Publications

grass sickness: the paths of research.		1973	4791752
some aspects of the epidemiology of equine grass sickness.		1974	4439627
isolation of y. pseudotuberculosis from a foal.		1974	4819707
the status of equine practice abroad.		1975	1124069
equestrian injuries--a one year prospective study.	a one year prospective study of equestrian injuries was carried out in an area where horse riding is a popular pursuit. 115 persons suffered injury--eighty females and thirty-five males of whom sixty were under fifteen years of age. no fatalities were recorded and there were 0.2 injuries per 100 rides. most injuries were minor and to the musculo-skeletal system. visceral and cerebral injuries were not common but the former were life threatening in all cases. it is concluded that young riders sho ...	1979	465903
serious head injury in sport.	of 1900 head injuries serious enough to be admitted to the neurosurgical unit in glasgow over a five year period, 52 (2.7%) were due to "sport." golf, horse-riding, and association football were the sports most commonly linked with serious head injury. golfing injuries were all compound depressed fractures, and all these patients made a good recovery; horse-riding produced more severe injuries, three of the eight patients being left with residual disability. much attention has been directed to p ...	1980	7427450
flies associated with cattle in south west scotland during the summer months.	the sheep headfly, hydrotaea irritans, and morellia simplex were the species most frequently associated with cattle at pasture and comprised 69.01 per cent and 13.93 per cent, respectively, of the total fly collection made from grazing cattle. the most prevalent biting fly was haematobosca stimulans which comprised 4.46 per cent of the total catch. a few clegs, haematopota pluvialis, and horse flies, hybomitra distinguenda, were also recorded. a few of the headflies swarming around cattle entere ...	1981	7244374
a negative serological relationship between cases of grass sickness in scotland and clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin.	in an attempt to compare the equine grass sickness as reported in europe with that described in the republic of colombia, sera from horses experiencing grass sickness in scotland were used in neutralisation tests with clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin. the sera, from acute and chronic cases of the disease, failed to neutralise either crude or partially-purified enterotoxin. neither were precipitin lines formed when the sera were treated against the toxin in immunoelectrophoresis. these ...	1981	6263613
observations on the epidemiology of equine hydatidosis in britain.	of 1388 horses and ponies examined at two abattoirs in the north of england from november 1979 to september 1981, 123 (8.7 per cent) showed evidence of hydatid infection. prevalence of infection was closely related to age, rising from nil in animals up to two years old to over 20 per cent of those over eight years. full-mouthed horses and ponies had similar prevalence rates (14.9 and 14.5 per cent, respectively), but horses had nearly twice as many viable infections as ponies. the prevalence of ...	1982	7101713
lean ewes and twin lamb disease common.		1986	3716121
acute myopathy in horses at grass in east and south east scotland.	a myopathy of horses at grass in east and south east scotland was recognised in the autumn and winter of 1984 and the spring of 1985. the clinical signs resembled those of paralytic myoglobinuria. grossly increased creatine kinase activities and the passage of dark brown urine were consistent features. however, the horses were not in training, most of them died and the muscles affected were those of posture and respiration rather than movement. the condition may be unrelated to nutritional myopa ...	1986	3798693
benzimidazole resistance in equine small strongyles.		1987	3424635
the epidemiology of echinococcus granulosus in great britain. v. the status of subspecies of echinococcus granulosus in great britain.	twenty-five years ago williams and sweatman suggested that in great britain there are two subspecies of echinococcus granulosus--e. granulosus granulosus and e. granulosus equinus. echinococcus granulosus granulosus does not mature either in foxes or in horses: e. granulosus equinus will mature in either. the prepatent period of e. granulosus granulosus in the definitive host is about 42 days while that of e. granulosus equinus is about 70 days. each subspecies has a characteristic morphology. m ...	1989	2596902
field investigation of anthelmintic resistance of small strongyles in horses.		1990	2260266
the relationship between meteorological features and equine grass sickness (dysautonomia).	local weather patterns associated with 15 outbreaks of equine grass sickness in eastern scotland were studied. the majority showed a trend toward cooler drier weather associated with irregular ground frosts. this would not preclude the hypothesis that fungi might be connected with the aetiology of grass sickness.	1991	1959529
a comparative study of normal equine populations and those with grass sickness (dysautonomia) in eastern scotland.	a retrospective survey was made of premises in eastern scotland on which at least two cases of grass sickness had occurred between 1970 and 1987. for comparison, a further survey of 49 equine establishments, on which no grass sickness had been recorded, was conducted from 1986 to 1988. the results indicated that younger animals are more susceptible, especially those in good physical condition grazing full-time in the spring or early summer. movement to new grazing increases the risk of grass sic ...	1991	1959528
halicephalobus deletrix infection in a horse in scotland.		1992	1471333
epidemiological observations on sarcoids in a population of donkeys (equus asinus).	an epidemiological study of equine sarcoid in a population of 4126 donkeys showed that the peak incidence of the disease was 15.2 cases per 100 animal-years and occurred in animals in their fourth year of life. the crude incidence of the disease was 0.6 cases per 100 animal-years. the disease occurred most frequently in younger, male animals during their first five years in the population. the lesions were observed most commonly in the paragenital region. pre-entry quarantine procedures did not ...	1994	8171807
cyathostomiasis in horses.		1995	7709578
demographic characteristics of the equine population of northern britain.	the size, composition and distribution of the equine population of scotland and the five northernmost counties in england were estimated through a series of mailed questionnaire surveys of sentinel veterinary practices and horse owners. an estimated 96,622 equine animals were kept by an estimated 26,114 owners. the mean (sd) age of the population was 11.0 (7.5) years (range one month to 37 years). thoroughbred or thoroughbred-cross animals were the most numerous, constituting 30 per cent (95 per ...	1999	10515615
issues associated with the application to veterinarians of a mailed questionnaire regarding lower respiratory-tract disease in racehorses.	this study evaluated a questionnaire investigating the attitudes and behaviours of veterinarians regarding the cause, diagnosis and treatment of lower respiratory-tract disease in racehorses. the questionnaire was sent to all non-student members (648) of the australian equine veterinary association: two mailings and a single telephone contact (each separated by four weeks). subsequent phases were only administered to those who had not responded to earlier phases. in total, 467 (72.1%) of the 648 ...	2000	10913801
properties of herbage in relation to equine dysautonomia: biochemical composition and antioxidant and prooxidant actions.	to investigate the etiology of equine dysautonomia (ed), a degenerative polyneuropathy affecting grazing horses, the biochemical composition and antioxidant/prooxidant activities of aqueous extracts of plants collected from ed pastures were determined. plants collected immediately after an outbreak of ed had reduced antioxidant and weak prooxidant activities when compared with control plants (plants collected from ed pastures out of ed season and control plants from ed pastures that were grown u ...	2000	10888548
sentinel practice-based survey of the management and health of horses in northern britain.	details of the management, feeding, level of activity and routine health care of horses in scotland and the five northernmost counties in england were recorded through a stratified random sample of horse owners who had responded to a previous survey. sixty-eight per cent of the horses were kept where their owners resided, and 32 per cent were kept away from the owner's home. more than 99 per cent were turned out to grazing for at least part of the year and 81 per cent were stabled for at least p ...	2001	11678214
seascape with monkeys and guinea-pigs: britain's biological weapons research programme, 1948-54.	the british biological weapons (bw) research programme based at porton down continued after the second world war. five series of bw experiments with animals at sea were undertaken to supplement laboratory work. the causative organisms for plague, brucellosis, tularemia and later venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis and vaccinia viruses were tested in the caribbean near antigua in the late 1940s, in hebridean waters (north-west scotland) in the early 1950s and off nassau in the bahamas in 1953-54. ...	2003	14703127
ophthalmic lesions in 83 geriatric horses and ponies.	ophthalmic lesions were detected in 67 of 83 horses and ponies aged 15 years or more. degeneration of the vitreous, followed by senile retinopathy, were the most common lesions and both of them became more common with advancing age, although few of the owners reported disturbances of vision in their animals.	2003	14516113
seasonal development of cyathostominae larvae on pasture in a northern temperate region of the united kingdom.	a study following the development of cyathostominae from egg to the infective larval third stage was conducted from april to december 2001 in west central scotland. duplicate samples (1 kg) of naturally infected faeces were placed on a 78 cm2 plot each week on a cyathostomin-free pasture. subsamples of the grass surrounding the faecal plot were collected weekly on four occasions and the number of larvae obtained determined. few larvae were recovered in the first week of development of individual ...	2004	15154595
james wardrop and equine recurrent uveitis.	james wardrop should be remembered not only as one of the founders of ocular pathology but also for his contributions to the field of comparative ophthalmology. he described a "specific inflammation" that veterinarians today know as equine recurrent uveitis. as described by wardrop in the 19th century, this condition is known today to eventually lead to blindness.	2004	15302665
clustering of equine grass sickness cases in the united kingdom: a study considering the effect of position-dependent reporting on the space-time k-function.	equine grass sickness (egs) is a largely fatal, pasture-associated dysautonomia. although the aetiology of this disease is unknown, there is increasing evidence that clostridium botulinum type c plays an important role in this condition. the disease is widespread in the united kingdom, with the highest incidence believed to occur in scotland. egs also shows strong seasonal variation (most cases are reported between april and july). data from histologically confirmed cases of egs from england and ...	2005	15816161
investigation and management of a cluster of cases of equine retained fetal membranes in highland ponies.	four at-risk highland ponies on the same premises all retained their fetal membranes in the same breeding season. the ponies were treated with a combination of oxytocin, infusion and distension of the allantochorionic sac with fluid, gentle traction in one case, and supportive therapy. the possible causes of the condition were investigated with clinicopathological tests and analyses of the herbage for its species composition and fungal contamination. no obvious possible causative abnormalities w ...	2005	16024674
prevalence of obesity in riding horses in scotland.		2008	18453379
james law, america's first veterinary epidemiologist and the equine influenza epizootic of 1872.		2008	19227615
gallbladder disease and use of transdermal versus oral hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: prospective cohort study.	to determine whether transdermal compared with oral use of hormone replacement therapy reduces the risk of gallbladder disease in postmenopausal women.	2008	18617493
concentrations of dust and endotoxin in equine stabling.		2009	19734563
dorsal spinous process impingement syndrome ('kissing spine') in a cat: imaging appearance and surgical management.	spinal pain is an important clinical presentation in feline patients, but the underlying causes can often be difficult to elucidate. dorsal spinous process impingement syndrome ('kissing spine' or in human patients 'baastrup syndrome') is a significant cause of spinal pain in equine and human patients and radiographically is characterised by a close approximation of adjacent spinous processes with reactive bone sclerosis affecting these spinous processes. in this report we describe the first rep ...	2011	21723173
a nationwide surveillance scheme for equine grass sickness in great britain: results for the period 2000-2009.	reasons for performing study: equine grass sickness (egs) remains a frequently fatal disease of equids in great britain (gb). the first nationwide surveillance scheme for egs was developed to obtain information on the occurrence of egs and to help facilitate future proposed intervention studies, such as vaccine trials. objectives: to collect both retrospective and prospective data on cases of egs occurring in gb since 2000 and to assess potential risk factors for categories of egs and survival a ...	2011	21649713