| microbial impact of canada geese (branta canadensis) and whistling swans (cygnus columbianus columbianus) on aquatic ecosystems. | quantitative and qualitative analyses of the intestinal bacterial flora of canada geese and whistling swans were carried out with the finding that wild birds harbor significantly more fecal coliforms than fecal streptococci. the reverse was typical of captive and fasting birds. neither salmonella spp. nor shigella spp. were isolated from 44 migratory waterfowl that were wintering in the chesapeake bay region. enteropathogenic escherichia coli were detected in seven birds. geese eliminated 10(7) ... | 1979 | 104659 |
| ecology, serology, and enterotoxin production of vibrio cholerae in chesapeake bay. | a total of 65 isolates of vibrio cholerae, serotypes other than o--1, have been recovered from water, sediment, and shellfish samples from the chesapeake bay. isolations were not random, but followed a distinct pattern in which salinity appeared to be a controlling factor in v. cholerae distribution. water salinity at stations yielding v. cholerae (13 out of 21 stations) was 4 to 17 0/00, whereas the salinity of water at stations from which v. cholerae organisms were not isolated was less than 4 ... | 1979 | 367273 |
| raw hamburger: an interstate common source of human salmonellosis. | an interstate common-source outbreak of salmonellosis was first detected in the united states in september and october, 1975, when a tenfold increase in salmonella newport isolates was noted through routine salmonella surveillance by the colorado department of health. eighteen primary cases with a distinctive antibiotic resistance pattern (tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulfonamides) were evaluated in a case-control study, and illness was found to be associated with eating raw hamburger (p less ... | 1978 | 623088 |
| incidence of salmonella spp., clostridium botulinum, and vibrio parahaemolyticus in an estuary. | a study of the incidence of salmonella spp., vibrio parahaemolyticus-like organisms, and clostridium botulinum in samples collected at five stations located in the upper chesapeake bay, a major estuary on the atlantic coast of the united states, was conducted in december 1973 through december 1974. c. botulinum types b and e were detected in 12.3% of the total sediment samples examined. v. parahaemolyticus was recovered from 10.4% of a total of 86 water, sediment, and suspended sediment samples. ... | 1976 | 776085 |
| seasonal occurrence and distribution of microbial indicators and pathogens in the rhode river of chesapeake bay. | the seasonal incidence and occurrence of indicator organisms and pathogens were studied at four sites in the rhode river, a subestuary of chesapeake bay. the highest frequency of occurrence of total and fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci was in muddy creek, a marsh area receiving pasture land runoff. second highest frequency of occurrence of these bacteria was in cadle creek, a populated area. lowest measurements of these parameters were obtained at stations in the central portion of the rho ... | 1975 | 812423 |
| salmonella hadar associated with pet ducklings--united states. | | 1992 | 1291011 |
| salmonella hadar associated with pet ducklings--connecticut, maryland, and pennsylvania, 1991. | the association between salmonella and pets, particularly birds and reptiles, is well established (1-4). in the spring of 1991, a cluster of salmonella infections in connecticut, maryland, and pennsylvania was linked to pet ducklings. this outbreak underscores the need for careful handling of pets, especially ducklings during the spring and easter seasons. | 1992 | 1542292 |
| restaurant-associated outbreak of typhoid fever in maryland: identification of carrier facilitated by measurement of serum vi antibodies. | ten cases of typhoid fever occurred between 24 august and 1 september 1986 in the vicinity of silver spring, md. shrimp salad served in a fast-food restaurant was implicated as the source of infection. stool cultures were obtained from 104 employees, and serum vi antibodies were assayed in 97 of the employees. salmonella typhi was isolated from stool cultures of an 18-year-old asymptomatic female employee, who was a food handler. a high level of vi antibodies (79.0 micrograms/ml), measured by ra ... | 1988 | 3384930 |
| salmonellosis in a captive heron colony. | | 1974 | 4596790 |
| fish: serologic evidence of infection with human pathogens. | specific antibodies to several bacteria pathogenic to humans were detected in the serums of white perch from surface waters adjacent to heavily populated areas on chesapeake bay. white perch from surface waters adjacent to sparsely populated areas were free of such antibodies. we suggest that fish may become actively infected with human pathogens by exposure to contaminated water and may constitute a hazard to public health. | 1968 | 4965526 |
| hospital-associated infections. | | 1969 | 4980611 |
| shigella and salmonella infections in frederick county. | | 1970 | 5523353 |
| prevalence of campylobacter spp., escherichia coli, and salmonella serovars in retail chicken, turkey, pork, and beef from the greater washington, d.c., area. | a total of 825 samples of retail raw meats (chicken, turkey, pork, and beef) were examined for the presence of escherichia coli and salmonella serovars, and 719 of these samples were also tested for campylobacter spp. the samples were randomly obtained from 59 stores of four supermarket chains during 107 sampling visits in the greater washington, d.c., area from june 1999 to july 2000. the majority (70.7%) of chicken samples (n = 184) were contaminated with campylobacter, and a large percentage ... | 2001 | 11722889 |
| a predominant role for norwalk-like viruses as agents of epidemic gastroenteritis in maryland nursing homes for the elderly. | stool specimens from 156 maryland nursing home residents, who became ill during 20 outbreaks of gastroenteritis from november 1987 through february 1988, were analyzed. all tested negative for astroviruses, enteroviruses, group a rotaviruses, sapporo-like caliciviruses, and enteric bacteria (i.e., salmonella, clostridium, and shigella species). eighty-two (52%) were positive for norwalk-like viruses (nlvs), members of the family caliciviridae. six distinct genetic clusters within genogroups i an ... | 2002 | 11807686 |
| shigella and salmonella enteritis in infants and children. an analysis of 492 cases. | | 1964 | 14222617 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spp. and salmonella serovars in organic chickens from maryland retail stores. | retail organic (n = 198) and conventional (n = 61) chickens were analyzed. most organic (76%) and conventional (74%) chickens were contaminated with campylobacters. salmonellae were recovered from 61% of organic and 44% of conventional chickens. all salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates from conventional chickens were resistant to five or more antimicrobials, whereas most s. enterica serovar typhimurium isolates (79%) from organic chickens were susceptible to 17 antimicrobials tested. | 2005 | 16000828 |
| emergence of domestically acquired ceftriaxone-resistant salmonella infections associated with ampc beta-lactamase. | ceftriaxone, an expanded-spectrum cephalosporin, is an antimicrobial agent commonly used to treat severe salmonella infections, especially in children. ceftriaxone-resistant salmonella infections have recently been reported in the united states, but the extent of the problem is unknown. | 2000 | 11135779 |
| use of hazard analysis critical control point and alternative treatments in the production of apple cider. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the practices of maryland cider producers and determine whether implementing hazard analysis critical control point (haccp) would reduce the microbial contamination of cider. cider producers (n = 11) were surveyed to determine existing manufacturing practices and sanitation. a training program was then conducted to inform operators of safety issues, including contamination with escherichia coli o157:h7, and teach haccp concepts and principles, sanitation ... | 1999 | 10419272 |
| decisive action heads off costly salmonella outbreak. | | 1989 | 10293066 |
| typhoid fever in the park: epidemiology of an outbreak at a cultural interface. | the number of reported outbreaks of typhoid fever in the united states has recently increased. only six were reported from 1980-1989, but seven outbreaks were reported in 1990. in august 1990, health officials in montgomery county, maryland, were notified of two cases of typhoid fever among persons who had attended both a family picnic attended by 60 persons and a latin food festival attended by 100,000 people. we obtained interviews, blood and stool cultures, and vi serologies from attendees at ... | 1995 | 8568020 |
| heterocyclic amine content in fast-food meat products. | heterocyclic aromatic amines are sometimes formed during the cooking of muscle meats, and their mutagenic and carcinogenic effects are of potential concern in the aetiology of human cancer. in a large survey of the heterocyclic amine content of foods, fried or charbroiled hamburgers, fried chicken, chicken breast sandwiches, fish sandwiches and breakfast sausages were purchased from fast-food restaurants. at least three different chains were visited per product and samples from five stores from ... | 1995 | 7628789 |
| study of induced typhoid fever in man. i. evaluation of vaccine effectiveness. | | 1966 | 5929469 |
| salmonellosis in passerine birds in maryland and west virginia. | | 1973 | 4573570 |
| characteristics of humoral and cellular immunity to salmonella typhi in residents of typhoid-endemic and typhoid-free regions. | | 1987 | 3680988 |
| investigation of an outbreak of salmonella enteritidis gastroenteritis associated with consumption of eggs in a restaurant chain in maryland. | salmonella enteritidis ser. enteritidis was isolated from patrons and employees of three restaurants in a restaurant chain in maryland during august and september 1985. isolates from all three restaurants had identical plasmid profiles; this profile was present in 13 of 40 randomly selected s. enteritidis isolates received by the maryland state health department laboratory during a comparable time period. the outbreak in one restaurant resulted in at least 71 illnesses, with 17 persons known to ... | 1988 | 3048087 |
| salmonella enteritidis and grade a shell eggs. | | 1989 | 2644515 |
| safety and immunogenicity of two salmonella typhi vi capsular polysaccharide vaccines. | | 1986 | 2425009 |
| changing clonal patterns of salmonella enteritidis in maryland: evaluation of strains isolated between 1985 and 1990. | we examined isolates from 203 sporadic and outbreak-associated salmonella enteritidis cases occurring in maryland between 1985 and 1990. plasmid profiles were determined for all isolates; 52 isolates were phage typed. ten plasmid profiles were identified. a single profile (consisting of a single ca. 55-kb plasmid) emerged as the predominant profile in maryland during the study period. this profile (which was closely associated with phage type 8) accounted for 86% of a group of isolates from spor ... | 1992 | 1583136 |
| epidemiology & disease control program. update: salmonella enteritidis associated with shell eggs. february, 1992. | in previous articles in the maryland medical journal we have reviewed the problem of salmonella enteritidis associated with shell eggs. cases and outbreaks continue to occur. health care professionals need to be aware of the association between the consumption of raw or undercooked eggs or egg-containing foods and gastroenteritis, especially in high risk individuals. | 1992 | 1565008 |
| from the centers for disease control. salmonella hadar associated with pet ducklings--connecticut, maryland, and pennsylvania, 1991. | | 1992 | 1552625 |
| diagnostic value of the widal test in areas endemic for typhoid fever. | the usefulness of a single widal test to diagnose typhoid fever in endemic areas was investigated. reciprocal salmonella typhi o and h titers greater than or equal to 40 and greater than or equal to 80, respectively, occurred in approximately 90% of 42 mexican patients with bacteriologically-confirmed typhoid fever at the time of presentation to hospital and, by day 4 to 5 of clinical illness, in 70% of u.s. adult volunteers who developed typhoid fever in the course of vaccine efficacy trials bu ... | 1978 | 686246 |
| multiple antimicrobial resistance in plague: an emerging public health risk. | antimicrobial resistance in yersinia pestis is rare, yet constitutes a significant international public health and biodefense threat. in 1995, the first multidrug resistant (mdr) isolate of y. pestis (strain ip275) was identified, and was shown to contain a self-transmissible plasmid (pip1202) that conferred resistance to many of the antimicrobials recommended for plague treatment and prophylaxis. comparative analysis of the dna sequence of y. pestis plasmid pip1202 revealed a near identical inc ... | 2007 | 17375195 |
| antimicrobial resistance and genetic relatedness among salmonella from retail foods of animal origin: narms retail meat surveillance. | salmonella isolates were recovered from a monthly sampling of chicken breasts, ground turkey, ground beef, and pork chops purchased from selected grocery stores in six participating foodnet sites (connecticut, georgia, maryland, minnesota, oregon, and tennessee) in 2002 and an additional two sites in 2003 (california and new york). in 2002 and 2003, a total of 6,046 retail meats were examined, including 1,513 chicken breasts, 1,499 ground turkey samples, 1,522 ground beef samples, and 1,502 pork ... | 2006 | 16602986 |