| the association of a codon 136 prp gene variant with the occurrence of natural scrapie. | incidence of both experimental and natural scrapie in sheep has been associated with polymorphisms of the prp gene. in case/control studies the prp allele which encodes valine at codon 136 (val136) is found in 96-100% of naturally infected scrapie sheep of shetland, scottish halfbred and blue du maine breeds. in contrast, in healthy animals from the same flocks, the most frequent allele encodes ala136 (91-100% of sheep). however val136 does not correlate with incidence of scrapie in two other fl ... | 1994 | 7979991 |
| prevalence of vacuolar lesions consistent with scrapie in the brains of healthy cull sheep of the shetland islands. | to determine the levels of background scrapie-like pathology in the brains of clinically normal adult sheep, the brains of 1106 sheep from 28 known scrapie-infected flocks and nine apparently uninfected flocks were examined during 1998 and 1999. one per cent of the brains had vacuolar pathology and disease-specific accumulations of prion protein consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie. all the positive animals had at least one allele of the prion protein gene encoding valine at codon 136, and ori ... | 2000 | 11079439 |
| population dynamics of a scrapie outbreak. | a detailed analysis of a scrapie outbreak in a flock of cheviot sheep is described. a total of 33 cases of 1473 sheep born to the flock were reported between 1985 and 1994. the epidemiology of scrapie can only be understood with reference to sheep demography, the population genetics of susceptibility to scrapie, pathogenesis during a long incubation period, and the rate of transmission (by both horizontal and vertical routes), all of which interact in complex ways. in recent work a mathematical ... | 2001 | 11504423 |
| the shetland islands scrapie monitoring and control programme: analysis of the clinical data collected from 772 scrapie suspects 1985-1997. | there were 574 scrapie positive suspects (histopathological scrapie lesions present) and 198 scrapie negative suspects (histopathological scrapie lesions absent). the greatest number of scrapie cases were recorded in sheep of 2, 3 and 4 years of age which represented 17%, 36% and 23% of the scrapie positive suspects, respectively. the sign sensitivities and specificities for the ten recorded signs were, respectively: pruritus (62%, 42%), ataxia (23%, 74%), hyperaesthesia (32%, 74%), wool loss (2 ... | 2006 | 16045948 |
| association between natural scrapie and prp genotype in a flock of suffolk sheep in scotland. | the incidence of natural scrapie in sheep is associated with polymorphisms of the prp gene, particularly those at codons 136, 154 and 171. in many breeds, the prp allele encoding valine at codon 136 confers an extremely high risk of scrapie, but in suffolk sheep this allele is vanishingly rare. in this study of a single closed flock of suffolk sheep in scotland, scrapie occurred primarily in animals which were homozygous for glutamine at codon 171, a genotype which was significantly less frequen ... | 1997 | 9023905 |
| the research programme on transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in britain with special reference to bovine spongiform encephalopathy. | research into bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) commenced immediately following its discovery in november 1986. formal epidemiological studies commenced in june 1987 and were part of a large research programme set up mainly at the central veterinary laboratory weybridge and the institute for animal health, afrc/mrc neuropathogenesis unit in edinburgh. this programme also covered the clinicopathology of bse, transmission studies and molecular chemistry. research results have shown that bse i ... | 1993 | 8270105 |
| frequencies of prp gene variants in healthy cattle and cattle with bse in scotland. | bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) is one of a family of scrapie-like diseases which affect various mammals. polymorphisms and mutations of the prp gene have been associated with the incidence of experimental and natural scrapie in other animals and this study of the bovine prp gene was undertaken to discover whether there was a similar association with prp genotype in cattle with bse. there are two known polymorphisms of the coding region of the bovine prp gene, a silent hindii restriction ... | 1994 | 7856030 |
| maternal and lateral transmission of scrapie in sheep. | | 1974 | 4212154 |
| scrapie: a clinical assessment. | | 1992 | 1604786 |
| host-pathogen interactions in scrapie. | there are many strains of the agent which causes scrapie and these can be used singly or given as mixed infections to investigate the ways in which agent and host control mechanisms interact during the pathogenesis of the disease. two genes in mice are described; one only affects the kinetics of the disease when extraneural injections are used, the other acts irrespective of the route of injection and it is suggested that it determines the structure of a multimeric agent-replication site, the nu ... | 1975 | 807505 |
| within-holding prevalence of sheep classical scrapie in great britain. | data from the compulsory scrapie flocks scheme (csfs), part of the compulsory eradication measures for the control of scrapie in the eu, have been used to estimate the within-holding prevalence of classical scrapie in great britain (gb). specifically data from one of the testing routes within the csfs have been used; the initial cull (ic), whereby two options can be applied: the whole flock cull option by which the entire flock is depopulated, and the genotyping and cull of certain genotypes. | 2009 | 19133119 |
| a histopathologic and immunohistochemical review of archived uk caprine scrapie cases. | in 2005, a prion disease identified in a goat from france was reported to be consistent with disease from the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) agent. subsequent retrospective examination of uk goat scrapie cases led to the identification of one potentially similar, but as yet unconfirmed, case from scotland. these findings strengthened concerns that small ruminant populations exposed to the bse agent have become infected. the lack of data relating specifically to scrapie in goats has been ... | 2008 | 18587090 |
| atypical scrapie in a sheep in scotland. | | 2008 | 18424849 |
| descriptive spatial analysis of scrapie-affected flocks in great britain between january 1993 and december 2002. | the spatial distribution of sheep flocks in great britain with confirmed clinical scrapie between january 1993 and december 2002 inclusive was investigated by using kernel density estimation and a cluster scan test statistic. six statistically significant clusters were identified: three were lower risk, and were centred on the north-western coast of scotland, the north-western coast of wales and the south yorkshire/pennine region; three were of higher risk, and were centred in the central south, ... | 2006 | 16891423 |
| nitrogenous constituents of serum and urine in normal and scrapie sheep. | | 1965 | 14281671 |
| bse in sheep? humiliated lab fights to save face. | | 2002 | 11823623 |