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bovine spongiform encephalopathy and variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease: background, evolution, and current concerns.the epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) in the united kingdom, which began in 1986 and has affected nearly 200,000 cattle, is waning to a conclusion, but leaves in its wake an outbreak of human creutzfeldt-jakob disease, most probably resulting from the consumption of beef products contaminated by central nervous system tissue. although averaging only 10-15 cases a year since its first appearance in 1994, its future magnitude and geographic distribution (in countries that have imp ...200111266289
the relationship between new variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy.creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd) has been transmitted in the laboratory and also by iatrogenic accident. however, research has failed to find evidence that its most common form (sporadic cjd) is a natural infection and, in particular, that there is a causal link with scrapie. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) probably resulted from scrapie infection in cattle food. in the wake of the bse epidemic, a novel clinico-pathological form of cjd has been recognized: new variant cjd (nvcjd). this pap ...199910394138
the biology and molecular biology of scrapie-like diseases.the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tse's) are degenerative diseases of the central nervous system which naturally affect man (creutzfeldt-jakob disease [cjd], gerstmann-sträussler syndrome [gss], kuru), sheep and goats (scrapie), cattle (bovine spongiform encephalopathy [bse]), mink (transmissible mink encephalopathy), mule deer, elk and antelope (chronic wasting disease). spongiform encephalopathies have also been diagnosed in captive species of zoo antelope and in domestic cats. mu ...19938219804
public understanding of food risks in four european countries: a qualitative study.in the wake of the 'bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) crisis' there was renewed interest in how those responsible for public health could take account of public views, both to 'democratize' policy making and to increase the likelihood of information about health risks resonating with public concerns. this study explored how members of the public in four european countries (finland, germany, italy and the uk) understood food risks in general, and risks arising from bse in particular. the aim ...200516030136
[variant creutzfeld-jakob disease (vcjd) : epidemiology and prevention from human to human secondary transmission].in the wake of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) epidemic, variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease (vcjd) has emerged as a previously unknown prion disease of humans. the initial occurrence of vcjd was observed in 1995/1996, and, so far, a total of 219 vcjd cases have been reported worldwide from seven european and four non-european countries. of these, 172 cases were observed in the united kingdom. the exact prevalence of sub- or pre-clinical vcjd infections is unclear. despite effective mea ...201020449549
power learning or path dependency? investigating the roots of the european food safety authority.a key motive for establishing the european food safety authority (efsa) was restoring public confidence in the wake of multiplying food scares and the bse crisis. scholars, however, have paid little attention to the actual political and institutional logics that shaped this new organization. this article explores the dynamics underpinning the making of efsa. we examine the way in which learning and power shaped its organizational architecture. it is demonstrated that the lessons drawn from the p ...201020726149
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