| fecal shedding of salmonella spp. by dairy cows on farm and at cull cow markets. | as part of a national study of the u.s. dairy cow population, fecal samples were collected from representative cows on 91 dairies and 97 cull dairy cow markets in 19 states. salmonella spp. were recovered from 5.4% of milk cows, 18.1% of milk cows expected to be culled within 7 days, and 14.9% of culled dairy cows at markets. on a premise basis, salmonella shedding in milk cows was detected on 21.1% of dairies and 66% of cull dairy cow markets. the percentage of herds with at least one cow with ... | 2001 | 11198437 |
| assessment of post-hurricane katrina recovery in poultry slaughter establishments. | control of bacterial contamination during poultry slaughter can be compromised by natural disaster. in october 2005, disaster recovery was evaluated in 11 broiler slaughter establishments 1 month after operations were disrupted by hurricane katrina. a questionnaire was administered to characterize the establishment's operational disruption. carcass rinses were collected at the early and late stage of the slaughter process (rehang and postchill). counts for generic escherichia coli were determine ... | 2007 | 17612083 |
| prevalence of nontyphoidal salmonella and salmonella strains with conjugative antimicrobial-resistant serovars contaminating animal feed in texas. | the objective of this study was to characterize 365 nontyphoidal salmonella enterica isolates from animal feed. among the 365 isolates, 78 serovars were identified. twenty-four isolates (7.0%) were recovered from three of six medicated feed types. three of these isolates derived from the medicated feed, salmonella newport, salmonella typhimurium var. o 5- (copenhagen), and salmonella lexington var. 15+ (manila), displayed antimicrobial resistance. susceptibility testing revealed that only 3.0% ( ... | 2016 | 26818979 |
| chemical and biological studies of a new cigarette that primarily heats tobacco. part 2. in vitro toxicology of mainstream smoke condensate. | the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of mainstream cigarette smoke condensate (csc) from a new cigarette that primarily heats tobacco (tob-ht) was compared with that of csc from a kentucky reference low "tar" cigarette (1r4f) representative of the current us cigarette market, and kentucky reference 1r5f, representative of ultra-low "tar" cigarettes on the us market. tob-ht was evaluated at concentrations which induced concentration-dependent positive responses with 1r4f and 1r5f in an in vitro ... | 1998 | 9609391 |
| a comparison of the mutagenicity of mainstream cigarette smoke condensates from a representative sample of the u.s. cigarette market with a kentucky reference cigarette (k1r4f). | the salmonella mutagenicity assay has been used to investigate the mutagenicity of cigarette smoke and cigarette smoke condensate. the kentucky reference (k1r4f) cigarette is designed to be representative of full-flavor, low-tar cigarettes sold in the u.s. and to serve as a reference standard for comparative studies on the chemistry and biological activities of cigarette smoke and condensate. the objective of this study was to determine if the mutagenicity of mainstream smoke condensate from the ... | 1995 | 7715619 |
| effect of salmonella vaccination of breeder chickens on contamination of broiler chicken carcasses in integrated poultry operations. | while measures to control carcass contamination with salmonella at the processing plant have been implemented with some success, on-farm interventions that reduce salmonella prevalence in meat birds entering the processing plant have not translated well on a commercial scale. we determined the impact of salmonella vaccination on commercial poultry operations by monitoring four vaccinated and four nonvaccinated breeder (parental) chicken flocks and comparing salmonella prevalences in these flocks ... | 2010 | 20889797 |
| longitudinal study of a clonal, subclinical outbreak of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar cerro in a u.s. dairy herd. | salmonellae are a major group of foodborne pathogens known to affect both humans and animals. dairy cattle are a known reservoir of these bacteria and human salmonella infections have been associated with the consumption of improperly processed or contaminated dairy products. many of the over 2500 known serotypes of salmonella are known to infect cattle, resulting in asymptomatic to fatal salmonellosis. this study describes the course of a salmonella outbreak and subsequent endemic infection on ... | 2007 | 18041954 |
| occurrence of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dt104a in retail ground beef. | surveillance data of cattle and human isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 indicate that this pathogen emerged worldwide in the 1980s, particularly in cattle. studies were conducted to determine the prevalence of salmonella typhimurium dt104 in ground beef. samples were also tested for the presence of generic escherichia coli. a total of 404 fresh ground beef samples obtained at retail stores from new york, san francisco, philadelphia, denver, atlanta, houston, and chicago w ... | 2002 | 11848574 |
| supplemental invasion of salmonella from the perspective of salmonella enterica serovars kentucky and typhimurium. | critical to the development of salmonellosis in humans is the interaction of the bacterium with the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract. traditional scientific reasoning held type iii secretion system (t3ss) as the virulence factor responsible for bacterial invasion. in this study, field-isolated salmonella enterica serovar kentucky and a known human pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium were mutated and evaluated for the invasion of human colorectal adenocarcinoma epithel ... | 2017 | 28381209 |