| temperature and the persistence of viruses in culicoides spp. during adverse conditions. | the average daily maximum temperature for the coldest month during the winters of 1977-1978 and 1978-1979, when bluetongue (bt) virus overwintered in a cycle between culicoides spp. and cattle in western turkey (aydin and izmir provinces), was found to be 12.5 degrees c. this temperature agreed with the lowest temperatures found for culicoides activity and for flight over long distances. overwintering of bt virus in western turkey and lesbos (1979-1980), african horse sickness (ahs) virus in spa ... | 1993 | 8219328 |