| winter biology of wetland mosquitoes at a focus of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus transmission in alabama, usa. | at temperate latitudes, vectors and pathogens must possess biological mechanisms for coping with cold temperatures and surviving from one transmission season to the next. mosquitoes that overwinter in the adult stage have been proposed as winter maintenance hosts for certain arboviruses. in the cases of west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus) and st. louis encephalitis virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus), discovery of infected overwintering females lends support to this ... | 2011 | 21936314 |
| temporal analysis of feeding patterns of culex erraticus in central alabama. | host blood meals in seven mosquito species previously shown to be infected with eastern equine encephalitis virus at a site in the tuskegee national forest in southcentral alabama were investigated. of 1374 blood meals derived from 88 different host species collected over 6 years from these seven mosquito species, 1099 were derived from culex erraticus. analysis of the temporal pattern of cx. erraticus meals using a runs test revealed that the patterns of feeding upon avian and mammalian hosts f ... | 2011 | 21395423 |
| estimation of dispersal distances of culex erraticus in a focus of eastern equine encephalitis virus in the southeastern united states. | patterns of mosquito dispersal are important for predicting the risk of transmission of mosquito-borne pathogens to vertebrate hosts. we studied dispersal behavior of culex erraticus (dyar & knab), a potentially significant vector of eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) that is often associated with foci of this pathogen in the southeastern united states. using data on the relative density of resting adult female cx. erraticus around known emergence sites in tuskegee national forest, alabama ... | 2010 | 21175044 |
| avian host preference by vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus. | an important variable in the amplification and escape from the enzootic cycle of the arboviral encephalitides is the degree of contact between avian hosts and mosquito vectors. to analyze this interaction in detail, blood-fed mosquitoes that were confirmed vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (eee) virus were collected in 2002 from an enzootic site in central alabama during the time this virus was actively transmitted. avian-derived blood meals were identified to the species level of the ... | 2003 | 14740882 |
| a multi-year study of mosquito feeding patterns on avian hosts in a southeastern focus of eastern equine encephalitis virus. | abstract. eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that cycles in birds but also causes severe disease in humans and horses. we examined patterns of avian host use by vectors of eeev in alabama from 2001 to 2009 using blood-meal analysis of field-collected mosquitoes and avian abundance surveys. the northern cardinal (cardinalis cardinalis) was the only preferred host (fed on significantly more than expected based on abundance) of culiseta melanura, the enzootic vect ... | 2011 | 21540380 |
| vector competence and capacity of culex erraticus (diptera: culicidae) for eastern equine encephalitis virus in the southeastern united states. | field studies of the ecology of eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev; family togaviridae, genus alphavirus) in the southeastern united states have demonstrated that culex erraticus (dyar and knab) is the most common mosquito at many enzootic sites and is often infected with the virus. however, the competence of cx. erraticus for eeev has not been explored in detail. culex erraticus females were collected from the field and fed upon eeev-infected chicks. the infected mosquitoes were provided h ... | 2016 | 26659606 |
| transmission of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in central alabama. | a site near tuskegee, alabama was examined for vector activity of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (eee) virus in 2001. more than 23,000 mosquitoes representing 8 genera and 34 species were collected during a 21-week period, and five species, culiseta melanura, aedes vexans, coquillettidia perturbans, culex erraticus, and uranotaenia sapphirina, were examined for the presence of virus using a nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for eee virus. each species was infected at vario ... | 2003 | 12875303 |
| identification of reptilian and amphibian blood meals from mosquitoes in an eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus focus in central alabama. | uranotaenia sapphirina, culex erraticus, and cx. peccator were collected in an enzootic eastern equine encephalomyelitis (eee) virus focus in central alabama (tuskegee national forest) from 2001 to 2003 and analyzed for virus as well as host selection. eee virus was detected in each species every year except 2003, when pools of cx. peccator were negative. most (97%) of the 130 cx. peccator blood meals identified were from ectothermic hosts; 3% were from birds. among blood meals from reptiles (ap ... | 2004 | 15381805 |
| developing gis-based eastern equine encephalitis vector-host models in tuskegee, alabama. | a site near tuskegee, alabama was examined for vector-host activities of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (eeev). land cover maps of the study site were created in arcinfo 9.2 from quickbird data encompassing visible and near-infrared (nir) band information (0.45 to 0.72 microm) acquired july 15, 2008. georeferenced mosquito and bird sampling sites, and their associated land cover attributes from the study site, were overlaid onto the satellite data. sas 9.1.4 was used to explore univariat ... | 2010 | 20181267 |
| serosurveillance of eastern equine encephalitis virus in amphibians and reptiles from alabama, usa. | eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) is among the most medically important arboviruses in north america, and studies suggest a role for amphibians and reptiles in its transmission cycle. serum samples collected from 351 amphibians and reptiles (27 species) from alabama, usa, were tested for the presence of antibodies against eeev. frogs, turtles, and lizards showed little or no seropositivity, and snakes had high seropositivity rates. most seropositive species were preferred or abundant host ... | 0 | 22403333 |
| detection of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus rna in north american snakes. | the role of non-avian vertebrates in the ecology of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (eeev) is unresolved, but mounting evidence supports a potential role for snakes in the eeev transmission cycle, especially as over-wintering hosts. to determine rates of exposure and infection, we examined serum samples from wild snakes at a focus of eeev in alabama for viral rna using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. two species of vipers, the copperhead (agkistrodon contortr ... | 2012 | 23033405 |