| isolation and characterisation of an h3n8 equine influenza virus in australia, 2007. | before 2007, equine influenza had never been diagnosed in australia. on 22 august 2007, infection was confirmed in horses at eastern creek animal quarantine station near sydney. the virus subsequently isolated (a/equine/sydney/2888-8/2007) was confirmed by sequence analysis of the haemagglutinin (ha) gene as an h3 virus of the variant american florida lineage that is now referred to as clade 1. the ha sequence of the virus was identical to that of a virus isolated from a contemporaneous outbreak ... | 2011 | 21711282 |
| biosecurity and vaccination strategies to minimise the effect of an equine influenza outbreak on racing and breeding. | three biosecurity and relief-and-recovery initiatives adopted by the nsw horse racing industries reduced the economic and social disruption caused by the disease and subsequent movement controls during the 2007 australian equine influenza (ei) incursion. the first was the creation of biosecure horse training and racing precincts around the sydney area to permit racing to continue with healthy horses. infection was excluded for 3-5 weeks and race meetings were conducted safely during this period. ... | 2011 | 21711305 |
| significant features of the epidemiology of equine influenza in new south wales, australia, 2007. | equine influenza (ei) was first diagnosed in the australian horse population on 24 august 2007 at centennial park equestrian centre (cpec) in sydney, new south wales (nsw), australia. by then, the virus had already spread to many properties in nsw and southern queensland. the outbreak in nsw affected approximately 6000 premises populated by approximately 47,000 horses. analyses undertaken by the epidemiology section, a distinct unit within the planning section of the state disease control headqu ... | 2011 | 21711291 |
| evaluating the effectiveness of the response to equine influenza in the australian outbreak and the potential role of early vaccination. | to use modelling and epidemiological analyses to assess the effectiveness of control strategies employed during the equine influenza outbreak and determine if early vaccination might have had a beneficial effect. | 2011 | 21711314 |
| attack risk on infected properties during the 2007 equine influenza outbreak in new south wales, australia. | the aim of this preliminary study was to estimate the proportions of seropositive horses on infected premises (ips) in order to assess the attack risk of the disease. logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the differences in attack risks between enterprise sizes and predefined spatial clusters/regions. the average attack risk experienced during the outbreak was 96.88% (median 100%), but it differed according to the size of the enterprise and other geographic and demographic cond ... | 2011 | 21711294 |
| surveillance and prevention in a non-affected state: victoria. | the equine influenza outbreak detected in august 2007 in new south wales and queensland did not enter victoria, which was, however, considered at risk because of its sizable border with new south wales. accordingly, victoria implemented a response plan to prevent disease entry and enable early detection of any disease. horse movement restrictions, surveillance strategies and public awareness formed a large part of this response. | 2011 | 21711300 |
| pathological changes in horses dying with equine influenza in australia, 2007. | analysis of pathology results from the 2007 equine influenza (ei) outbreak in australia indicate that young foals in na+»ve horse populations are prone to developing broncho-interstitial pneumonia, and that this can be a rare manifestation of ei virus infection in mature horses. all horses may develop secondary bacterial bronchopneumonia, with mature horses more likely to die. ei outbreaks among heavily pregnant mares can result in increased neonatal losses because of premature placental separat ... | 2011 | 21711275 |
| Spatial association and clinical development of equine influenza in horses yarded overnight at an equestrian event at Maitland prior to propagating the 2007 epidemic in Australia. | The interaction and stabling of horses at equine events may have a substantial impact on the spread of a zoonotic disease. This study aimed to investigate the spread of equine influenza (EI) at an equestrian event at the start of the Australian outbreak. Around one-third of the competing horses were stabled overnight at the event and, of these, 70% developed symptoms of EI within 7 days. The index case was never positively identified, but stabling position and disease onset provided clues to its ... | 2011 | 21711293 |
| equine influenza: patterns of disease and seroprevalence in thoroughbred studs and implications for vaccination. | this study included 10 large thoroughbred horse studs in the upper hunter valley of new south wales and in southeast queensland, australia. the aims were to describe the ei epidemic in studs in the special restricted area (purple zone) of nsw, to estimate seroprevalence among different groups of horses on these studs and to look for evidence of exposure to ei virus in horses on 'vaccinated' studs in southeast queensland that were thought to have remained free of infection. as serology results fr ... | 2011 | 21711311 |
| The importance of location in contact networks: Describing early epidemic spread using spatial social network analysis. | This paper explores methods for describing the dynamics of early epidemic spread and the clustering of infected cases in space and time when an underlying contact network structure is influencing disease spread. A novel method of describing an epidemic is presented that applies social network analysis to characterise the importance of both spatial location and contact network position. This method enables the development of a model of how these clusters formed, incorporating spatial clustering a ... | 2011 | 21852007 |
| whispering dysphonia in an australian family (dyt4): a clinical and genetic reappraisal. | the designation, dyt4, was assigned to an australian family with whispering dysphonia. the role of known causes of dystonia has not been comprehensively investigated in this family, nor has the possible relationship with wilson disease (wnd) in 2 siblings. eighteen family members were neurologically examined, and dna samples were obtained. linkage analysis was performed to dyt1, dyt6, dyt7, dyt11, dyt13, dyt15, and atp7b with microsatellite markers and the thap1 (dyt6), prkra (dyt16), and atp7b ... | 2011 | 21956287 |
| nuisance flies on australian cattle feedlots: immature populations. | species composition, seasonality and distribution of immature fly populations on a southern queensland feedlot during 2001-2003 were determined. similar data were collected on feedlots in central new south wales and central queensland. the fly species recovered in the highest numbers were musca domestica l. (diptera: muscidae), stomoxys calcitrans l. (diptera: muscidae) and physiphora clausa macquart (diptera: ulidiidae). houseflies were the dominant species at all feedlots. houseflies preferred ... | 2011 | 22035065 |