Publications

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new strategies for the elimination of polio from india.the feasibility of global polio eradication is being questioned as a result of continued transmission in a few localities that act as sources for outbreaks elsewhere. perhaps the greatest challenge is in india, where transmission has persisted in uttar pradesh and bihar despite high coverage with multiple doses of vaccine. we estimate key parameters governing the seasonal epidemics in these areas and show that high population density and poor sanitation cause persistence by not only facilitating ...200617110580
serum igg and iga levels in polio and non-polio acute flaccid paralysis cases in western uttar pradesh, india.igg and iga immunocompetence of children with wild poliovirus poliomyelitis and non-polio acute flaccid paralysis.201525848998
mucosal immunity after vaccination with monovalent and trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine in india.persistent wild-poliovirus transmission, particularly in india, has raised questions about the degree of mucosal immunity induced by oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) in tropical countries.200919624278
interrupting wild poliovirus transmission using oral poliovirus vaccine: environmental surveillance in high-risks area of india.global eradication of poliomyelitis has reached critical stage. sabin oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) has been successful in three major regions of the world. in india eradication of poliomyelitis from states of uttar pradesh (up) and bihar has been difficult due to high population and low-socioeconomic standards of living. acute flaccid paralysis (afp) surveillance and intensive opv rounds continues with the world health organization (who) operational strategies. yet apparent lack of progress in ...200818551602
what needs to be done for polio eradication in india?even if wild poliovirus persists in one country only, global polio eradication cannot be achieved, because of the risk of exportation of wild virus to other countries. among the countries where polio cases are still occurring, india happens to be the largest country. india cannot become polio free unless uttar pradesh and bihar become polio free. there was a quick decline in polio incidence in some states in india, while other states reported decline slowly, but, uttar pradesh and bihar have nev ...200717646037
detection of mef-1 laboratory reference strain of poliovirus type 2 in children with poliomyelitis in india in 2002 & 2003.significant progress has been made towards eradication of poliomyelitis in india. surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (afp) has reached high standards. among the 3 types of polioviruses, type 2 had been eliminated in india and eradicated globally as of october 1999. however, we isolated wild poliovirus type 2 from a small number of polio cases in northern india in 2000 and again during december 2002 to february 2003. using molecular tools the origin, of the wild type 2 poliovirus was invest ...200314870793
cold chain monitoring of opv at transit levels in india: correlation of vvm and potency status.we have conducted a study to analyze monitoring of the cold chain of 674 opv field samples collected at four different levels of vaccine distribution viz., immunization clinics, district stores, hospitals and primary health centers (phc) from states of uttar pradesh, madhya pradesh, and delhi. the study design included: collection and scoring of vaccine vial monitor (vvm) status of the samples and testing for total oral polio virus concentration (topv) by standard who protocol. ten samples each ...200314624793
qualitative study of wild polio cases in high risk districts of uttar pradesh, india.india has implemented a polio eradication strategy which includes national immunization days and house-to-house visits. while there has been a reduction in wild polio cases, a few districts in some states continue to harbour the virus. we did a qualitative survey in certain districts of western uttar pradesh to determine the reasons for continued occurrence of wild polio cases.200312929854
environmental surveillance system to track wild poliovirus transmission.eradication of poliomyelitis from large metropolis cities in india has been difficult due to high population density and the presence of large urban slums. three paralytic poliomyelitis cases were reported in mumbai, india, in 1999 and 2000 in spite of high immunization coverage and good-quality supplementary immunization activities. we therefore established a systematic environmental surveillance study by weekly screening of sewage samples from three high-risk slum areas to detect the silent tr ...200312732567
poliomyelitis surveillance: the model used in india for polio eradication.poliomyelitis surveillance in india previously involved the passive reporting of clinically suspected cases. the capacity for detecting the disease was limited because there was no surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis (afp). in october 1997, 59 specially trained surveillance medical officers were deployed throughout the country to establish active afp surveillance; 11,533 units were created to report weekly on the occurrence of afp cases at the district, state and national levels; timely case ...200010812728
strategies for eradication of poliomyelitis--the indian experience.substantial progress has been made towards achieving global eradication of poliomyelitis by the end of the year 2000; the goal set by the world health assembly in may 1988. the basic strategies to eradicate polio are: attaining high routine coverage with at least three doses of opv; conducting national immunization days (nids) in polio endemic countries; establishing a sensitive system of acute flaccid paralysis (afp) surveillance to track wild poliovirus circulation; and conducting "mopping-up" ...200411439860
role of genetic factors in polio eradication: new challenge for policy makers.in 1988 the world health assembly passed resolution wha 41.28, for global eradication of poliomyelitis by the year 2000 by providing immunization exclusively with oral polio vaccine (opv). india happens to be the largest country in the world, where polio cases are occurring in large numbers. despite increase in number of pulse polio immunization (ppi) rounds and introduction of monovalent oral polio vaccines mopv1 and mopv3, polio has not been eradicated from india. global polio eradication cann ...200717996995
progress toward poliomyelitis eradication--india, january 2006-september 2007.india is one of four countries where wild poliovirus (wpv) transmission has never been interrupted (the others are afghanistan, nigeria, and pakistan). an outbreak of poliomyelitis cases caused by wpv type 1 (wpv1) occurred in india in 2006, primarily in the northern states of uttar pradesh and bihar, where polio remains endemic. this outbreak resulted in the greatest annual number of cases of poliomyelitis in india since 2002. in response, the government of india and its partners implemented ad ...200718004237
progress toward poliomyelitis eradication--india, january 2007-may 2009.india is the most populous of the four remaining countries (including afghanistan, nigeria, and pakistan) where transmission of wild poliovirus (wpv) has never been interrupted. the last cases of wpv type 2 worldwide were reported in october 1999 in india. however, transmission of wpv type 1 (wpv1) and wpv type 3 (wpv3) persists in india in the northern states of uttar pradesh and bihar. transmission of indigenous wpv in all of india's other states was successfully interrupted in 2002, and all w ...200919590492
providing monovalent oral polio vaccine type 1 to newborns: findings from a pilot birth-dose project in moradabad district, india.poliovirus transmission remained a public health challenge in western uttar pradesh, india in late 2005 and early 2006. in 2006, the india expert advisory group for polio eradication concluded that, given the peak incidence of polio among children 6 to 12 months of age, a targeted birth dose of oral polio vaccine may be necessary to interrupt intense poliovirus transmission in high risk areas.200920454487
progress toward poliomyelitis eradication --- india, january 2009-october 2010.india is one of only four countries (including afghanistan, nigeria, and pakistan) where wild poliovirus (wpv) transmission has never been interrupted. historically, wpv transmission in india has centered largely in uttar pradesh and bihar, two states with low routine vaccination coverage, large migrant and remote populations, and lower relative vaccine effectiveness than other areas of the country. however, during a 9-month period from november 2009 to august 2010, no wpv type 1 (wpv1) cases we ...201021150866
outcomes of polio eradication activities in uttar pradesh, india: the social mobilization network (sm net) and core group polio project (cgpp).the primary strategy to interrupt transmission of wild poliovirus in india is to improve supplemental immunization activities and routine immunization coverage in priority districts with a focus on 107 high-risk blocks of western uttar pradesh and central bihar. villages or urban areas with a history of wild poliovirus transmission, or hard-to-reach or resistant populations are categorized as high-risk areas within blocks. the social mobilization network (sm net) was formed in uttar pradesh in 2 ...201121569256
progress toward poliomyelitis eradication---india, january 2010--september 2011.the global polio eradication initiative was launched in 1988. in 1995, when eradication activities were initiated in india, an estimated 50,000 polio cases were occurring each year. by 2006, transmission of indigenous wild poliovirus (wpv) had been interrupted in all countries except india, afghanistan, pakistan, and nigeria. during 2006--2009, india annually reported 559 to 874 cases of confirmed wpv, with cases centered in the northern states of uttar pradesh and bihar. these cases accounted f ...201122048729
determinants of performance of supplemental immunization activities for polio eradication in uttar pradesh, india: social mobilization activities of the social mobilization network (sm net) and core group polio project (cgpp). 201323327427
eradicating poliomyelitis: india's journey from hyperendemic to polio-free status.india's success in eliminating wild polioviruses (wpvs) has been acclaimed globally. since the last case on january 13, 2011 success has been sustained for two years. by early 2014 india could be certified free of wpv transmission, if no indigenous transmission occurs, the chances of which is considered zero. until early 1990s india was hyperendemic for polio, with an average of 500 to 1000 children getting paralysed daily. in spite of introducing trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (topv) in the ...201323760372
investigation of the prevalence of antibody immunodeficiency in a polio endemic area in india.protection against paralytic poliomyelitis is provided mainly by antibody mediated host defense. despite intensive oral polio vaccine (opv) immunization campaigns wild poliovirus transmission could not be stopped in uttar pradesh (up) and bihar states of india by the end of 2010. the objective of our study was to quantitate serum igg and iga in children of western up, india, to determine the prevalence of antibody immunodeficiency.201424652773
assessing population immunity in a persistently high-risk area for wild poliovirus transmission in india: a serological study in moradabad, western uttar pradesh.moradabad district in uttar pradesh reported the highest number of paralytic polio cases in india during 2001-2007. we conducted a study in moradabad in 2007 to assess seroprevalence against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 in children 6-12 and 36-59 months of age to guide future strategies to interrupt wild poliovirus transmission in high-risk areas.201425316839
an acute flaccid paralysis surveillance-based serosurvey of poliovirus antibodies in western uttar pradesh, india.despite intensified use of monovalent oral poliovirus type 1 vaccine and improved coverage of immunization campaigns, wild poliovirus type 1 persisted in indian states of uttar pradesh and bihar during 2006 to 2009.201425316841
prevalence of asymptomatic poliovirus infection in older children and adults in northern india: analysis of contact and enhanced community surveillance, 2009.in 2009, enhanced poliovirus surveillance was established in polio-endemic areas of uttar pradesh and bihar, india, to assess poliovirus infection in older individuals.201425316843
progress toward poliomyelitis eradication--india, january 2005-june 2006.the global eradication of poliomyelitis has reached a critical stage. the disease remains endemic in only four countries (afghanistan, india, nigeria, and pakistan), which have reported most of the cases in 2006. india is the most populous of the polio-endemic countries. beginning in 2005, the government of india (goi) and its partners intensified eradication efforts by implementing additional immunization and surveillance strategies, including introduction of monovalent oral poliovirus vaccine ...200616855526
progress toward poliomyelitis eradication--india, 2003.since the world health assembly resolved in may 1988 to eradicate poliomyelitis, the estimated global incidence of polio has decreased >99%, and three world health organization (who) regions (americas, western pacific, and european) have been certified as polio-free. since 1994, when the countries of the who south-east asia region (sear) began accelerating polio-eradication activities, substantial progress toward that goal has been made. by 2001, poliovirus circulation in india had been limited ...200415041951
progress toward poliomyelitis eradication--india, 2002.since the world health assembly resolved in may 1988 to eradicate poliomyelitis, the estimated global incidence of polio has decreased >99%, and three world health organization (who) regions (americas, western pacific, and european) have been certified as polio-free. in 1995, india began accelerating polio eradication activities. by 2001, poliovirus circulation had been limited largely to the two northern states of uttar pradesh (up) and bihar, with 268 cases reported nationwide. however, in 200 ...200312650629
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