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serological survey of prospect hill virus infection in indigenous wild rodents in the usa.we found serological evidence of infection with prospect hill virus, a hantaan-like virus isolated from meadow voles (microtus pennsylvanicus), in microtine and cricetid rodents trapped in maryland, west virginia, minnesota and california, usa. fluorescent antibodies were detected in sera from m. pennsylvanicus (74/277), m. californicus (39/185), clethrionomys gapperi (5/51), peromyscus maniculatus (4/22) and p. truei (1/11). sera from seropositive p. maniculatus contained neutralizing antibodie ...19872895510
isolation and initial characterization of a newfound hantavirus from california.a fatal case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in northern california prompted our attempt to isolate viruses from local rodents. from tissues of two deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus, two hantaviruses (convict creek virus 107 and 74, cc107 and cc74) were established in cell culture. viral antigens, proteins, and rnas of the first and archetypical isolate (cc107) were examined, and portions of the medium (m) and small (s) genome segments of both isolates were sequenced. antigenically, cc107 ...19957856107
complete nucleotide sequences of the m and s segments of two hantavirus isolates from california: evidence for reassortment in nature among viruses related to hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.we report the complete nucleotide sequence of the m and the s genome segments and a portion of the l segments of two hantavirus isolates from peromyscus maniculatus trapped in eastern california. the isolates, convict creek 107 and 74 (cc107 and cc74) are genetically similar to viruses known to cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in new mexico. cc107 and cc74 each have an m segment consisting of 3696 nucleotides with a coding potential of 1140 amino acids in the virus complementary-sense rna (cr ...19957856108
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in california: report of two cases and investigation.we report two cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome that were probably acquired in california. genetic analysis of tissue specimens from one of the patients revealed that the virus isolated is a variant of the strain (sin nombre virus) identified in the outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome that occurred in the four corners region of the southwestern united states in 1993. in addition to presenting the clinical features of the two cases, we discuss the possible risk factors for infection.19947888541
hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in california. 19947817560
hantavirus infection following wilderness camping in washington state and northeastern california. 19957571572
update: hantavirus disease--united states, 1993.since the recognition of acute hantavirus-associated respiratory disease in the united states in may 1993, laboratory evidence of acute hantavirus infection has been confirmed in 30 persons in the southwestern united states; 20 (67%) of these persons have died. of those 30 persons, 23 resided in the four-corners region (14 in new mexico, six in arizona, and three in colorado). previously reported cases outside the four-corners states occurred in a nevada resident and a texas resident, neither of ...19938336693
update: hantavirus disease--united states, 1993. 19937902158
occurrence of hantavirus within the rodent population of northeastern california and nevada.these studies were initiated to determine the prevalence and hosts of hantaviruses within the rodent population of nevada and northeastern california. a total of 1,867 rodents were collected, sexed, weighed, identified, and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of antibody against hantavirus nucleocapsid. the primary hosts for hantaviruses in this region were found within the family muridae (peromyscus maniculatus. reithrodontomys megalotis. and microtus montanus). studies ...19968619434
short report: prevalence of hantavirus infection in rodents associated with two fatal human infections in california.rodents living near two fatal human cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in california were surveyed for evidence of hantavirus infection. seventeen (15%) (14 peromyscus maniculatus and one each of p. truei, eutamias minimus, and microtus californicus) of 114 rodents tested had evidence (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or polymerase chain reaction) of hantavirus infection. this suggests that peromyscus mice, and p. maniculatus in particular, may be the reservoir for the virus causing this ne ...19957872450
genetically distinct hantavirus in deer mice. 19938105294
experimental evaluation of rodent exclusion methods to reduce hantavirus transmission to humans in rural housing.an experimental assessment of methods to reduce rodent infestations in rural housing was conducted in yosemite national park, california, sequoia/kings canyon national parks, california, and shenandoah national park, virginia. during pretreatment surveys, nearly all (63 of 68) selected units had past or ongoing rodent activity inside. active infestations were found in 58.8% of the units. peromyscus spp. represented 91.2% of all animals caught inside housing units. despite little harborage, roden ...19979158040
from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: hantavirus disease--united states, 1993. 19938355371
population dynamics of the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) and sin nombre virus, california channel islands.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, first documented in 1993, is caused by sin nombre virus (snv), which is carried by the peromyscus species. in 1994, high snv antibody prevalence was identified in deer mice from two california channel islands. we sampled two locations on three islands to estimate mouse population density and snv prevalence. population flux and snv prevalence appear to vary independently.19979284383
occupational exposure leading to hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in a utility company employee.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a newly recognized rodent-borne zoonosis. we report a case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in an employee of a california utility company who was probably occupationally exposed to sin nombre virus. environmental assessment and genetic comparison of the patient's hantavirus isolates to hantavirus isolates from rodents trapped at possible sites of exposure suggested that the patient contracted his infection at the work site. the study revealed a close corresponde ...19968722943
isla vista virus: a genetically novel hantavirus of the california vole microtus californicus.prospect hill virus (ph) was isolated from a meadow vole (microtus pennsylvanicus) in 1982, and much of its genome has been sequenced. hantaviruses of other new world microtine rodents have not been genetically characterized. we show that another microtus species (the california vole m. californicus) from the united states is host to a genetically distinct ph-like hantavirus, isla vista virus (ilv). the nucleocapsid protein of ilv differs from that of ph by 11.1% and a portion of the g2 glycopro ...19958847529
hantavirus (bunyaviridae) infections in rodents from orange and san diego counties, california.during a screening program to determine the extent of hantavirus activity in orange and san diego counties, california, serum samples from 2,365 rodents representing nine genera and 15 species were tested for hantavirus antibodies. a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on selected seropositive rodents was used to identify the specific hantavirus. rodents positive for sin nombre virus (snv) antibodies by western blot included 86 (9.1%) of 948 deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), four ( ...19999988327
ecology and demographics of hantavirus infections in rodent populations in the walker river basin of nevada and california.to study the ecologic correlates of hantavirus in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), we sampled 114 sites in the walker river basin of nevada and california in 1995-1996. blood samples were tested for antibody to hantavirus, and a subset of samples was also tested for virus rna by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. average prevalence of antibody-positive mice was 17%, with heavier males the most likely to be infected. antibody prevalence varied within repeatedly sampled sites from ...19989749642
rapidly evolving adult respiratory distress syndrome with eosinophilia of unknown cause in previously healthy active duty soldiers at an army training center: report of two cases.two previously healthy soldiers presented with rapidly evolving adult respiratory distress syndrome (ards) within days of their return from the national training center at fort irwin, california. there have been six similar cases reported in the national training center area, five with fatal outcomes.199910628168
role of maternal antibody in natural infection of peromyscus maniculatus with sin nombre virus.data from naturally infected deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were used to investigate vertical transmission of sin nombre virus (snv) and snv-specific antibody. the antibody prevalence in juvenile mice (14 g or less) was inversely proportional to the mass of the animal, with juvenile deer mice weighing less than 11 g most likely to be antibody positive (26.9%) and juvenile mice weighing between 13 and 14 g least likely to be antibody positive (12.9%). although a significant sex bias in seropo ...200010666274
hantavirus (bunyaviridae) infections in rodents from orange and san diego counties, california. 199910674658
remote sensing and geographic information systems: charting sin nombre virus infections in deer mice.we tested environmental data from remote sensing and geographic information system maps as indicators of sin nombre virus (snv) infections in deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) populations in the walker river basin, nevada and california. we determined by serologic testing the presence of snv infections in deer mice from 144 field sites. we used remote sensing and geographic information systems data to characterize the vegetation type and density, elevation, slope, and hydrologic features of ea ...200010827114
seroepidemiologic studies of hantavirus infection among wild rodents in california.a total of 4,626 mammals were serologically tested for antibodies to sin nombre virus. all nonrodent species were antibody negative. among wild rodents, antibody prevalence was 8.5% in murids, 1.4% in heteromyids, and < 0.1% in sciurids. of 1,921 peromyscus maniculatus (deer mice), 226 (11.8%) were antibody positive, including one collected in 1975. the highest antibody prevalence (71.4% of 35) was found among p. maniculatus on santa cruz island, off the southern california coast. prevalence of ...19979204301
genetic reassortment among viruses causing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.in order to determine the frequency and characteristics of reassortment among viruses causing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps), mixed infections were initiated in tissue culture by using two closely related strains of sin nombre virus, cc107 (from eastern california) and nmr11 (from new mexico), which share the same species of rodent host in nature, the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus). potential reassortant virus plaques were screened by multiplex rt-pcr, using primers specific for indivi ...19989501041
sin nombre virus infection in deer mice, channel islands, california. 200819046540
developing global climate anomalies suggest potential disease risks for 2006-2007.el niño/southern oscillation (enso) related climate anomalies have been shown to have an impact on infectious disease outbreaks. the climate prediction center of the national oceanic and atmospheric administration (noaa/cpc) has recently issued an unscheduled el niño advisory, indicating that warmer than normal sea surface temperatures across the equatorial eastern pacific may have pronounced impacts on global tropical precipitation patterns extending into the northern hemisphere particularly ov ...200617194307
acute infection with sin nombre hantavirus without pulmonary edema.acute infection with sin nombre virus has been associated with development of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps), a severe cardiopulmonary illness with respiratory failure and shock. we present two cases of sin nombre hantavirus infections that did not lead to marked pulmonary complications in two otherwise healthy young adults from utah and california. sin nombre virus causes a wider spectrum of disease severity than has been previously reported.199910530462
occupational risk of exposure to rodent-borne hantavirus at us forest service facilities in california.hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) is a frequently fatal viral disease transmitted through rodent secretions and excretions. working around deer mice can increase risk of infection. this study assessed potential risk of hcps at facilities occupied by the us forest service (usfs) in california. in 2004-2005, 18 usfs facilities in eight national forests in california were evaluated for evidence of rodent infestation and circulation of hantavirus. structural deficiencies and evidence of rod ...200818256445
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in five pediatric patients - four states, 2009.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a reportable infectious disease with a high case-fatality rate, transmitted to humans by exposure to rodents. each year, 20--40 cases of hps occur in the united states; cases in persons aged <17 years make up fewer than 7% of those cases, and cases in children aged <10 years are exceptionally rare. cdc received reports of five pediatric cases of hps occurring during may 16--november 25, 2009, among children aged 6--14 years from arizona, california, colorad ...200920032925
biogeographic and ecological regulation of disease: prevalence of sin nombre virus in island mice is related to island area, precipitation, and predator richness.the relative roles of top-down and bottom-up forces in affecting disease prevalence in wild hosts is important for understanding disease dynamics and human disease risk. we found that the prevalence of sin nombre virus (snv), the agent of a severe disease in humans (hantavirus pulmonary syndrome), in island deer mice from the eight california channel islands was greater with increased precipitation (a measure of productivity), greater island area, and fewer species of rodent predators. in findin ...201121508614
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