014879 |
| geographic distribution of newborn hiv seroprevalence in relation to four sociodemographic variables. | the geographic distribution of newborn human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence at zip code level was compared with the distribution of four sociodemographic variables. for new york city significant univariate correlations were found between hiv and low birthweight, drug use (as measured by hospital discharges), maternal education less than 12 years, and race/ethnicity. less significant correlations were found for new york state exclusive of new york city. for new york city a model comprising ... | 1991 | 2014880 |
| projection of aids incidence in women in new york state. | the results of the newborn hiv seroprevalence study in new york state for 1988 were used to estimate the number of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected women of childbearing age in 1988. the estimate was accomplished for each of 80 age, racial/ethnic, and geographic strata by dividing the number of seropositive newborns by the 1988 estimated fertility rate. summing across strata yielded a total of 23,430 infected women age 15 to 44 years in 1988. from this estimate a tree model was used t ... | 1991 | 2014881 |
| hiv infection among women entering the new york state correctional system. | human immunodeficiency virus infection is the leading medical problem among prison inmates in several states. in 1988 a blinded seroprevalence study was conducted on 480 new york female prison entrants to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for hiv infection in this population. ninety (18.8 percent) women were hiv-seropositive. seroprevalence was highest among women ages 30-39 (25.0 percent) and varied by ethnicity (hispanics, 29.4 percent; blacks, 14.4 percent; whites, 7.1 percent) and ... | 1991 | 2014882 |
| impact of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic on mortality in children, united states. | to assess the effect of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic on mortality in us children younger than 15 years of age and to identify associated causes of death, the authors examined final national mortality statistics for 1988, the most recent year for which such data are available. in 1988, there were 249 deaths attributed to hiv/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in children younger than 15 years of age. associated causes of death listed most frequently on 270 death certific ... | 1991 | 2034483 |
| seroepidemiology and clinical aspects of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i/ii infection in a cohort of intravenous drug users in new york city. | to define further the magnitude, epidemiology, and clinical features of human t-cell lymphotropic/leukemia virus type i/ii (htlv-i/ii) infection in 454 intravenous drug users in new york city, we evaluated previously frozen aliquots of sera for htlv-i/ii antibodies using enzyme-linked immunoassay, western blot, and radioimmunoprecipitation techniques. we found htlv-i/ii infection in 18.9% of the subjects. age (p = 0.001), race (p = 0.001), having a same gender sexual relationship (p = 0.01), and ... | 1991 | 2047026 |
| [dimensions of the challenge introduced by hiv and aids]. | the mode of transmission of aids is via sexual intercourse, injection of drugs, and from infected mother to child. incubation time averages 11 years according to the latest studies. survival after the development of the disease amounts to 14.4 months in the u.s., only 11% live longer than 3 years. treatment with azt can prolong survival by months. an effective drug or a vaccine is not in sight, and the reliability of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody test has been questioned. ... | 1990 | 2092475 |
| drug users' aids-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors before and after aids education sessions. | the investigators interviewed 100 drug users in a detoxification facility before and after they received information about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the drug users already had a considerable amount of information about aids and hiv transmission modes before they received the information. however, 79 percent of them reported never having used condoms. fifty percent of intravenous drug users acknowledged having shared needles during the previ ... | 1990 | 2120728 |
| patterns of hiv-1 and htlv-i/ii in intravenous drug abusers from the middle atlantic and central regions of the usa. | seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and human t lymphotropic virus types i and ii (htlv-i/ii) was determined among 1160 intravenous (iv) drug abusers from five drug treatment or medical centers (manhattan, brooklyn, new jersey, detroit, and new orleans). hiv-1 infection ranged from 5% in new orleans to 48% in new york city. hispanics and blacks had a significantly higher rate of hiv-1 infection than whites (p less than .01), but within each group rates were similar betw ... | 1990 | 2373871 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection among homeless men in a new york city shelter. association with mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroprevalence among a selected sample of 169 high-risk homeless men residing in a congregate shelter in new york city, ny, was 62%. seropositivity for hiv correlated significantly with intravenous drug use (odds ratio, 3.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 4.4) and active tuberculosis (odds ratio, 7.0; 95% confidence interval, 3.4 to 13.5). most cases of active tuberculosis were among homeless men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or aids-relat ... | 1990 | 2121112 |
| interaction of human immunodeficiency and papilloma viruses: association with anal epithelial abnormality in homosexual men. | during the 7th annual follow-up of our cohort of homosexual men in 1989, we tested the hypotheses that infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) may enhance the expression of human papilloma virus (hpv) and that the development of anal epithelial abnormality is related to a biologic interaction between these two viruses. overall, 41 (39%) of the 105 men had anal swabs positive for one or more genotypes of hpv 6/11, 16/18 or 31/33/35. twenty-three (53%) of the 43 hiv-positive subjects har ... | 1990 | 2166710 |
| recent developments in sexually transmitted diseases: is heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus a major epidemiologic factor in the spread of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome? ii: the united states and western europe. | | 1990 | 2209074 |
| racial/ethnic differences in hiv-1 seroprevalence and risky behaviors among intravenous drug users in a multisite study. | differences in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seroprevalence and patterns of drug-use and sexual behaviors were examined among hispanic, black, and white intravenous drug users recruited at multiple sites in worcester, massachusetts. a total of 1,092 (786 males, 306 females) intravenous drug users were interviewed, and hiv-1 antibody test results were available for 874 (80.0%). after adjustment for demographic differences, black males were significantly less likely to report risky d ... | 1990 | 2239898 |
| the impact of an aids symposium on attitudes of providers of pediatric health care. | following reports of concern among health-care workers regarding the occupational risk of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), a symposium was designed in 1987 to demonstrate to health-care providers at three hospitals in the bronx, new york, the low risk of occupational hiv infection and techniques for avoiding infection. after the symposium, 103 of the health-care providers who had attended it completed a questionnaire assessing the impact of the symposium on their attitudes; ... | 1990 | 2242202 |
| death, aids morbidity, and hiv seroprevalence in new york city intravenous drug abusers. | drug treatment programs represent a point of access to intravenous drug abusers and, as such, may also be useful in monitoring health status indicators among this population. such a surveillance project was established in 1985 among drug treatment clinics in new york city to monitor the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic. hiv seroprevalence was 54% (255/469) in 1985, 61% (159/262) in 1986, and 60% (133/222) in 1987. of the 2500 cumulative enrollees in these clinics each year, 4 patients ... | 1990 | 2258951 |
| hiv antibody in persons screened for syphilis: prevalence in a new york city emergency room and primary care clinics. | an anonymous human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroprevalence survey was performed on bloods sent for syphilis serologic testing from the general medical or pediatric clinics or emergency room of a municipal hospital in the bronx, new york city. from july-december 1987, 549 sera from persons aged 15-54 were collected. hiv antibody was detected in 29/549 (5.3%) sera, increased with age from 0% in the group under 20 to 16.7% in those aged 35-39, and was significantly higher in men (27/230, 11.7%) ... | 1990 | 2264007 |
| aids prevention program for puerto rican women. | historically women are considered the family's primary care provider and biologically, they are the link in the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. because of this dual role, they need programs that are culturally sensitive and effective. many latinas do not perceive themselves to be at risk despite the educational resources available to them. this article examines cultural factors that influence risk perception and behavioral changes in response to educational intervention. interv ... | 1990 | 2270255 |
| pott's disease in urban populations. a report of five cases and a review of the literature. | five patients were treated at the queens hospital center between 1987 and 1989 for tuberculosis of the spine. all were members of low socioeconomic status minority groups: four were black and one was asian. three were intravenous drug abusers and were positive for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), one was homeless and suffering from alcoholism, and one had just arrived in the united states from a region in asia endemic for tuberculosis. all three hiv positive patients had negative tuberculin s ... | 1990 | 2277675 |
| effect of knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus infection status on sexual activity among homosexual men. | one hundred thirty-four homosexual men from a prospective cohort study of aids risk from new york city and washington d.c. and 139 homosexual men from a similar cohort in copenhagen and aarhus, denmark were questioned regarding their sexual practices and knowledge of their human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) status over the previous 12 months. seventy percent of danish men and 63% of u.s. men participated in anal intercourse during the previous 12 months. knowledge of one's own hiv status by itse ... | 1990 | 2293644 |
| human immunodeficiency virus transmission through artificial insemination. | six human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seropositive semen donors were identified during an antibody screening program initiated at an artificial insemination clinic in new york city in 1985. a total of 176 women underwent artificial insemination with fresh semen from these six donors between 1978 and mid-1985. of these 176 women, 134 women were hiv-1 antibody tested and 1 was found to be seropositive; she denied all other aids-associated risk behavior and her husband was seronegative. t ... | 1990 | 2293645 |
| variables influencing condom use among intravenous drug users. | correlates of condom use were identified using cross-sectional data from a convenience sample of 211 sexually active intravenous drug users enrolled in methadone maintenance in new york city. sixty-eight percent did not use condoms at all in the previous month and only 11 percent used condoms every time. nineteen percent were planning on conception, only 20 percent of whom had been tested for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody (all seronegative). multiple logistic regression analysis in ... | 1990 | 2293811 |
| risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection in patients at a sexually transmitted disease clinic in new york city. | patients who attended a sexually transmitted disease clinic in new york city in 1987 were offered enrollment in a nonblinded study to estimate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seroprevalence in adults with multiple sexual partners and to determine risk factors associated with hiv-1 infection. in addition, a blinded serosurvey of a representative sample of patients was performed to obtain an unbiased estimate of seroprevalence in clinic attendees. the seroprevalence in the blinded sero ... | 1990 | 2296975 |
| cocaine injection and ethnicity in parenteral drug users during the early years of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic in new york city. | parenteral drug users have a high prevalence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the etiologic agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). new york city has had a prolonged and extensive epidemic of hiv infection and aids. in this study, we analyze, in relation to antibody to hiv (anti-hiv), available data from sera from parenteral drug users collected in new york city during 1978 through 1983 in the course of studies of liver disease. among parenteral users of both he ... | 1989 | 2614398 |
| increasing rate of pneumonia hospitalizations in the bronx: a sentinel indicator for human immunodeficiency virus. | to describe secular trends in pneumonia hospitalizations in the bronx, new york city from 1982-1986, we analysed all cases with a discharge diagnosis of pneumonia, excluding pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), for bronx residents by age, sex, neighbourhood, and length of stay (n = 21,822). hospital deaths from pcp and immune disorders were analysed separately as a non-recurrent indicator of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) related disease prevalence by age, sex and geographical areas. from 1 ... | 1989 | 2621030 |
| sexual decision-making and aids: why condom promotion among vulnerable women is likely to fail. | this article examines the reasons for resistance to condom use among high-risk women (primarily intravenous drug users and/or the sexual partners of intravenous drug users) in two new york city aids prevention programs. the data collected indicate that a lack of economic, social, cultural, sexual, and technological options combine to lead vulnerable women to concentrate on addressing the more immediate risks in their lives: poverty, homelessness, and the frequent disruption of socioeconomic supp ... | 1989 | 2623725 |
| hiv infection in state hospitals: case reports and long-term management strategies. | issues facing state psychiatric hospitals as a result of the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are illustrated by five cases. these issues include use of universal precautions to prevent transmission of hiv, medical diagnosis and management of hiv-infected patients, management of threatening behavior by infected patients, management of patients' sexual behavior, and discharge planning. the authors suggest that institutions will be required to ensure that sexual behavior between pati ... | 1990 | 2303216 |
| therapy may explain recent deficits in aids incidence. | since the middle of 1987, fewer consistently defined aids cases have been reported than expected among homosexual and bisexual men in the united states. this "aids deficit" was greater among homosexual and bisexual men in new york city, san francisco, and los angeles, but was also striking among all homosexual and bisexual men in the united states. deficits were virtually absent among intravenous drug users (ivdus) in the united states. three independent sources of data--placebo-controlled trial ... | 1990 | 2313558 |
| hiv seroprevalence surveys: impetus for preventive activities. | seroprevalence determinations of human immunodeficiency virus are essential for design and implementation of preventive strategies. by demonstrating the severity of hiv infections within communities, new york state surveys have spurred preventive interventions, including information to the public and health care providers and increased counseling and testing of women of reproductive age. in high-prevalence areas the community health workers have been employed in preventive activities. specific i ... | 1991 | 2014887 |
| treatment choice for infants in the neonatal intensive care unit at risk for aids. | many infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units are the children of women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv); they have approximately a 30% risk of infection. to investigate attitudes surrounding treatment for such newborns, we conducted a survey of professionals at six neonatal intensive care units in new york city. a significant proportion of the 247 respondents recommended less aggressive treatment for non-hiv-related conditions for infants at risk for hiv compared wi ... | 1991 | 2033769 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infections in teenagers. seroprevalence among applicants for us military service. the walter reed retrovirus research group. | between october 15, 1985, and march 31, 1989, serum specimens from 1 141 164 teenaged youths (aged less than 20 years) who applied for entry into the us military were tested for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus. overall, 393 teenaged applicants were found to be seropositive (prevalence, 0.34 per 1000). prevalences varied markedly in different geographic locales: less than 0.1 per 1000 throughout the north-central states, compared with greater than 2 per 1000 in urban counties in ma ... | 1990 | 2319667 |
| serologic investigations in a new york city cohort of parenteral drug users. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection continues to be a major health problem for society. intravenous drug users are the second largest risk group for hiv infection. the disease primarily affects immunologic functioning. this study examined the inherent immunologic dysfunction by measuring the seroprevalence of infection against pathogens often associated with hiv infection. additionally, chi square analysis was used to compare intravenous drug users with a non-drug-using control group to ... | 1990 | 2362296 |
| the incidence and epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus infection in 320 patients treated in an inner-city hemodialysis center. | from january 1, 1986 through june 30, 1989, 320 maintenance hemodialysis patients treated at the brookdale hospital medical center were tested for the presence of antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blot assays. thirty-nine patients (12%) tested positive for hiv antibody (hiv+) with both the elisa and western blot, 24 (62%) of whom were known intravenous drug abusers (ivda). of the remaining non-ivda patients, unantic ... | 1990 | 2368703 |
| a survey of exposures, practices and recommendations of surgeons in the care of patients with human immunodeficiency virus. | policy makers face a conflict between satisfying concerns of health care workers (hcw) about the occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and ensuring adequate care for patients. this conflict is particularly severe in the field of surgery. we mailed a questionnaire on the surgical care of patients infected with hiv to 1,461 surgeons in new york city and philadelphia, and 551 (37.7 per cent) responded. although 1.9 per cent currently were testing all patients for hiv, 42 ... | 1990 | 2382201 |
| zidovudine therapy in an inner city population. | to determine the compliance and tolerance with zidovudine (azidothymidine or azt) therapy among poor, minority, and intravenous drug-using patients, data were collected on all aids and arc patients followed for at least 4 weeks in a new york city human immunodeficiency virus clinic. ninety-nine patients received zidovudine, of whom 75% were males, 92% were minorities, and 59% had a history of intravenous drug use. of the 99 patients, 72 had aids and 27 had arc with t-helper (cd4) lymphocytes les ... | 1990 | 2384864 |
| race/ethnicity as a risk factor for hiv-1 infection among connecticut intravenous drug users. | this cross-sectional study of 341 entrants to drug abuse treatment in four connecticut cities in 1986-1987 evaluated whether demographic, behavioral, viral serologic, or economic differences explained the disproportionate risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection among black and hispanic intravenous drug users (ivdus), relative to non-hispanic white ivdus. blacks [odds ratio (or) = 9.0, 95% confidence interval (ci) = 5.1-15.9] and hispanics (or = 4.1, 95% ci = 1.9-8.8) were a ... | 1989 | 2795451 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection in a cohort of intravenous drug users in new york city. demographic, behavioral, and clinical features. | in 1985, 454 intravenous drug users were recruited from among patients scheduled for physical examination in methadone treatment clinics in new york city. a questionnaire was administered, and serum was collected for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) serology. the hiv seroinfection rate was 60.6%, with antibody and antigen detected in 58.4% and 4.3%, respectively, of the population. nineteen percent of 307 subjects were in group iii or group iv of the centers for disease control (cdc) classific ... | 1989 | 2797531 |
| the relationship of cocaine use to syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus infections among inner city parturient women. | to study the relationship of cocaine use to syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus infections a blinded urine and serum survey was performed among parturient women at an inner city hospital. discarded urine samples of 1206 parturient women were saved and given code numbers that were also assigned to data sheets containing nonidentifying information, including prenatal care status and syphilis serologic results. in the latter part of the study blood remaining after syphilis serologic tests wer ... | 1990 | 2386137 |
| behavioral risk factors of human immunodeficiency virus infection among intravenous drug users and implications for preventive interventions. | risk behaviors for hiv infection in relation to drug and sexual activities among 262 intravenous drug users (ivdus) from methadone clinics in new york city were investigated using a structured questionnaire in 1986. the overall seroprevalence rate was 60.1 per cent. intravenous heroin and cocaine users were found to be significantly more likely to be hiv positive than those who used heroin and cocaine intranasally. among female ivdus, excluding prostitutes (defined by self-report of sex for mone ... | 1990 | 2393617 |
| risk factors for kaposi's sarcoma in the vancouver lymphadenopathy-aids study. | in our ongoing cohort study of homosexual men, the ratio of new kaposi's sarcoma (ks) cases to new opportunistic infections (oi) during the periods 1982-1985, 1986-1987, and 1988-1989 fell from 0.75 (9 ks: 12 oi) to 0.57 (12 ks:21 oi) to 0.27 (4 ks:15 oi), respectively. to examine factors associated with the development of ks as compared to oi, we compared antecedent risk factors in 25 ks cases and 48 oi "controls." in univariate analyses, several classical hiv risk factors including numbers of ... | 1990 | 2395081 |
| kaposi's sarcoma in three hiv-1-infected cohorts. | we describe the kaposi's sarcoma (ks) experience in three cohorts of homosexual men, subjects with hemophilia, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seroconverters. the risk of ks was higher in hiv-1-infected homosexual men from new york city as compared with washington, d.c. and was very low in the hemophilia subjects. while ks accounted for a decreasing proportion of aids cases in homosexual men, the absolute risk per year did not diminish. survival was similar after diagnosis of ks ... | 1990 | 2395084 |
| the pattern of organ donation in a large urban center. | despite increasing referrals for organ donation in metropolitan new york, procurement has remained essentially unchanged from 1983 through 1988 at 9 to 13 per million population, falling far short of increasing demand. this is not due to delay in the diagnosis of brain death, higher discard rates, or increased medical unsuitability, although exclusion because of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease, or risk thereof, has increased and now accounts for 38% of exclusions. consent for organ do ... | 1990 | 2402354 |
| frequency of mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia in patients with tuberculosis in an area endemic for aids. | mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia has recently been reported in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). at our institution, tuberculosis occurs commonly among patients with and without hiv infection. we sought to determine the frequency of m. tuberculosis bacteremia among patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis. during a 4-month period, mycobacterial blood cultures were obtained on all identifiable patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis. fifteen percent (9/59) o ... | 1989 | 2513763 |
| protecting the blood supply. | prevention of the transmission of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) by transfusion has been the most successful area of epidemiologic control of the disease. only 2% of the more than 50,000 cases reported to the centers for disease control (cdc) have been attributed to transfusion, and the vast majority of these patients were infected before the introduction of screening tests in april 1985. the overall prevention program involves donor education, adequate medical history, physical e ... | 1989 | 2520547 |
| epidemiologic background of blood donors with antibody to human t-cell lymphotropic virus. transfusion safety study group. | we interviewed 51 blood donors in four major us metropolitan areas subsequently found to have had antibodies to human t-cell lymphotropic virus (anti-htlv) in late 1984-early 1985. sixteen donors (31%) reported that they or a sexual contact had a history of blood transfusion. twelve donors (24%) reported that they or a sexual contact used intravenous drugs. ten donors (20%) were blacks born in the southeastern us. four of the male donors (15%) reported homosexual contact. the most common charact ... | 1989 | 2572078 |
| hiv-1 infection among intravenous drug users in manhattan, new york city, from 1977 through 1987. | intravenous drug users are the second largest group to develop the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and they are the primary source for heterosexual and perinatal transmission in the united states and europe. understanding long-term trends in the spread of human immunodeficiency virus among intravenous drug users is critical to controlling the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic. acquired immunodeficiency syndrome surveillance data and seroprevalence studies of drug treatment program ... | 1989 | 2915408 |
| evidence for spread of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic into low prevalence areas of the united states. | reports of an increased proportion of aids cases occurring in small and medium-sized cities suggest that the hiv epidemic may be spreading into locations that were previously characterized by their low hiv antibody prevalences. studying the question of the geographic spread of the hiv infection epidemic (rather than the aids epidemic) has been difficult largely because most serial seroprevalence data have been gathered from cohorts of high risk individuals (e.g., homosexual/bisexual cohorts) in ... | 1989 | 2585245 |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | a report entitled "kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocytosis carinii pneumonia among homosexual men in new york city and california" in the mmwr in july 1981 alerted the world to the appearance of a completely new disease. the opportunistic infections and cancers occurring in these patients had previously only been seen in patients who were immunosuppressed. homosexual men were the first as a major risk group to be identified. others quickly followed. the pattern of occurrence clearly indicated an infe ... | 1989 | 2599843 |
| hiv seroprevalence in newborns in new york state. | the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection was determined in women at the time of childbirth throughout new york state between november 30, 1987, and november 30, 1988. mandatory blood specimens (276,609) obtained from all newborns were examined for hiv. the overall hiv seroprevalence rate was 0.66% (1816 newborns), with 0.16% in upstate new york and 1.25% in new york city. rates for newborns whose mothers were aged 20 to 29 years (1.30%) and 30 to 39 years (1.35%) were signi ... | 1989 | 2918672 |
| aids in the workplace. | in a survey of 67 corporations done in 1987 and 1988, 66 were found to have had employees with human immunodeficiency virus infections. the numbers and backgrounds of the infected employees tend to reflect the experience of the surrounding community. these employees were accommodated in keeping with published public health and social guidelines, without significant event. responsible intervention should include defined medically and socially appropriate policy statements, effective education, an ... | 1989 | 2607381 |
| human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity in intravenous drug users in ohio. | a seroprevalence survey of 508 intravenous (iv) drug users enrolled in methadone treatment programs in ohio for evidence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) demonstrated a positivity prevalence of 1.4%. this seropositivity prevalence is low compared with 10% to 72% positive from surveys conducted in the iv drug-using populations of new york, new jersey, detroit and san francisco. although needle sharing was common (71% since 1983), the number of sharing partners was usually ... | 1989 | 2927870 |
| human immunodeficiency virus and viral hepatitis seroepidemiology in new york city intravenous drug abusers (ivdas). | | 1989 | 2641023 |