| seropositivity to chlamydia trachomatis in prostitutes: relationship to other sexually transmitted diseases (stds). | the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis and its relationship with other sexually transmitted diseases (stds) was investigated by serological determinations in a group of 45 women working as prostitutes in santos, state of são paulo. seropositivity to hiv-1 was demonstrated in 4 (9%) of the cases and to hiv-2 in one case. syphilis and hepatitis b were detected in 29% and 43% of the 45 women, respectively. specific antibodies to c. trachomatis were found in all subjects. the high seroprevalence of ... | 1990 | 2101095 |
| hiv-1, hiv-2, and htlv-i infection in high-risk groups in brazil. | we conducted a serologic survey for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2) and human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) in 704 brazilians with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or at risk for it. the study population included 70 homosexual men (11 of whom were prostitutes), 58 bisexual men (19 of whom were prostitutes), 101 female prostitutes from three socioeconomic groups, 13 wives of men with hemophilia who were seropositive for hiv-1 ant ... | 1989 | 2927478 |
| [serological evaluation for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and for hepatitis b (hbv) among candidates who have passed the admission tests at a hospital institution in são paulo]. | health professionals (hp) are frequently exposed to accidents with materials contaminated with blood and/or body fluids, thus representing a population at risk for the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv). purpose--to determine the prevalence of hiv and hbv infection among hp admitted to the university hospital, faculty of medicine, university of são paulo (uh-fmusp), and to identify the possible sources of contamination. methods--a total of 345 hp who se ... | 1995 | 8520597 |
| hiv infection and risk behaviors among male port workers in santos, brazil. | this paper measured the extent to which human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has spread among the male working-class population of santos, brazil. | 1996 | 8712280 |
| knowledge of and attitudes about blood-borne viruses and infection control in brazilian dental practice. | to determine whether there were any recent changes in hepatitis b immunisation of dental staff, infection control or understanding of viral infections in brazilian dentists. | 1996 | 8957936 |
| research of antigen and antibodies from retroviruses, cmv and hbv among prisoners of the penitentiary complex of the region of campinas, sp, brazil. | some viruses of the families retroviridae, such as human t lymphotropic virus (htlv); herpesviridae as the cytomegalovirus (cmv) and hepadnaviridae such as the hepatitis b virus (hbv) are liable to be co-transmitted with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). since prisoners are exposed to several and important risk factors involved in the transmission of hiv and the above mentioned viruses, male inmates from the penitentiary complex of campinas, sp, brazil, including hiv+ and hiv- ones, were e ... | 1998 | 9876432 |
| hiv infection and related risk behaviours in a disadvantaged youth institution of são paulo, brazil. | in order to study the prevalence of hiv and related risky behaviours among disadvantaged youth, we interviewed and bled, between december 1994 and april 1995, 1122 young males and 93 young females who were serving time in febem, a state institution that cares for homeless and offender youth of são paulo, brazil. our questionnaire covered the following areas: sexual practices and use of illicit drugs; knowledge of hiv and stds and their prevention; and myths and beliefs about aids. seroprevalence ... | 1999 | 10215114 |
| human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence among inmates of the penitentiary complex of the region of campinas, state of são paulo, brazil. | six hundred and ninety three male inmates from three penitentiaries, two (a and b) maximum-security systems and one (c) minimum-security facility, located in campinas, state of são paulo, brazil were studied for the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibodies, using a cross-sectional design. the search for anti-hiv antibodies in 693 samples of sera collected was carried out by two serological tests: (a) the microparticle enzyme immunoassay-hiv-1 and hiv-2 (meia) (abbott laboratorie ... | 1999 | 10446005 |
| relationship between human papillomavirus (hpv) genotyping and genital neoplasia in hiv-positive patients of santos city, são paulo, brazil. | among hiv-positive women, infection with multiple human papillomavirus (hpv) types is known to be more frequent and persistent, as well as a greater prevalence of high-grade genital lesions. this study aims to characterize, for the first time in brazil, hpv presence and types among hiv-positive women of a high-risk population for genital intraepithelial neoplasia (gin) development. a non-anonymous, voluntary, cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted, from june 1996 to april 1997, amo ... | 1999 | 10639061 |
| transmission of tuberculosis in an endemic urban setting in brazil. | two out-patient facilities in são paulo, brazil. | 2000 | 10654639 |
| high prevalence of hepatitis c infection in a brazilian prison: identification of risk factors for infection. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) causes infectious hepatitis worldwide. it is transmitted mainly by blood products and sharing of intravenous paraphernalia during illicit drug use. high prevalence rates have been described among specific groups considered to be at higher risk for hcv infection, including prison inmates. the objectives of this study were: to determine the hcv seroprevalence among inmates of casa de detenção de são paulo; to identify risk factors for hcv infection; and to compare the serop ... | 2001 | 11506773 |
| cut and puncture accidents involving health care workers exposed to biological materials. | the first report of occupational acquisition of hiv appeared in 1984, and, by june, 1997, the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) had reported 52 documented cases of sero-conversion following occupational exposure to hiv-1 by health care workers of those cases. 47 (90.3%) were exposed to blood. the most frequent type of accident reported was percutaneous needlestick injury. prospective studies have estimated that the risk of hiv transmission following percutaneous exposure to infect ... | 2001 | 11779449 |
| [hiv, hpv, and syphilis prevalence in a women's penitentiary in the city of são paulo, 1997-1998]. | incarcerated women as a group are particularly vulnerable to infections. the lack of public programs for prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment contribute to the increase in the incidence and prevalence of diseases in general and especially sexually transmitted diseases. this article aims to estimate the prevalence of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), human papillomavirus (hpv), and syphilis among inmates at the women's penitentiary in the state capital of são paulo, brazi ... | 2001 | 11784908 |
| tuberculosis and drug resistance among patients seen at an aids reference center in são paulo, brazil. | to assess the frequency of resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis to antituberculosis drugs and the factors associated with it among patients with tuberculosis (tb) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | 2001 | 11468105 |
| htlv-1 and htlv-2 infections in hiv-infected individuals from santos, brazil: seroprevalence and risk factors. | because htlv-i, htlv-2, and hiv share identical modes of transmission, simultaneous or subsequent infections with these retroviruses are to be expected. the population of santos, the largest port in latin america, includes large numbers of female commercial sex workers and intravenous drug users, presumably having been exposed to retroviral infection. to evaluate the seroprevalence of htlv infection and their associated risk factors, a cross-sectional survey was carried out in 499 hiv-infected i ... | 2001 | 11242188 |
| epidemiology and prevalence of onychomycosis in hiv-positive individuals. | patients who are human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive are predisposed to the development of infections including tinea pedis and onychomycosis. while smaller studies have been reported, there has been no large study evaluating the prevalence of onychomycosis in hiv-positive individuals, or comparing the development of onychomycosis in a typical temperate area with that in a typical tropical area. | 2000 | 11095193 |
| hepatitis e virus immunoglobulin g antibodies in different populations in campinas, brazil. | the seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) antibodies was investigated by enzyme immunoassay in 205 volunteer blood donors, 214 women who attended a center for anonymous testing for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, and 170 hospital employees in campinas, a city in southeastern brazil. the prevalence of anti-hev antibodies ranged from 2.6% (3 of 117) in health care professionals to 17.7% (38 of 214) in women who considered themselves at risk for hiv. the prevalence of anti-he ... | 2000 | 10973460 |
| human cyclosporiasis diagnosis: report of a case in são paulo, sp, brazil. | diagnosis of the human cyclosporiasis is reported in são paulo, sp, brasil. cyclospora cayetanensis has been identified in the feces of a patient by a modified kinyoun staining method, with later sporulation in a solution of 2.5% potassium dichromate. the probability that this parasite is the eventual cause of gastrointestinal disturbances in the country was stimulated by this finding, which was arrived at by a simple technique. it had been kept in mind that the disease was expressing itself mai ... | 1998 | 10436661 |
| influence of hiv positive status on sexual behavior among males. | to compare hiv seronegative (hiv-) and hiv seropositive (hiv+) males in terms of sexual behavior with female and male partners of different types. | 1998 | 10349141 |
| no evidence of vertical transmission of htlv-i and htlv-ii in children at high risk for hiv-1 infection from são paulo, brazil. | one hundred and seven plasma specimens obtained from children born to hiv-1 infected mothers were tested for the presence of antibody to human t-cell lymphotropic virus types i and ii (htlv-i and -ii) to determine perinatal transmission of these agents. none of the children in this study were breastfed. fifty-five specimens were from hiv-1 infected children, 28 from hiv-1 non-infected children, and in 24 cases the hiv-1 status could not be defined. in these series, when elisa screening tests wer ... | 1999 | 10191592 |
| [risk of hiv infection: how women living in a slum perceive themselves in the chain of the virus transmission]. | the number of notified cases of women with aids is increasing in brazil. based on this, the authors developed this qualitative study theoretically based on cultural anthropology. the ethnographic methodology was used to collect and to analyze data. the investigation had the purpose to identify the perception about the risk for hiv infection of the women living in a slum located in the city of são paulo, brazil, through interviews and participant observation of the context. results showed that th ... | 2003 | 12733239 |
| [the discarding of blood units and the prevalence of infectious diseases in donors at the pro-blood foundation/blood center of são paulo, são paulo, brazil]. | to analyze the changes in the proportion of blood units discarded from 1991 through 2001 at the pro-blood foundation/blood center of são paulo (fundação pró-sangue/hemocentro de são paulo), which is the largest blood bank in latin america, and to determine the prevalence of infectious diseases among donors at the blood center in november 2001. | 2003 | 12744786 |
| prevalence of htlv-i and htlv-ii infections among hiv-1-infected asymptomatic individuals in são paulo, brazil. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1)-infected subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) are often infected with multiple pathogens. in particular, htlv-i and htlv-ii infections have been found more frequently in aids patients than in asymptomatic individuals in europe and japan. we carried out a serosurvey among asymptomatic hiv-1-infected subjects in são paulo, brazil and compared our results with those of other investigators. in this study, we found htlv infection in 1.5% of 266 ... | 1997 | 9640784 |
| sensitivity of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests in relation to western blot in detecting human t-cell lymphotropic virus types i and ii infection among hiv-1 infected patients from são paulo, brazil. | we investigated the presence of human t-cell lymphotropic virus types i and ii (htlv-i and htlv-ii) infections, first searching for specific antibodies in 553 serum samples obtained from hiv-1-infected patients from são paulo, brazil. sera were screened using two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas): the elisa-em (elisa htlv-i/ii, embrabio, br), which contains htlv-i and htlv-ii lysates, and the elisa-db [elisa htlv-i/ii, diagnostic biotechnology (db), singapore], which contains htlv-i ly ... | 1998 | 9572023 |
| anogenital warts contributing to the risk of squamous intraepithelial lesions among hiv-positive women of são paulo, brazil. | unsafe sexual practices may expose hiv-positive women to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (sil) and to infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (hpv) types. a cross sectional study of 141 hiv-positive women was designed to evaluate risk factors for the development of cervico-vaginal sil and hpv-dna detection/typing. uni- and multivariate forward stepwise analysis was used to determine the relationship between risk variables and hpv infection and between risk behaviour, hpv and hi ... | 2003 | 12803937 |
| laboratory characterization of human t cell lymphotropic virus types 1 (htlv-1) and 2 (htlv-2) infections in blood donors from sao paulo, brazil. | serologic screening for human t cell lymphotropic virus types 1/2 (htlv-1/2) infection in blood donors has been recently introduced in brazil. analysis of 351,639 blood donations in sao paulo from january 1992 to october 1993 identified 1,063 positive (0.30%) and 2,238 indeterminate (0.63%) samples based on serologic confirmation using a 21e western blot. a detailed analysis (serologic, molecular, and virologic), based on a laboratory diagnostic algorithm for characterization of htlv-1 and htlv- ... | 1997 | 9288805 |
| tuberculosis and hiv infection among female inmates in são paulo, brazil: a prospective cohort study. | prison populations are at increased risk of both human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and mycobacterium tuberculosis infections, but among female inmates information on such risks remains scarce, especially in developing countries. between october 1992 and november 1993, 350 women incarcerated at a prison in são paulo, brazil, were prospectively evaluated for hiv and m. tuberculosis infection and disease. among them, 87 (25%) were hiv seropositive, and 20 (5.7%) had tuberculosis (tb). during the i ... | 1996 | 8862283 |
| the evolution of the aids illness and the polarisation of values. | this article is based on a study carried out in sao paolo, brazil, from 1983 to 1986 among male homosexuals. it deals with the various practices and life-styles which constitute the homosexual world in sao paulo, and questions regarding aids. an analysis is made of the contrasting biographies of two patients suffering from the aids virus. the emphasis will be placed on the evolution of the illness and the changes in values that occur during this period. the ways in which the sexual life-style ad ... | 1993 | 8301091 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 brazilian subtype b variant showed an increasing avidity of the anti-v3 antibodies over time compared to the subtype b us/european strain in são paulo, brazil. | the brazilian variant of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) subtype b, (serotype b"-gwgr), has a tryptophan replacing the proline in position 328 the hiv-1 envelope. a longer median time period from infection to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) for serotype b (b"-gwgr) infected subjects compared to the b-gpgr us/european strain was reported. in a cohort study, in são paulo city, 10 b"-gwgr patients had a statistically significant increased avidity of the anti-v3 antibodies, fro ... | 2004 | 15057350 |
| hepatitis c virus coinfection in a cohort of hiv-infected individuals from santos, brazil: seroprevalence and associated factors. | although hiv/hepatitis c virus (hcv) coinfection has been recognized worldwide in individuals exposed to blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases (std), limited data are available on the epidemiology of this coinfection in brazil. a cross-sectional study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of hcv seropositivity in a cohort of people living with hiv/aids in santos, brazil, and to investigate potential risk factors for hcv infection. anti-hcv antibodies were sought by using two immunoe ... | 2004 | 15104874 |
| selectivity of human t lymphotropic virus type-1 (htlv-1) and htlv-2 infection among different populations in brazil. | a seroprevalence study for human t lymphotropic virus type-1 (htlv-1) and htlv-2 was conducted in sao paulo, brazil among 2,312 individuals that included following groups: 1,148 volunteer blood donors, 37 patients with tropical spastic paraparesis (tsp), 53 with lymphoproliferative disorders, 171 with a history of multiple blood transfusions, 268 human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) seropositive subjects, and 635 amazonian indians. antibodies to htlv-1/2 were screened by enzyme-linked imm ... | 1993 | 8279633 |
| acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) in brazil. necropsy findings. | according to the 15 autopsies performed at the department of pathological anatomy, escola paulista de medicina, são paulo, brazil, it was confirmed that acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) occurs preferably in young homosexual males, who die in a short period of time of the disease, which leads to a consumptive state verified by cachexia of the cadavers. the most affected organs of this series were the lungs and encephalum, exactly the ones responsible for the immediate cause of death. in ... | 1987 | 3620018 |
| [aids and hiv infection among homosexual and bisexual men in belém, pará, brazil, 1988-1990]. | during three years (1988-1990) blood samples from 307 people were taken to test antibodies for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) in homo and bisexual males living in belém, being 149 (48.5%) of the former and 158 (51.5%) of the later. all patients requested examinations spontaneously to find out their status. the ages of tested people ranged from 16 to 64 years old. serologic diagnosis was made using an enzyme immunoassay (abbott, são paulo-brasil) for screening and an indirect immunof ... | 1992 | 1345119 |
| [survival curves of aids patients in santos, brazil]. | the probabilities of survival of patients carrying the aids virus are presented in the city of santos, brazil, where it is estimated that 1056 cases were reported in 1988, 1989, and 1990. records of epidemiological investigations delivered by outpatient services or obtained by means of active search realized routinely in city hospitals were analyzed. information on deaths were derived from the offices of the civil registry of santos, sao vincente, and guaruja, and from the notifications receive ... | 1992 | 1342515 |
| mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis c virus (hcv) in brazil. | sixty-one women with anti-hcv antibodies, detected by a third-generation enzyme immunoassay (eia3), were prospectively recruited for investigation of vertical hcv transmission during child-birth, at the university hospital of the catholic university of campinas, brazil, between january 1994 and july 1998. six of the women presented coinfection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). all of the 72 children born in this period were followed at least until they were 18 months of age. ... | 2004 | 15357565 |
| [child prostitution: family disintegration, necessary planning, the laziness of the elite]. | child and juvenile prostitution in brazil has reached such proportions that a parliamentary commission launched an inquiry. the brazilian center of children and adolescents (cbia) estimated that there are about 500,000 such prostitutes in the country, a record in latin america. this type of prostitution flourishes in poor urban areas and in the north and central-east. not only girls become prostitutes; in rio de janeiro, 4000 boys cater to tourists from the industrialized world. 79% of these you ... | 1993 | 12288821 |
| [hiv and hepatitis b virus co-infection: prevalence and risk factors]. | the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of hepatitis b virus and possible risk factors for this disease in 401 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, followed at the university hospital of the ribeirão preto medical school, são paulo state university. each participant was submitted to a specific questionnaire and had a blood sample tested for the serologic markers hbsag, total anti-hbcag, anti-hbsag and anti-hcv, using elisa technique. the overall prevalence of ... | 2004 | 15361955 |
| a moral dilemma. | during the end of the 1980s, all aids prevention campaigns in brazil mentioning condoms were automatically vetoed by the catholic church. the church's influence upon the government, however, has decreased over the years such that government pamphlets now carry specific, graphic instructions on how to use condoms. this realistic approach to prevention taken by the government has been implemented even though the church still refuses to endorse condom use and avoids mentioning them in the context ... | 1994 | 12287968 |
| [aids and reproduction -- some aspects]. | at present probably about 1/2 million people have aids in the world. about 10 million may be infected with hiv without showing symptoms. by 2000 at least 5 million new cases of aids are expected. in latin america aids was first concentrated among urban male homosexuals. lately aids has increased rapidly among heterosexuals especially among bisexuals. in sao paulo and rio de janeiro 28% of bisexuals were infected with hiv in 1987. in rio about 1/2 of male or female prostitutes were infected ... | 1990 | 12285181 |
| sacred messages for aids prevention. principles into practice. | in brazil, alternative religious approaches are being used to spread the message of aids prevention. the concepts and practices of traditional afro--brazilian religion are being used in a newly released booklet for religious leaders of candomble, a traditional spirit cult that traces its origins to the yoruba of western africa. there is a fusion of this spirit cult with catholicism. the practice of all night dancing ceremonies where initiates appeal to orixas for guidance is coupled with priv ... | 1991 | 12284523 |
| [updating data and stimulating participation]. | the analysis of the brazilian epidemiological situation as of august 1, 1987 showed an annual increase of primary cases of aids of 3.5% since 1986 (2.3% to 4.8%). 82.2% of cumulative reported cases occurred in the southeast region, 62.3% of them in sao paulo. two federal districts, amapa and acre, reported no incidence of aids. in decreasing order, the populations of sao paulo, rio de janeiro, the federal district, and rio grande do sul face a major risk of acquiring infection by hiv. the 25 ... | 1987 | 12282422 |
| brazil steps up aids campaign. | faced with the 3rd most aids cases worldwide, the brazilian government is only now waking up to a possible epidemic of the disease and faces 2 enormous hurdles: decontaminating blood supplies and informing the public. the government still has a long way to go before it can eliminate blood transfusions as a means of contamination. only about 50% of donated blood is being tested. the principle problem is funding to enforce the government's regulations and buy imported diagnosis tests. the gov ... | 1988 | 12269109 |
| identification of human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) subtypes using restricted fragment length polymorphism in a cohort of asymptomatic carriers and patients with htlv-i-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis from são paulo, brazil. | although human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) exhibits high genetic stability, as compared to other rna viruses and particularly to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), genotypic subtypes of this human retrovirus have been characterized in isolates from diverse geographical areas. these are currently believed not to be associated with different pathogenetic outcomes of infection. the present study aimed at characterizing genotypic subtypes of viral isolates from 70 htlv-i-infected individua ... | 2002 | 12048560 |
| lack of prior antiretroviral therapy is associated with increased mortality among hospitalized patients with aids in são paulo, brazil,. | the death rate in adults with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) at the institute of infectious diseases "emilio ribas" in são paulo city has decreased significantly from 29% in 1995 to 19.8% in 1999, and hospitalization time has been reduced by 4 days in the period from 1998 to 1999. lack of antiretroviral treatment (art) before hospitalization was associated with death during hospitalization (odds ratio [or] = 3.8), and survival was associated with previous use of three or more antiret ... | 2001 | 11530768 |
| late diagnosis of hiv infection in women seeking counseling and testing services in são paulo, brazil. | we investigated whether women positive for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection were late in seeking an anonymous hiv counseling and testing service, and the factors associated with a low cd4 count, in são paulo, brazil. seventy-one consecutive hiv-1-seropositive women were interviewed by means of a structured questionnaire. blood samples were collected for cd4+ t-lymphocytes count and determination of hiv-1 subtypes. hepatitis c, syphilis, human t-cell lymphotrophic virus type i (htlv-i ... | 2001 | 11483166 |
| messages for teens in brazil. | brazil launched sex education and contraception programs for teens through various methods, including peer counseling and group training, as early as the 1970s. while these programs achieved a great deal, brazil in recent years has nonetheless witnessed an increase in unwanted teen pregnancy and illegal induced abortion. an estimated 4 million illegal induced abortions are conducted annually in brazil, more than the country's 3.6 million annual births. an estimated one million induced abortio ... | 1995 | 12289011 |
| controversy erupts in brazil over penis nicknames. | commissioned by the brazilian health ministry to conduct a publicity campaign designed to encourage the use of condoms, the master communication and marketing company conducted a survey in which it collected dozens of nicknames for the penis. the television component of the campaign involves an actor who holds a heart-to-heart conversation with his penis, recommending that it use condoms and showing it, with a candle, how to do so. "braulio" was chosen as the name for the penis. braulio, howe ... | 1995 | 12290607 |
| pvo / ngo initiatives, latin america. grupo pela vidda, brazil. | "vidda" is a portuguese acronym representing enhancement, integration, and dignity of people living with hiv/aids (pwas). the groups are composed of people infected with hiv, their friends, relatives, lovers, and anyone who feels that his or her everyday life has been affected by the epidemic. they hope that through solidarity they can respond to the difficult situation facing people who are hiv positive in brazil. grupo pela vidda seeks to raise the consciousness of the government and the so ... | 1996 | 12290914 |
| brazilian project gears for self-reliance. | this news brief focuses on the integrated project (ip) in the slums of sao paulo, brazil. on october 1, 1995, the centro materno-infantil/planejamento familiar (cmi/pf) will take full control of operations. the ip is a reproductive health program that emphasizes adolescent health education and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, including aids. the program shares its experiences with another clinic in asuncion, paraguay. the sao paulo ip has been community-based since its inception ... | 1995 | 12346889 |
| female condom study explores role of peer support in sustaining use. women's forum. | the aids control and prevention (aidscap) project's women's initiative, together with the us agency for international development, supported a study of the use of female condoms. 96 women in 10 focus groups in nairobi and sao paulo participated in a discussion group about their experiences with the female condom designed to determine how the female condom affects women's ability to negotiate safer sex and to identify reasons for continued use and nonuse of the device. the study design allowed ... | 1996 | 12347595 |
| drug resistance and genotypes of strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from human immunodeficiency virus-infected and non-infected tuberculosis patients in bauru, são paulo, brazil. | little is known about transmission and drug resistance of tuberculosis (tb) in bauru, state of s o paulo. the objective of this study was to evaluate risk factors for transmission of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in this area. strains were collected from patients attended at ambulatory services in the region and susceptibility towards the main first line antibiotics was determined and fingerprinting performed. a total of 57 strains were submitted to susceptibility testing: 23 (42.6%) were r ... | 2003 | 12563482 |
| evaluation of the concomitant use of two different eia tests for hiv screening in blood banks. | in 1998, the brazilian ministry of health made it mandatory for all blood banks in the country to screen donated blood for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) concomitantly using two different enzyme immunoassay (eia) tests. concerned with the best use of available resources, our objective with this study was to evaluate the usefulness of conducting two eia screening tests instead of just one. | 2003 | 12744793 |
| liver abscess due to salmonella enteritidis in a returned traveler with hiv infection: case report and review of the literature. | bacteremia due to non-typhi salmonella is more frequent in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). however, focal complications have been rarely described. we report a case of liver abscess due to salmonella enteritidis in an hiv-infected patient who recently returned to sao paulo, brazil, from a trip in the caribbean. a good clinical and radiological response was seen with both percutaneous catheter drainage and antibiotic treatment. to our knowledge, this is the first cu ... | 2003 | 12754581 |
| bacterial, yeast, parasitic, and viral enteropathogens in hiv-infected children from são paulo state, southeastern brazil. | we present here the frequency of enteropathogens in an hiv-infected children group and investigate their correlation with clinical and sociodemographic characteristics by collecting 100 stool samples from 55 hiv-seropositive brazilian children. all specimens were processed according to standard methods for bacterial and yeast detection. a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect protozoan, and to perform virus detection, molecular tests were applied. consumptio ... | 2007 | 17178297 |
| searching for antibodies to hhv-8 in children born to hiv-1 infected mothers from são paulo, brazil: relationship to maternal infection. | with the spread of aids, many hiv-1 infected women and children have been diagnosed with kaposi's sarcoma (ks), mostly in africa. since the discovery of the causative agent of ks (human herpesvirus 8, hhv-8) several seroepidemiological studies have been conducted to identify groups at risk of ks. the present study was conducted in order to add some information from são paulo, brazil. we searched for hhv-8 antibodies in plasma samples obtained from a cohort of 108 children born to hiv-1 infected ... | 2003 | 12929889 |
| risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infection among blood donors in sao paulo, brazil, and their relevance to current donor deferral criteria. | the objective of this study was to investigate risk factors of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seropositive blood donors in brazil and to determine if current donor deferral criteria are appropriate. | 2007 | 17381618 |
| [hiv infection, hepatitis b and c and syphilis in homeless people, in the city of são paulo, brazil]. | to estimate the prevalence of hiv infections, as well as hepatitis b and c and syphilis viruses in homeless people. | 2007 | 18094786 |
| human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) antibodies in women from são paulo, brazil. association with behavioral factors and kaposi's sarcoma. | with the spread of aids, many hiv-infected women have been diagnosed with kaposi's sarcoma (ks), especially in africa. since the discovery of a novel herpesvirus as the causative agent of ks (human herpesvirus 8 - hhv-8) several seroepidemiological studies have been conducted to identify groups at risk for ks. the risk for women in brazil has not been studied. | 2003 | 14636479 |
| prevalence of antibodies to human herpesvirus-8 in populations with and without risk for infection in são paulo state. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) is a newly described herpesvirus that is etiologically associated with all forms of kaposi's sarcoma (ks). seroepidemiological studies have shown high prevalence rates of hhv-8 antibodies among men who have sex with men (msm) and aids patients, african children, brazilian amerindians, and elderly individuals in certain regions of europe. the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of hhv-8 antibodies in healthy children and young adults from different ... | 2004 | 14689053 |
| the vulnerability of brazilian female prisoners to hiv infection. | the purpose of the present study was to determine the vulnerability of women in prison to hiv infection. the study was carried out from august to october 2000 in a são paulo state penitentiary, where 299 female prisoners were serving time. we interviewed and obtained a blood sample from 290 females who agreed to enter the study. sera were tested for the presence of antibodies to hiv, hepatitis c virus (hcv) and syphilis and the odds ratio (or) was calculated for variables related to hiv positivi ... | 2004 | 15107941 |
| rubella immunization in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children: cause for concern in vaccination strategies. | hiv infection can have important although sometimes unexpected consequences, such as contributing to enlargement of the pool of rubella-susceptible children. | 2004 | 15247596 |
| [ophthalmological findings in hiv infected patients in the post-haart (highly active anti-retroviral therapy) era, compared to the pre-haart era]. | to determine the frequency of the ophthalmological findings in human immunodeficience virus (hiv) infected patients in the post-haart (highly active anti-retroviral therapy) era and to compare it to data from the federal university of são paulo in the pre-haart era10,11. | 2004 | 15286861 |
| hiv attitudes and practices among professors in a brazilian dental school. | although there is considerable published research on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), individual biases persist because of lack of information regarding hiv virus transmission. as a result, both infected patients and health care professionals suffer. the objective of this study was to determine if there is prejudice among university professors at the school of dentistry at aracatuba's sao paulo state university (foa-unesp) concerning hiv-positive patients or hiv-positive health care pr ... | 2004 | 15576817 |
| trichophyton rubrum isolated from aids and human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in são paulo, brazil: antifungal susceptibility and extracellular enzyme production. | in order to identify intraspecific variations in trichophyton rubrum and to correlate them to the immunological status of the host, sixty strains isolated from aids, hiv-positive and hiv-negative patients were compared for the production of extracellular enzymes and for their susceptibility to several antifungal drugs. | 2005 | 15722629 |
| analysis of full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genome reveals a variable spectrum of subtypes b and f recombinants in são paulo, brazil. | recombination is one of the major mechanisms contributing to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) variability. analysis of pol gene sequences of 215 hiv-1 samples from são paulo, brazil classified 189 sequences as subtype b (87.9%), 8 sequences as subtype f (3.7%), and 18 sequences (8.4%) as b/f recombinants. after the analysis of the pol gene, a subset of six recombinant samples composed of sequences with a related recombinant pol structure was selected for full-length genome analysis to ... | 2005 | 15725753 |
| rate and incidence estimates of recent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infections among pregnant women in sao paulo, brazil, from 1991 to 2002. | the serological testing algorithm for recent human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroconversion (starhs) was employed to estimate hiv incidence among pregnant women from sao paulo, brazil. a cross-sectional study (1999 to 2002) showed an incidence of infection of 0.2 per 100 pregnant women per year (95% confidence interval, 0.041 to 0.608). western blot profiles suggested an association between results of the starhs analysis and gp41/gp31 bands. | 2005 | 15750127 |
| impact of pi and nnrti haart-based therapy on oral lesions of brazilian hiv-infected patients. | the incidence of oral lesions related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection have been investigated after treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) including protease inhibitors (pi) but no data are available on the effect of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nnrti)-based therapy on incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) oral manifestations or impact of haart on oral manifestations of hiv infection in brazil. the aim of this study was to d ... | 2009 | 19453845 |
| high human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) prevalence, clinical correlates and high incidence among recently hiv-1-infected subjects in sao paulo, brazil. | background: human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) is the etiological agent for kaposi sarcoma, which occurs especially in hiv-infected subjects. hhv-8 infection and its clinical correlates have not been well characterized in recently hiv-1-infected subjects, especially men who have sex with men (msm). methodology/ principal findings: we assessed the hhv-8 seroprevalence, clinical correlates, and incidence after one year of follow-up in a cohort of 228 recently hiv-1-infected individuals, of whom 83.6% wer ... | 2009 | 19479040 |
| [mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-i): evaluation of control measures in the city of santos]. | to estimate the risk of mother-to-child transmission (mtct) of hiv-1 and evaluate the effect of preventive methods on vertical transmission of hiv, such as: use of azt by pregnant women during the prenatal period, labor and delivery; use of azt in newborns; replacement of breastfeeding by formula; and indication of cesarean section. | 2005 | 15776187 |
| is human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome decreasing among brazilian injection drug users? recent findings and how to interpret them. | we briefly review findings from brazilian settings where the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) epidemic among injection drug users (idus) seems to be decreasing, highlighting recent findings from rio de janeiro and discussing methodological alternatives. former analyses using serologic testing algorithm for recent hiv seroconversion have shown that hiv incidence has been low in idus recruited by two different surveys carried out in rio, where low injectio ... | 2005 | 15867971 |
| [prevalence, risk factors and genetic characterization of human t-cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the cities of ribeirão preto and são paulo]. | the aim of this study was to define the prevalence of human t cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 in patients who were positive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the state of são paulo, brazil. we evaluated 319 individuals infected with hiv type 1 who were attended at specialized clinics in two cities (ribeirão preto and são paulo). the patients were interviewed and tested for antibodies against htlv types 1 and 2 (orthoâ htlv-1/htlv-2 ab-capture enzyme immunoassay). direct dna sequen ... | 2009 | 19684973 |
| antiretroviral resistance mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected patients enrolled in genotype testing at the central public health laboratory, são paulo, brazil: preliminary results. | antiretroviral resistance mutations (arm) are one of the major obstacles for pharmacological human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) suppression. plasma hiv-1 rna from 306 patients on antiretroviral therapy with virological failure was analyzed, most of them (60%) exposed to three or more regimens, and 28% of them have started therapy before 1997. the most common regimens in use at the time of genotype testing were azt/3tc/nelfinavir, 3tc/d4t/nelfinavir and azt/3tc/efavirenz. the majority of arm occu ... | 2005 | 15867972 |
| [the prevalence of hepatitis a antibodies in hiv exposed and/or infected children and adolescents]. | to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis a virus antibodies in hiv-exposed and/or hiv-infected children and adolescents. | 2005 | 15951904 |
| rotavirus genotype g4p[8] and enteric adenovirus in hiv-positive patients with and without diarrhoea in são paulo state, brazil. | the present study was carried out in order to identify rotavirus and enteric adenovirus in hiv-positive patients with and without diarrhoea, collected in a pre- and early highly active antiretroviral therapy era. rotavirus was detected in 2.5% (3/118) and adenovirus in 14.4% (17/118) of the samples from patients without diarrhoea. in the patients with diarrhoea, rotavirus was identified in 1.5% (2/133) and adenovirus in 7.5% (10/133). these findings suggest no increased frequency of virus excret ... | 2010 | 19729177 |
| prevalence of human papillomaviruses in urine samples of male patients infected with hiv-1 in sao paulo, brazil. | human papillomavirus is a dna virus that includes 118 genotypes. hpv16 is responsible for 80% of cervical cancer in women. men are important reservoirs and major transmitters of hpv to their partners. the aim of this study was to detect hpv dna and to determine the prevalence of hpv types 6, 11, 16, and 18 in urine samples of men infected with hiv-1. this study included 223 patients infected with hiv-1 from the center of reference on hiv/aids (crt-sp) and an outpatient clinic of hiv. urine sampl ... | 2009 | 19856467 |
| antiretroviral drug resistance among patients with human immunodeficiency virus who act as sources or potential sources in occupational accidents involving healthcare workers. | to determine human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 genotypic antiretroviral drug resistance profiles of patients presenting a risk or potential risk for occupational exposure of healthcare workers. | 2005 | 16209385 |
| seroprevalence of hbv, hcv and hiv co-infection in selected individuals from state of são paulo, brazil. | few studies are available on hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) co-infection in populations living in small and medium-sized brazilian cities. we evaluated the seroprevalence of these viruses in selected individuals from a clinic of infectology, who were referred to the university regional hospital of the west region of state of são paulo, brazil. among a total of 7,021 individuals seen in the clinic following receipt of preliminary elisa resu ... | 2009 | 20027460 |
| prevalence, incidence, and residual risk of human immunodeficiency virus among community and replacement first-time blood donors in são paulo, brazil. | concerted efforts have been directed toward recruitment of community rather than replacement donors in brazil. time trends and demographic correlates of human immunodeficiency (hiv) prevalence and incidence among first-time (ft) donors in brazil were examined by donation type. hiv residual risk from ft-donor transfusions, and projected yield of p24 antigen and nucleic acid test (nat) screening were estimated. | 2005 | 16271094 |
| impact of epstein-barr virus in the clinical evolution of patients with classical hodgkin's lymphoma in brazil. | classical hodgkin's lymphoma (chl) has been frequently associated with epstein-barr virus (ebv), which can be found in a latent pattern in reed-sternberg (rs) cells. however, the impact of the presence of ebv in rs cells and its prognosis are still controversial. we analysed the presence of ebv in rs cells and its influence in the clinical evolution of patients with chl treated in two public hospitals in the city of são paulo, brazil. | 2010 | 20128016 |
| duplication of peri-kappab and nf-kappab sites of the first human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) transmission in brazil. | after the identification of hiv-2 in 1986, most of the cases reported have been concentrated in west africa. we identified a case of hiv-2 infection in são paulo, brazil of a 45-year-old female who presented with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, with a cd4 count of 22 cells/ml. dna samples from this patient were subjected to end-point pcr amplification of the ltr region. clones were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analyses. all clones were subtype a related, and four presented an insertio ... | 2005 | 16386115 |
| oral lesions in brazilian hiv-infected children undergoing haart. | the advent of new antiretroviral drugs such as protease inhibitors (pi) has generated sensible changes in oral manifestation patterns in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected adult patients. | 2006 | 16406081 |
| performance of parallel screening of brazilian blood donors with two human immunodeficiency virus immunoassays: implications for sequential immunoassay testing algorithms in other countries. | in brazil it is mandatory to screen donors for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibodies using two immunoassays (ias) in parallel. confirmatory testing is performed only on reactive donors who return for counseling. the goal of this analysis was to determine if concordant ia reactivity accurately predicts infection and can be used for hiv incidence and/or prevalence analyses. | 2011 | 20633245 |
| prevalence of indeterminate human immunodeficiency virus western blot results in pregnant women attended at a public hospital in presidente prudente, brazil. | the aids epidemic is spreading rapidly among women worldwide, offering increasing opportunities for vertical transmission of hiv. in brazil, the prevalence of hiv infection among pregnant women is less than 1%. therefore, the positive predictive value of an hiv eia test tends to be lower than the more frequent indeterminate western blot result. pregnant women receiving antenatal care, from 2000 to 2004, at a public secondary hospital in the city of presidente prudente, são paulo, brazil, were sy ... | 2006 | 16410946 |
| hepatitis b genotype g and high frequency of lamivudine-resistance mutations among human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis b virus co-infected patients in brazil. | in this study, we evaluated the hepatitis b virus (hbv) genotype distribution and hbv genomic mutations among a group of human immunodeficiency virus-hbv co-infected patients from an aids outpatient clinic in são paulo. hbv serological markers were detected by commercially available enzyme immunoassay kits. hbv dna was detected using in-house nested polymerase chain reaction and quantified by cobas amplicor. hbv genotypes and mutations in the basal core promoter (bcp)/pre-core/core regions and s ... | 2010 | 20944991 |
| analysis of the near full length genomes of hiv-1 subtypes b, f and bf recombinant from a cohort of 14 patients in são paulo, brazil. | the human immune deficiency virus (hiv) exhibits strikingly tremendous amount of genetic variability. such feature is critically important for the virus to adapt to environmental changes by escaping the host immune system and by escaping candidate vaccine. therefore, understanding of such diversity is fundamental for the design of successful drugs or vaccine, which is urgently needed to bring the hiv/aids epidemic under control. in this study, we investigated the magnitude of diversity of the hi ... | 2006 | 16522378 |
| non-hodgkin's lymphoma among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: the experience of a single center in brazil. | the relative risk of non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl) among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is elevated compared with the general population. we describe a retrospective study of 78 hiv-infected patients with nhl treated between 1999 and 2006 at the infectology institute, a reference center for hiv treatment in são paulo, brazil. all patients were treated with standard chop therapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone). an evaluation of treatment resp ... | 2006 | 17118760 |
| clinical and epidemiological aspects of htlv-ii infection in são paulo, brazil: presence of tropical spastic paraparesis/htlv-associated myelopathy (tsp/ham) simile diagnosis in hiv-1-co-infected subjects. | in this study, the epidemiological and clinical features observed in solely htlv-ii-infected individuals were compared to those in patients co-infected with hiv-1. a total of 380 subjects attended at the htlv out-patient clinic in the institute of infectious diseases "emilio ribas" (iier), são paulo, brazil, were evaluated every 3-6 months for the last seven years by infectious disease specialists and neurologists. using a testing algorithm that employs the enzyme immuno assay, western blot and ... | 2006 | 17119676 |
| neuroinfection survey at a neurological ward in a brazilian tertiary teaching hospital. | this study was undertaken to characterize the neuroinfection profile in a tertiary neurological ward. | 2011 | 21808869 |
| number of recent sexual partners among blood donors in brazil: associations with donor demographics, donation characteristics, and infectious disease markers. | background: brazilian blood centers ask candidate blood donors about the number of sexual partners in the past 12 months. candidates who report a number over the limit are deferred. we studied the implications of this practice on blood safety. study design and methods: we analyzed demographic characteristics, number of heterosexual partners, and disease marker rates among 689,868 donations from three brazilian centers between july 2007 and december 2009. donors were grouped based on maximum numb ... | 2011 | 21756264 |
| otitis media in brazilian human immunodeficiency virus infected children undergoing antiretroviral therapy. | to assess changes in the prevalence of otitis media, associated with the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy, in brazilian human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected children. | 2007 | 17319998 |
| vaccination in brazilian hiv-infected adults: a cross-sectional study. | hiv-infected patients are at risk for vaccine-preventable infections. the brazilian national immunization program provided recommendations for this population. however, the vaccine coverage reached by this program is unknown. this study aimed at evaluating the vaccine coverage of hiv-infected adults followed at hospital das clínicas, university of são paulo school of medicine. data were collected on age, gender, mode of hiv transmission, centers for disease classification 1993 classification (cd ... | 2008 | 18095834 |
| performances of htlv serological tests in diagnosing htlv infection in high-risk population of são paulo, brazil. | testing problems in diagnosing human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv) infection, mostly htlv-ii, have been documented in hiv/aids patients. since december 1998, the immunology department of instituto adolfo lutz (ial) offers htlv-i/ii serology to public health units that attend htlv high-risk individuals. two thousand, three hundred and twelve serum samples: 1,393 from aids reference centers (group i), and 919 from htlv out-patient clinics (group ii) were sent to ial for htlv-i/ii antibodies detectio ... | 2007 | 18157402 |
| hiv type 1 pol gene diversity and antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in santos, brazil. | hiv-1 antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in subtype b, f, and recombinants b/f in santos, brazil were characterized. we studied 83 samples from individuals enrolled at the brazilian hiv/aids programs from santos. these patients have been treated with multiantiretroviral therapy. samples were collected in 2006; rna was extracted from plasma and used as a target to amplify the pol gene of hiv-1. pcr products were sequenced on both strands, phylogenetic analyses were performed by neighbor-joi ... | 2008 | 18327988 |
| low dna htlv-2 proviral load among women in são paulo city. | htlv-2 infections are almost always asymptomatic, and diseases associated with the infection are rarely reported. little information is available on the relationship between htlv-2 proviral load and gender or expression of disease, especially among patients with hiv-1 co-infection. | 2008 | 18343520 |
| oral candida flora from brazilian human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. | one of the main opportunistic fungal infections amongst immunocompromised individuals is oral candidosis, which has been found in up to 90% of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. this study employed yeasts isolated from the saliva and oral cavities of 114 hiv-infected patients living in campinas, são paulo. of the isolates, 57.8% were identified as candida albicans and 42.1% as non-c. albicans. the latter isolates were subsequently identified as c. krusei (7.5%), c. lusitaniae ... | 2004 | 15322634 |
| epidemiology of kaposi's sarcoma in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in são paulo, brazil. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is the most frequent neoplasm in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). although many studies on ks epidemiology have been performed in other countries, few have been carried out in brazil despite the high incidence of aids. | 2004 | 15357742 |
| short communication: molecular characterization of hiv type 1 bf pol recombinants from são paulo, brazil. | in the brazilian hiv-1 epidemic, subtypes b, c, and f1 are cocirculating in the population. sequences of the partial pol gene from 463 hiv-1-infected patients were obtained from plasma samples and viral subtype was characterized. bf recombinants were found in 8% of the samples. fifteen different patterns were observed. a crf28_bf and crf29_bf structure was found in 29.7% of the samples, crf12_bf in 13.5%, and crf39_bf in 2.7%. two other patterns were identified in each of three samples. these fi ... | 2008 | 19025398 |
| profile of blood donors with serologic tests reactive for the presence of syphilis in são paulo, brazil. | syphilis screening of blood donors is a common practice worldwide, but very little is known about the meaning of a positive serologic test for syphilis in blood donors and the risk profile of these donors. the aim of this study was to determine the demographic characteristics and risk behaviors of blood donors with recent and past syphilis and their implications for blood bank testing and deferral strategies. | 2009 | 19040599 |
| benefit of antiretroviral therapy on survival of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients admitted to an intensive care unit. | to evaluate the impact of antiretroviral therapy (art) and the prognostic factors for in-intensive care unit (icu) and 6-month mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. | 2009 | 19325488 |
| near full-length genome analysis of low prevalent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subclade f1 in são paulo, brazil. | the genetic diversity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) is critical to lay the groundwork for the design of successful drugs or vaccine. in this study we aimed to characterize and define the molecular prevalence of hiv-1 subclade f1 currently circulating in são paulo, brazil. | 2009 | 19531216 |