| the venous drainage of the cervical vertebrae of the ox (bos taurus l.). | the venous drainage of the cervical vertebrae of the ox was studied in 16 animals (friesland, jersey and guernsey cross-breeds), ranging from near full-term foetuses to adults. the extra- and intraosseous veins of the cervical vertebrae are described and illustrated. the nutrient vessels are derived from the vertebral, deep cervical, occipital and internal jugular veins. in addition to the dorsal and ventral external venous plexuses, a lateral external venous plexus is described. the intraosseou ... | 1977 | 349443 |
| relationships between milk yield and fertility in dairy cattle. | in three studies of 51,618 holstein, 6,630 jersey, and 1,524 guernsey records, correlation was .07 between 120-day milk yield and number of services required for probable conception, independent of days postpartum. the partial regression coefficient for holsteins was .014 +/- .001 more services for each additional 100 kg of 120-day milk. for jerseys and guernseys, .028 +/- .008 more services were required for each additional 100 kg of 120-day milk. | 1979 | 574519 |
| teat shape, teat cup crawl and milk production in guernsey and australian illawarra shorthorn cows. | | 1977 | 608089 |
| bovine vibriosis vaccination: immunity conferred by a single biotype. | an adjuvant vaccine was prepared from an australian isolate of campy-lobacter fetus subsp fetus biotype intermedius and injected into 23 virgin guernsey heifers. ten nonvaccinated animals served as controls. when challenged by the intravaginal route with a culture of either the homologous strain or biotype venerealis, weekly swabs from the anterior vagina continued to yield either biotype in 8 of 10 nonvaccinates at 6 weeks as compared with 3 of 23 vaccinates. serology in vaccinated heifers and ... | 1977 | 612317 |
| the arterial blood supply of the cervical vertebrae of the ox (bos taurus l.). | the arterial supply to the cervical vertebrae of the ox was studied in 22 animals (friesland, jersey and guernsey cross-breeds), ranging from near full-term foetuses to adults. various techniques, including angiography and clearing of bone, were employed to expose the extra- and intraosseous distribution of the arteries and a description is given of a modified spalteholtz clearing technique. the extraosseous nutrient arteries are described and illustrated. a uniform pattern emerged from the inve ... | 1977 | 614528 |
| age, breed and seasonal patterns in the occurrence of ten dairy cow diseases: a case control study. | a total of 5,990 occurences of the diseases abomasal displacement, cystic graafian follicles, endometritis, hypocalcemia, ketosis, mastitis, metritis, ovarian hypofuction, pyometra and retained placenta were included in a case control study. the study was based on a hospital population of holstein, ayrshire, guernsey and jersey cows who were at least two years of age. the data were retrieved from computer storage of material abstracted for the veterinary medical data program. the transcription o ... | 1978 | 647447 |
| a decapitated sperm defect in two sterile hereford bulls. | two almost identical cases of sterility in young hereford bulls have been investigated. semen samples sent to the laboratory showed normal sperm concentradition and abnormal sperm morphology. in 80-95% of the sperm cells, head and tail were separated, and similar to what has been found in the 'decapitated sperm defect' in the guernsey breed, a high percentage of the loose tails were able to perform active movements. a third characteristic was a proximal bending or curling of the loose tail aroun ... | 1977 | 870880 |
| factors that influence milk cholesterol and lipid phosphorus: content and distribution. | average cholesterol content of 356 raw milk samples was 152.2 mug/ml and upon centrifugation (3000 x g for 8 min), 16.9% was distributed in the skim milk phase. lipid phosphorus averaged 19.0 mug/ml and was partitioned 50:50 between cream and skim milk phases. weight ratios of cholesterol to lipid phosphorus for milk and skim milk were 8.30:1 and 2.94:1. when variation due to milk yield, fat percent, and somatic cell numbers (deoxyribonucleic acid percent reflectance) was accounted for by least ... | 1976 | 956477 |
| chromosome anomalies in canadian guernsey bulls. | the performance records of a group of guernsey bulls used for artificial insemination revealed lower 60 to 90 day non-return rates as compared to that for bulls of the holstein breed, and nine out of the 19 guernsey bulls in this group exhibited fertility level below the average for this group. a cytogenetic survey to test whether or not the reduced fertility of these bulls was due to chromosome anomalies revealed a relatively high frequency of chromatid breaks and achromatic gaps in three out o ... | 1976 | 975837 |
| selenium and vitamin e and incidence of retained placenta in parturient dairy cows. ii. prevention in commercial herds with prepartum treatment. | in a series of field experiments in ohio involving 193 parturient cows of the holstein and guernsey breeds, the prophylactic efficacy of selenium and vitamin e was tested under field conditions. herds initially were chosen because of a chronic problem with retained placenta which could not be related to a known etiological factor. each herd was divided into three groups. group a received an injection of 50 mg of sodium selenite 40 days prepartum and 680 units of alpha tocopherol acetate followed ... | 1976 | 993413 |
| composition of milks of dairy cattle. i. protein, lactose, and fat contents and distribution of protein fraction. | milks from commercial dairy herds in southeastern pennsylvania were analyzed for total protein, casein, whey protein, beta-lactoglobulin, nonprotein nitrogen, and lactose contents. data for fat contents and milk yields were from dairy herd improvement association records for the same lactation. milk samples were from a single milking of healthy cows (151) in midlactation. since the remainder of the milk was returned to the bulk milk of the farm, the data represent market milk composition. the da ... | 1975 | 1141480 |
| analysis of the effect of inapparent bovine paratuberculosis. | inapparent paratuberculosis was studied in a guernsey herd with a history of paratuberculosis (johne's disease); the herd was maintained at between 900 and 950 cattle. fecal specimens and intestinal tissue specimens from any of these that were slaughtered were examined culturally for the presence of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. the reasons given for culling and slaughtering of cows from this herd were compared with infection status determined by culturing. less than one-third of the cultural ... | 1975 | 1147338 |
| influence of environmental heat on peripheral plasma progesterone and cortisol during the bovine estrous cycle. | plasm progesterone and cortisol were measured in jugular blood by competitive protein-binding assay. six cycling, estrus-synchronized guernsey heifers were followed for four consecutive estrous cycles under two controlled temperature (18.2 c, 55% relative humidity; and 33.5 c, 55% relative humidity) conditions. prolonged exposure to heat of guernsey heifers increased plasma progesterone on days 2 to 19 of the first cycle and only on days 2 to 8 of the second cycle. however, heat stress depressed ... | 1975 | 1239464 |
| alkaline phosphatase activity and pyridoxal phosphate concentrations in the milk of various species. | because pyridoxal phosphate does not normally cross membranes, it was intriguing that the concentration of pyridoxal phosphate is much higher in goat milk than in human milk. we also noted that, although the total vitamin b-6 concentration of bovine milk was similar to that of caprine milk, the bovine milk had lower pyridoxal phosphate. preliminary data from five alpine goats, five brown swiss cows, five holstein cows and three humans suggested that there was an inverse relationship between pyri ... | 1992 | 1453218 |
| risk factors for abomasal volvulus and left abomasal displacement in cattle. | a hospital-based case-control study was conducted to evaluate and compare risk factors for abomasal volvulus (av) and left displaced abomasum (lda) in cattle. medical record abstracts were derived from 17 north american veterinary schools by the veterinary medical data program for all cattle admitted between jan 1, 1977 and dec 31, 1986, and for those with a diagnosis of av or lda. from a total of 108,956 individual cattle records, 1,036 cases of av and 7,695 cases of lda were identified, with a ... | 1992 | 1497190 |
| crossbreeding effects in dairy cattle: the illinois experiment, 1949 to 1969. | a crossbreeding project involving the holstein and guernsey breeds was conducted at the illinois agricultural experiment station from 1949 to 1969. all surviving male calves, 989 of the 1061 born, were sold within 2 or 3 d following birth. all surviving female calves born in the first four generations, 723 of the 788 born, were given an opportunity to conceive and produce milk. those female calves born in the fifth generation (152 of 166 born) were placed in the university herd or sold to commer ... | 1992 | 1560149 |
| genetic polymorphism of the epithelial mucin, pas-i, in milk samples from the major dairy breeds. | genetic polymorphism in a mucin of the human milk fat globule arises from variable numbers of a tandemly repeated amino acid sequence. as a consequence, the gene from each parent expresses a variable-sized protein. this is manifest on sds gels in the form of either one or, more often, two protein bands, which differ among individuals in mobility. evidence of such polymorphism in the bovine mucin, pas-i, was first obtained from holstein milk samples. the objective of this study was to evaluate th ... | 1992 | 1569276 |
| genetic and phenotypic parameters for type and production in guernsey dairy cows. | heritabilities; genetic and phenotypic correlations for milk, fat, and protein production; and linear type traits were estimated from a sire model including sire relationships using multiple-trait reml. for the milk production traits, 68,109 first parity records were analyzed. heritabilities ranged from .31 to .37, genetic correlations between the milk production traits ranged from .80 to .92, and phenotypic correlations ranged from .86 to .94. linear type traits from 12,996 cows on 15 traits we ... | 1992 | 1578028 |
| body temperature and respiratory rate of lactating dairy cattle under field and chamber conditions. | a coordinated field and chamber experiment assessed breed, sire, and cow differences in body temperatures and respiratory rates. during each of 4 yr, 10 lactating ayrshire, guernsey, holstein, and jersey cows, 40 animals per yr, were observed in the field on 10 d when the air temperature approached 32 degrees c. for the first 3 yr, each cow also was exposed in a controlled atmospheric chamber at 40 degrees c and 34 mm hg vapor pressure. significant breed differences were found for body temperatu ... | 1991 | 1918528 |
| propachlor-s-glutathione metabolism by kidneys and ureters of calves. | six anesthetized 2- to 21-d-old male guernsey calves weighing 28 to 61 kg were used in experiments in which either the left kidney was perfused, via the left renal artery, or the left ureter was perfused with metabolites of propachlor (2-chloro-n-acetylacetanilide, a herbicide). the glutathione conjugate of propachlor (2-s-glutathionyl-n-acetylacetanilide) was metabolized by both kidney and ureter to the cysteine conjugate (2-s-cysteinyl-n-isopropylacetanilide). the glutathione conjugate was not ... | 1991 | 2061243 |
| upper-normal prediction limits of lymphocyte counts for cattle not infected with bovine leukemia virus. | a study was conducted to develop valid estimates of lymphocyte count (lc; cells per microliter) of individual, clinically normal dairy cattle. estimated weighted regression was used on repeated measures of individual lc to examine 6 models predicting lc as a function of age in cattle not infected with bovine leukemia virus. the generalized growth curve model of analysis of variance was used to estimate intercepts, slopes, and prediction limits for the models and to compare the lc-to-age relation ... | 1990 | 2156474 |
| a cross-sectional study of bluetongue virus and mycoplasma bovis infections in dairy cattle: i. the association between a positive antibody response and production efficiency. | in a cross-sectional study of bluetongue virus (btv) and mycoplasma bovis (m. bovis) infections, a sample of 572 california dairy cows was tested for the presence of antibodies to answer the question: is it possible to identify and to assess quantitatively the associations between positive antibody test and production? serum samples collected from these cows during december 1986 were tested for the presence of antibodies to btv and m. bovis using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). da ... | 1990 | 2178288 |
| effects of protein and energy supplementation of guernsey cows on the kinetics of digestion and passage of orchardgrass versus alfalfa. | four mature, nonlactating guernsey cows were used in a 4 x 4 latin square experiment to determine nutrient digestibility, rate of particulate passage, ruminal volume and composition of ruminal contents in cows fed diets at 80% of ad libitum intake. diets consisted of 100% alfalfa (al), 100% orchardgrass (og), 85% og plus 15% soybean meal (og + sbm) and 70% og plus 20% sbm plus 10% starch (og + sbm + s) on an as-fed basis. particulate passage rates were measured by either meal marking (ce) or rum ... | 1990 | 2384403 |
| preliminary report on bola polymorphism in guernsey cattle. | a total of 95 registered guernsey cows and heifers sired by 34 bulls were typed for class i antigens encoded by the bovine major histocompatibility complex (bola). a panel of alloantisera was used to detect 21 of the 33 internationally recognized bola specificities. fourteen bola specificities were detected in the herd using a standard lymphocyte microcytotoxicity test. the most frequent bola specificity detected was w6; but in 85% of these animals, a subtype of w6, either w17 (13.7%) or ur6.2 ( ... | 1989 | 2483405 |
| parturient paresis and hypocalcemia in ruminant livestock. | parturient paresis (hypocalcemia) is most likely to affect dairy cattle around the time of parturition. it causes progressive neuromuscular dysfunction and flaccid paralysis. older dairy cows, cows with a history of parturient paresis during a previous lactation, high-producing cows, and cows from the jersey and guernsey breeds are at highest risk for developing parturient paresis. nonparturient hypocalcemia may also occur and is related to events other than parturition, such as severe stress, t ... | 1988 | 3264754 |
| phenotypic and genetic relationship between linear functional type traits and milk yield for five breeds. | lactation records of cows first calving between 18 and 35 mo were combined with linear type ratings assigned during the same lactation if before 43 mo. phenotypic relationships were examined between final score and 13 type appraisal traits and first lactation milk yield from 2935 ayrshire, 3154 brown swiss, 13,110 guernsey, 50,422 jersey, and 924 milking shorthorn records. most phenotypic correlations between type and milk yield were low. linear correlations of final score with first lactation m ... | 1988 | 3410996 |
| associations of bovine blood and milk polymorphisms with lactation traits: guernseys. | first lactation milk yield and percentages of fat, solids-not-fat, and protein were analyzed in guernsey cows to determine relationships of production traits to genetic markers at 16 polymorphic loci. the polymorphic systems examined were blood groups a, b, c, f, j, l, m, s, and z; blood proteins transferrin, hemoglobin, and alkaline phosphatase; and milk proteins beta-lactoglobulin, alpha s1-casein, beta-casein, and kappa-casein. different statistical models were utilized to evaluate direct gen ... | 1987 | 3448110 |
| the proteolytic activity of milk fat, whey and casein for iodinated, extrinsic bovine igg1, igg2, siga and igm. | purified, iodinated bovine immunoglobulins (igs) were incubated with fresh guernsey milk or with the casein, fat and whey fraction of such milk for up to 12 hr at 37 degrees c. igs incubated in whole milk, showed little evidence of proteolysis in either the whey, fat or casein fractions although the amount of radioactivity which became associated with the latter two fractions prevented adequate analysis. when the individual milk fractions were first prepared and then incubated with iodinated igs ... | 1986 | 3492071 |
| influence of genetic differences in merit of mates on sire evaluation. | effect of nonrandomness of bulls' mates on daughter milk yield was examined from first lactation records of cows with birth dates in 1965 and later. results were based on 67,081 ayrshire, 77,633 brown swiss, 241,486 guernsey, 1,433,761 holstein, 291,201 jersey, and 10,465 milking shorthorn records. extent of assortative mating was examined. correlations between sire predicted difference and dam (mate) cow index for individual years ranged from -.08 to .20. correlations for all records within her ... | 1987 | 3571617 |
| effects of mild inbreeding on productive and reproductive performance of guernsey cattle. | production and reproduction records that spanned a 24-yr period were used to study the effects of low coefficients of inbreeding in two experiment station guernsey herds. inbreeding ranged from 0 to 25.3% and averaged 4.1%. milk and fat yields were all first lactations standardized to a mature equivalent, twice daily milking, and 305 d. intrasire regressions of production traits on percent inbreeding were -23.8 kg of milk, -1.25 kg of fat, and .002% for fat percentage. estimates of the effect of ... | 1987 | 3584610 |
| genetic relationships and additive genetic variation of productive and reproductive traits in guernsey dairy cattle. | data were first lactation production and reproduction records initiated from 1958 to 1981 in two experiment station guernsey herds. heritability estimates using paternal half sib groups were .24 +/- .12 for milk yield, .27 +/- .12 for fat yield, and .77 +/- .15 for fat percentage. heritability estimates for reproductive traits ranged from .01 to .04 for number of services, service period, conception rate, and days open, but were higher for days in milk at first breeding (.12) and age at first ca ... | 1987 | 3611482 |
| genetic and environmental effects upon reproductive performance of holstein crossbreds in the sudan. | data from a herd near khartoum for 1955 to 1977 were evaluated. climate was semidesert with most rainfall (151 of 165 mm) in july through september. mean maximum daily temperatures ranged from 30.7 (january) to 41.1 degrees c (may); mean minima were 14.6 degrees c (january) and 26.9 degrees c (june). original base population (1907) was butana with additions of butana, dairy shorthorn, ayrshire, guernsey, and holstein. breed groups and % holstein were 1, 0 to 25%; 2, 26 to 49%; 3, 50%; 4, 51 to 7 ... | 1986 | 3722531 |
| spray cooling effects on milk production, milk, and rectal temperatures of cows during a moderate temperate summer season. | during summer 1982, responses of lactating holstein and guernsey cows were measured by milk temperature recorded by a digital dataloger with thermocouples attached to boumatic flow meters. maximum air temperature and temperature-humidity index averaged 30.8 degrees c and 75.6 for july. breed did not affect milk temperature, but within-breed milk temperature increased with production. in a second study, benefits of spray cooling were evaluated with 24 holsteins in midlactation assigned randomly t ... | 1985 | 3998242 |
| changes of evaluation for natural-service sampled bulls brought into artificial insemination. | united states department of agriculture sire summary files were used to select bulls with a published modified contemporary comparison sire evaluation prior to entry into artificial insemination. canadian bulls were not included. of the brown swiss, guernsey, holstein, and jersey bulls that entered artificial insemination since 1974, 28 brown swiss, 19 guernseys, 298 holsteins, and 45 jerseys (4 to 12%) had natural service evaluations. of these bulls, 10 guernseys, 154 holsteins, and 28 jerseys ... | 1985 | 4019889 |
| histological measurement of fat content of liver of dairy cows. | a total of 275 liver biopsies were performed on dairy cows in 6 friesian and one guernsey herd during the first 2 weeks after calving. liver samples were processed by 2 independent histological procedures: (a) formalin-fixed frozen sections were stained with oil-red o (oro), or (b) samples fixed in glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide were embedded in plastic and sections stained with toluidine blue (tolb). the sections were then subjected to stereological point-counting procedures to assess the quan ... | 1985 | 4031137 |
| differences in modified contemporary comparison sire evaluations from first and later lactations by breed. | sire evaluations from three sets of daughter records, first records only (first), later records after firsts (later), and all records (all) by modified contemporary comparison procedures were used to examine differences in first and later lactation evaluations by breed. january 1984 evaluations for milk for 767 ayrshires, 3,175 guernsey, 29,498 holstein, 3,530 jersey, and 984 brown swiss bulls with 10 or more daughters in each set were used. average differences between evaluations (later minus f ... | 1985 | 4031194 |
| ultrastructural alterations of motor cortex synaptic junctions in brown swiss cattle with weaver syndrome. | an ultrastructural comparison was made between the motor cortex synapses of the brain of 4 adult brown swiss cattle with weaver syndrome and 2 healthy cattle (a holstein steer and a guernsey cow). compared with the healthy cattle, the paramembranous densities at synaptic junctions of cattle with weaver syndrome had a decreased mean height of the presynaptic dense projections (p less than 0.001), had significantly smaller peak-to-peak distances (p less than 0.001), and had a significantly decreas ... | 1985 | 4037501 |
| gene frequencies of electrophoretically determined polymorphisms in guernsey blood and milk. | | 1974 | 4835384 |
| uremia due to suppurative tubular and interstitial nephritis of hematogenous origin in a guernsey cow. | | 1970 | 5198016 |
| the significance of the cytoplasmic droplet in the disintegration of semen in guernsey bulls. | | 1966 | 5338579 |
| ultrastructure of the "decapitated sperm defect" in guernsey bulls. | | 1970 | 5528681 |
| effects of multiple feeding upon performance of guernsey heifers fed urea-treated corn silage. | | 1968 | 5639321 |
| complete albinism in a guernsey calt. | | 1968 | 5703382 |
| blood urea nitrogen in guernsey cattle. | | 1966 | 5948385 |
| effects of low-molecular weight iron polysaccharide and vitamin a upon the growth rate and hematologic values of female guernsey calves. | | 1967 | 6053539 |
| chemical classification of cattle. 1. breed groups. | from approximately 1000 papers with data on protein polymorphism in some 216 breeds of cattle, 10 polymorphic proteins were compared in means and variances of gene frequencies (arcsin p 1/2) for ten well-recognized breed groups for 196 of the breeds. the polymorphic proteins were alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, caseins (alpha s1, beta and chi), serum albumin, transferrin, haemoglobin, amylase i and carbonic anhydrase ii. the breed groups were north european, pied lowland, european red bra ... | 1980 | 6161570 |
| the use of genetic relationships among cattle breeds in the formulation of rational breeding policies: a re-examination of the example of the south devon and the gelbvieh. | it has been claimed that the origin of the south devon breed of cattle is 'unknown' and that biochemical polymorphisms '. . . indicate that gelbvieh and south devon had a common ancestry on the continent and are distinct from other british breeds such as hereford, angus and jersey' (kidd et al., 1974). in fact, historical records indicate that the south devon evolved largely from native devon cattle and is a close relative of other english lowland breeds such as the north devon and hereford. inf ... | 1982 | 6185019 |
| healing of experimentally induced wounds of mammary papilla (teat) of the cow: comparison of closure with tissue adhesive versus nonsutured wounds. | lacerations were surgically produced on the mammary papillae (teats) in 11 healthy dairy cows (10 holstein and 1 guernsey). chemical restraint and local anesthesia were used before the lacerations were done. twenty-one lacerations (10 front and 11 rear papillae) were apposed with synthetic adhesives. eight lacerated papillae (6 front and 2 rear) were allowed to heal without tissue apposition. healing was evaluated daily by palpation and visual inspection. histologic and subgross photomycrographi ... | 1984 | 6497095 |
| differences in morning and evening sample milkings and adjustment to daily weights and percents. | dairy herd improvement association sample-day data were analyzed 1) to explain variation of month-to-month differences of single milking yields and fat percents and 2) to develop adjustment factors for estimating daily yield and fat tests from a single milking. prior to analyses, single sample data were adjusted for month-to-month differences determined from standard two sample data. guernsey and holstein data involving 1,632 and 16,784 cows were available in the single sample files. analyses we ... | 1984 | 6538582 |
| pheochromocytomas and ultimobranchial (c-cell) neoplasms in the bull: evidence of autosomal dominant inheritance in the guernsey breed. | pheochromocytomas and ultimobranchial (c-cell) neoplasms were diagnosed at a high frequency in a family of guernsey bulls. the incidence supported the hypothesis of autosomal dominant inheritance of the neoplasms. these two neoplasms also occur in man as multiple endocrine adenomatosis type 2, which has autosomal dominant inheritance. | 1983 | 6623843 |
| mastication and rumination in relation to body size of cattle. | effect of body size on number of minutes per kilogram cell wall constituents spent chewing during eating and ruminating was studied in a total of 59 mature animals including 18 holstein cows, 12 jersey cows, 6 ayrshire cows, 11 guernsey cows, and 12 steers. larger animals were more efficient chewers, spending less time chewing per kilogram of ingested cell wall constituents. body size accounted for 52% and differences of intake of cell wall constituents accounted for an additional 22% of variabi ... | 1983 | 6643809 |
| effect of herd and sire on uniform functional type trait appraisal scores for ayrshires, guernseys, jerseys, and milking shorthorns. | type appraisal data supplied by united states breed organizations for ayrshires, guernseys, jerseys, and milking shorthorns were examined for genetic and environmental sources of variation. repeatabilities were highest for pelvic angle, udder depth, stature, suspensory ligament, and final score (.51 to .74) and lowest for foot shape (.15 to .29). variances and covariances were estimated from appraisals from 230 ayrshire, 352 guernsey, 699 jersey, and 51 milking shorthorn herds and represented 11 ... | 1983 | 6643811 |
| consideration of mates in ranking guernsey sires for type. | a chi-square test of goodness of fit indicated that many guernsey sires had mates not representative of the population. mates effect on sire ranking by progeny records, therefore, was examined for each of 12 traits of body conformation. sire rankings from two models including a random sire factor and fixed age, month, and herd-year factors were compared. one model contained dam's score as a covariate. eighty sires having 33,634 daughters with first scores were in the analysis. addition of mate's ... | 1983 | 6668381 |
| inbreeding of artificially bred dairy cattle in the northeastern united states. | inbreeding coefficients of artificially bred ayrshire, guernsey, holstein, jersey, and brown swiss cows were calculated from relationships between sires and maternal male ancestors. percentages of inbred cows and average inbreeding coefficients of inbred cows were: ayrshire, 26 and 11%; guernsey, 11 and 4%; holstein, 31 and 1%; jersey 23 and 2%; and brown swiss, 23 and 2%. percentages of inbred cows and average inbreeding coefficients of all cows increased over time whereas average coefficients ... | 1984 | 6707301 |
| genetic and environmental effects influencing guernsey type classification scores. | american guernsey cattle club type classification scores from 1956 through 1977 were examined. herd explained 7 to 15%, year 1 to 9%, and herd-year 9 to 23% of variation in type traits. age was important for most traits, increasing variation explained beyond a herd-year model by 1 to 7%. month of classification and classifier increased multiple correlation squared beyond the herd plus year model by .5% or less for all traits. two-way interactions between age, month of classification, and classif ... | 1983 | 6833587 |
| factors affecting iodine concentration of milk of individual cows. | variations were measured of iodine concentrations of milk during complete lactations of 36 holstein cows from the university of california herd in davis and 24 holstein and 12 guernsey cows from the california state university herd in fresno. at davis no iodine was added to the concentrate, whereas at fresno iodine as ethylene diamine dihydriodide was added to the concentrate at 4 ppm. at davis, the mean milk iodine concentration was 166 micrograms/kg; at fresno, the mean milk iodine concentrati ... | 1983 | 6875067 |
| frequency distribution of genetic markers in guernsey cattle. | ten polymorphic systems of blood antigens and blood proteins were analyzed in 6,802 guernsey cows from 77 herds and 11 states. the numbers of alleles identified with frequencies > 1% in the a, b, c, f, j, l, m, s, and z blood antigen systems and the alkaline phosphatase system were 3, 17, 11, 2, 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, and 2. gene frequencies were determined by maximum likelihood, allocation, and square root methods for the dominant systems and by the gene counting method for the codominant system. distr ... | 1980 | 6932407 |
| effect of ovarian activity and endogenous reproductive hormones on gnrh-induced ovarian cycles in postpartum dairy cows. | the objective was to determine the relationship of prior follicular development to gnrh-induced cyclic ovarian activity in dairy cows postpartum. sixty lactating holstein and guernsey cows from the university of missouri dairy herds were assigned at random to one of two groups. group i consisted of 20 cows (control) given a single intramuscular (im) injection of saline. group ii consisted of 40 cows given a single injection of 100 micrograms gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) im. treatments w ... | 1980 | 6988379 |
| cataplexy in a guernsey bull. | | 1980 | 7192025 |
| incidence and severity of fatty liver in dairy cows. | a survey of the incidence and severity of post-parturient fatty liver in high yielding dairy cows was carried out on 151 cows and 46 heifers from four friesian herds and one guernsey herd. in friesian and guernsey cows from the second lactation onwards fat occupied a significant proportion (15 to 32 per cent) of the hepatic parenchyma at one week after calving but decreased to low values at eight weeks after calving. fatty liver was insignificant in heifers of either breed. when the fatty liver ... | 1980 | 7210422 |
| acute trypanosoma vivax infection in dairy cattle in coast province, kenya. | in an outbreak of a fatal haemorrhagic disease in exotic dairy cattle (friesian, guernsey, ayrshire and jersey) on 2 farms in the coast province of kenya, and investigation was conducted to establish the aetiological agent involved. blood and lymph node smears made from clinically sick cattle indicated infection with trypanosoma vivax. five calves were then experimentally inoculated with heparinised blood from cows naturally infected with t. vivax. all calves had a high t. vivax parasitemia, mar ... | 1981 | 7233561 |
| bilateral lower palpebral demodicosis in a dairy cow. | a registered 3 year old guernsey heifer, recently fresh, was examined for sudden appearance of diffuse, firm swelling beneath both eyes. vital signs and physical examination were within normal limits; no lymphadenopathy was present. biopsy revealed a chronic eosinophilic granulomatous cellulitis and degenerate demodex bovis. the lesions selfresolved within three months. | 1981 | 7261591 |
| effects of age, temperature-season, and breed on blood characteristics of dairy cattle. | two hundred twenty four dairy cattle (6 mo to second calving) representing four breeds (169 holstein, 24 guernsey, 19 jersey, 12 brown swiss) were used to determine effects of age, temperature-season, and breed on blood characteristics. a total of 1183 blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture in the middle of each temperature-season. covariate age affected blood profile except for hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, and albumin. temperature-season increased o ... | 1981 | 7264021 |
| colostral immunoglobulin concentrations among breeds of dairy cattle. | colostral immunoglobulin concentrations were compared among five breeds of dairy cows. colostrum samples (3 to 4 kg) were obtained immediately after parturition from 19 ayrshire, 17 brown swiss, 12 guernsey, 19 holstein, and 5 jersey cows. average total colostral immunoglobulin was 8.1, 6.6, 6.3, 5.6, and 9.0% for them. colostrum from jerseys had the highest immunoglobulin g (6.65%), immunoglobulin a (1.86%), and immunoglobulin m (.53%) of all breeds. colostrum from holsteins was lowest in immun ... | 1981 | 7298971 |
| digestibility and associative effects of protected tallow. | two guernsey heifers were fed three mixtures: corn silage and wheat-corn-soy bean concentrate at 35 or 55% dry matter or this concentrate at 35% plus a protected tallow product (he, alta lipids, boise, id) at 18%. food intakes and fecal outputs were measured daily for 5-day periods, then pooled for analysis. digestibilities were calculated for each of the rations, then digestibilities of each ingredient were solved by simultaneous equations. for protected tallow, digestibilities were dry matter ... | 1980 | 7381088 |
| variants of somatotropin in cattle: gene frequencies in major dairy breeds and associated milk production. | the amino acid sequence of bovine somatotropin (bst) varies at position 127 where either valine or leucine is found. the frequencies of leucine127 and valine127 bst gene alleles in cows (n = 302) and sires (n = 70) from major dairy breeds (holstein, brown swiss, guernsey, jersey, and ayrshire) were determined using dna extracted from whole blood or spermatozoa. a 428 base pair fragment of the bst gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and variants of the bst gene were detected ... | 1993 | 7905813 |
| genetic variation in lactation means of somatic cell scores for six breeds of dairy cattle. | lactation means of somatic cell scores from sample days were used to estimate the components of variation for additive genetic, permanent environmental, and herd-sire interaction effects. data included records of 4314 ayrshire, 7845 brown swiss, 18,115 guernsey, 1,135,752 holstein, 67,862 jersey, and 787 milking shorthorn cows from across the us. records were preadjusted for length of lactation. fixed effects of herd-year, calving age, and calving month were included in animal models for estimat ... | 1994 | 8120197 |
| chewing activity and digestive responses of cows fed alfalfa forages. | nonlactating guernsey cows were fed alfalfa silage or coarsely chopped, coarsely chopped and reconstituted, or long alfalfa hays. a computer system was developed to monitor chewing activity. effects of diets upon chewing activity, digestibility, and ruminal parameters were determined. digestibilities of dm and n were lower for silage than for hays. cows fed silage had lower ruminal ammonia concentrations that were caused, at least in part, by greater bound n. digestibilities of dm, n, and fiber ... | 1993 | 8436671 |
| low incidence of citrullinemia carriers among dairy cattle of the united states. | bovine citrullinemia is an autosomal recessive disorder that is lethal in the early postnatal period. dairy bulls from the us were screened for citrullinemia genotype with a mutation-specific assay of semen or leukocyte dna. one heterozygote was detected among 367 us holstein bulls tested, corresponding to an incidence of .3%; dna sequencing showed that this bull (bull c) was heterozygous for the translation-termination mutation described as the cause of bovine citrullinemia. tests on daughters ... | 1993 | 8463494 |
| vetch toxicosis in cattle grazing vicia villosa ssp dasycarpa and v benghalensis. | the epidemiological, clinical and pathological features of a disease syndrome in adult cattle grazing woolly-pod vetch (vicia villosa ssp dasycarpa) or popany vetch (v benghalensis) are reported. outbreaks of toxicosis occurred between midwinter and midsummer in 3 dairy and 6 beef herds on the north coast of new south wales, between 1982 and 1992. friesian, angus, murray grey, guernsey and hereford breeds were affected. mean morbidity and case fatality rates in affected herds were 7% (65 of 889) ... | 1993 | 8494523 |
| effects of supplemental shade on thermoregulatory response of calves to heat challenge in a hutch environment. | holstein (n = 12) and guernsey (n = 6) calves, housed in hutches, were used to evaluate the complex relationships among external environment, housing microclimate, and thermal status of calves. the study was conducted during the summer; 9 calves were housed in hutches under supplemental shade, and 9 calves were maintained in hutches under direct sunlight. environmental and calf temperatures were measured twice daily at 0700 and 1500 h, which included determinations of air temperature, inner and ... | 1996 | 8744229 |
| phenotypic relationship of yield and type scores from first lactation with herd life and profitability. | milk records from ayrshire, brown swiss, guernsey, jersey, and milking shorthorn cows that first calved between 18 and 35 mo were combined with scores for linear type traits collected before 43 mo during first lactation to study herd life and lifetime profitability. profitability (discounted relative net income) was the value of milk, calves, and cow salvage minus fixed costs, operating costs, and cow depreciation costs. cows were included if they appeared only in a single herd and if the herd r ... | 1996 | 8744235 |
| an assessment of host resistance to ticks on cross-bred cattle in burundi. | groups of cattle of four different cross-breeds (ankole x friesian, ankole x brown-swiss, ankole x guernsey, ankole x sahiwal) plus a group of pure ankole cattle were immunized against tick-borne diseases: east coast fever, using a theileria parva trivalent vaccine, and anaplasmosis, babesiosis and, subsequently, heartwater. with the exception of two small subgroups of ankole and ankole x sahiwal which were treated by weekly spraying using delnav, all the groups were exposed to natural field cha ... | 1996 | 8834737 |
| response of dairy cows treated with bovine somatotropin to a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin f2 alpha. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the timing of follicular waves in cows treated with bovine somatotropin (bst) by measuring ovarian responses to a luteolytic dose of pgf 2 alpha on d 12 of the estrous cycle. thirty lactating cows (26 holstein and 4 guernsey) were assigned to receive bst (500 mg; n = 18) or saline (control; 1.5 ml; n = 12) every 14 d for three injection cycles. on d 12 of a synchronized estrous cycle, cows were injected with pgf 2 alpha to induce luteolysis. following ... | 1997 | 9058269 |
| colostral immunoglobulin concentrations in holstein and guernsey cows. | to compare the concentration of igg in colostrum between holstein and guernsey cows and among cows of various lactations. | 1999 | 10490085 |
| selection and mating considering expected inbreeding of future progeny. | animals most related or least related to current members of their breed were revealed by calculating the expected inbreeding of their future progeny. a sample of potential mates was chosen by randomly selecting 600 females from a recent birth year (1995). relationships among the sample were computed by the tabular method. relationships of other animals to the sample population were computed quickly from the relationships of their parents or ancestors. to-mar blackstar-et and round oak rag apple ... | 1999 | 10629825 |
| deep digital flexor tenotomy for treatment of severe laminitis in a cow. | a first-calf guernsey cow was referred for evaluation of severe udder edema, mastitis, metritis, and ketosis. during the course of treatment, the cow became recumbent and was unable to rise. intensive treatment resulted in the cow being able to stand for short periods with the aid of a sling. however, severe pressure necrosis of the udder and ongoing mastitis made performance of a complete mastectomy necessary. after surgery, the cow's condition improved, although assistance in standing was stil ... | 2001 | 11549095 |
| indirect prediction of herd life in guernsey dairy cattle. | production and type data were used to investigate the relationships of these traits with herd life data in us guernsey cows that calved from 1985 through 1990. two definitions of herd life were used: actual days from birth to disposal (true herd life) and herd life adjusted for milk production (functional herd life). genetic parameters were calculated with data from cows that had an opportunity to reach 84 mo of age (n = 18,725). linear type traits were preadjusted for stage of lactation and age ... | 2002 | 12086068 |
| controlling inbreeding by constraining the average relationship between parents of young bulls entering ai progeny test programs. | in breeding is known to impair the health, fertility, and productivity of dairy cattle and other livestock species. mating programs can address inbreeding concerns on the farm, at least in the short term, but long-term control of inbreeding in a dairy population requires consideration of relationships between young bulls entering ai progeny test programs. the present study discusses an application of optimal contribution methodology to selection of young ai bulls in the five major us dairy breed ... | 2002 | 12362471 |
| timeliness and effectiveness of progeny testing through artificial insemination. | progeny-test (pt) programs of us artificial-insemination (ai) organizations were examined to determine timeliness of sampling, pt daughter distribution, rate of return of pt bulls to widespread service, and genetic merit of pt bulls compared with ai-proven and natural-service (ns) bulls. bull age at semen release and at birth and calving of pt daughters was documented by breed (ayrshire, brown swiss, guernsey, holstein, jersey, and milking shorthorn) for bulls that entered ai service since 1960. ... | 2003 | 12741578 |
| genotype x environment interaction for milk production in guernsey cattle. | international genetic evaluations that use national genetic evaluation results as input need to acknowledge country boundaries. the current model for international evaluation treats each country as a genetically separate trait, i.e., assumes milk production to be similar within country, but different between countries. the use of cow performance records does not require such restriction, and allows for other statistical models to consider genotype x environment interaction. first-lactation recor ... | 2003 | 12778593 |
| a persistent right aortic arch in a guernsey bull. | | 1953 | 13094932 |
| adenohypophyseal aplasia, an inherited defect associated with abnormal gestation in guernsey cattle. | | 1957 | 13397189 |
| lack of slow-alpha proteins in some guernsey cattle. | | 1958 | 13566241 |
| vitamin a therapy for "winter ringworm" in guernsey cattle. | | 1964 | 14126261 |
| prolonged gestation in two guernsey cows. | | 1952 | 14936436 |
| type trait (co)variance components for five dairy breeds. | (co)variance components were estimated for final score and 14 or 15 linear type traits for the ayrshire, brown swiss, guernsey, jersey, and milking shorthorn breeds. appraisals from 1995 or later were used. new estimates were calculated to accommodate changes in scoring of traits and because of a change from multiplicative to additive adjustment for age and lactation stage. the adjustment method was changed for better support of the adjustment for heterogeneous variance within iteration, which w ... | 2004 | 15328248 |
| breed relationships and definition in british cattle: a genetic analysis. | the genetic diversity of eight british cattle breeds was quantified in this study. in all, 30 microsatellites from the fao panel of markers were used to characterise the dna samples from nearly 400 individuals. a variety of methods were applied to analyse the data in order to look at diversity within and between breeds. the relationships between breeds were not highly resolved and breed clusters were not associated with geographical distribution. analyses also defined the cohesiveness or definit ... | 2004 | 15329667 |
| recent evolution in milk secretion of guernsey cattle. | | 1925 | 16576930 |
| survival rates and productive herd life of dairy cattle in the united states. | survival rates and productive herd life were examined for 13.8 million us dairy cows that calved from january 1, 1980, through march 2, 2005. cows that left the herd for dairy purposes or were from herds that discontinued dairy herd improvement testing were excluded from any calculations to prevent underestimation of population longevity. mean lactation length for cows without subsequently recorded lactations ranged from 205 to 235 d across breed-parity subsets and were 4 to 29 d longer for pari ... | 2006 | 16899708 |
| genetic parameters and evaluation of rear legs (rear view) for brown swiss and guernseys. | genetic parameters were estimated for rear legs (rear view; rlrv) and 15 current linear type traits of brown swiss and guernsey dairy cattle. the brown swiss cattle breeders' association of the usa and the american guernsey association began scoring rlrv in 2004. for brown swiss, 8,502 records were available for 7,676 cows in 417 herds; guernsey data included 5,437 records for 4,749 cows in 229 herds. nine unknown-parent groups were defined for each breed, each with 2 birth years. the model incl ... | 2006 | 17106120 |
| polymorphism of bovine beta-casein and its potential effect on human health. | proteins in bovine milk are a common source of bioactive peptides. the peptides are released by the digestion of caseins and whey proteins. in vitro the bioactive peptide beta-casomorphin 7 (bcm-7) is yielded by the successive gastrointestinal proteolytic digestion of bovine beta-casein variants a1 and b, but this was not seen in variant a2. in hydrolysed milk with variant a1 of beta-casein, bcm-7 level is 4-fold higher than in a2 milk. variants a1 and a2 of beta-casein are common among many dai ... | 2007 | 17666771 |
| new aspects in the pathogenesis of abomasal displacement. | impaired abomasal motility and an increased accumulation of gas are prerequisites for displacement of the abomasum in the cow. predisposing factors are the breed (e.g. holstein-friesian, simmental-red-holstein cross breeds and guernsey), genetic background, twin pregnancy, first weeks of lactation, metabolic disorders (ketosis, increased lipomobilisation, insulin resistance), high-concentrate and low-fibre diets, as well as other concomitant diseases, such as endometritis, mastitis and claw diso ... | 2009 | 18397836 |
| phenotypic analysis of pregnancy effect on milk, fat, and protein yields of canadian ayrshire, jersey, brown swiss, and guernsey breeds. | pregnancy has a negative impact on milk production in dairy cattle. estimates of the effects of pregnancy are required in genetic evaluation models. test-day records of ayrshire, jersey, brown swiss, and guernsey breeds were analyzed phenotypically for the effect of pregnancy using 4 different models. milk, fat, and protein yields were analyzed separately. the first model used a fourth-order legendre polynomial regression on days in milk within classes of 10 d open. the second model fitted stage ... | 2009 | 19233823 |
| genetic evaluation of lactation persistency for five breeds of dairy cattle. | cows with high lactation persistency tend to produce less milk than expected at the beginning of lactation and more than expected at the end. best prediction of lactation persistency is calculated as a function of trait-specific standard lactation curves and linear regressions of test-day deviations on days in milk. because regression coefficients are deviations from a tipping point selected to make yield and lactation persistency phenotypically uncorrelated it should be possible to use 305-d ac ... | 2009 | 19389984 |
| international genetic evaluation for direct longevity in dairy bulls. | the aims of this study were to document, present, and discuss the procedure used to calculate the international estimated breeding value (ebv) for longevity for brown swiss, guernsey, holstein, jersey, red dairy cattle, and simmental breeds. data from 19 countries and 123,833 national sires' breeding value were used for this purpose. trait definitions and national genetic evaluation procedures were first summarized; and this showed that differences among countries existed. international breeding ... | 2009 | 19389992 |
| short communication: growth hormone receptor expression in two dairy breeds during the periparturient period. | the growth hormone receptor (ghr) 1a mrna decreases after calving in the liver of holstein dairy cows and may coordinate nutrient partitioning. the hypothesis that the decrease in ghr1a mrna around the time of calving was characteristic of a second dairy breed was tested by examining guernsey cows in addition to holstein cows. holstein and guernsey cows were housed together and paired by parity and expected calving date. liver biopsies and blood samples were collected prepartum (d -20 +/- 1) and ... | 2009 | 19448004 |
| technical note: a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay blood test for pregnancy in dairy and beef cattle. | the ruminant trophoblast produces pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (pag) that can be detected in the blood of pregnant animals. the objective was to determine the accuracy of a rapid elisa pag-based test for the purpose of pregnancy detection in cattle. blood was sampled from dairy cattle (539 holstein cows, 173 holstein heifers, 73 guernsey cows, 22 guernsey heifers, and 12 jersey heifers) and crossbred beef cattle (145 cows and 46 heifers) that were >or=25 d after insemination (range = 25 to ... | 2009 | 19620665 |
| snps in the bovine il-10 receptor are associated with somatic cell score in canadian dairy bulls. | altering the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses can influence an animal's susceptibility to acute or chronic inflammatory disease; bovine mastitis is no exception. genetic variation in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) may alter the function and expression of genes that regulate inflammation, making them important candidates for defining an animal's risk of developing acute or chronic mastitis. the objective of the present study was to identify snps in genes th ... | 2009 | 19641966 |
| milk yield and quality in guernsey cows fed cottonseed cake-based diets partially substituted with baobab (adansonia digitata l.) seed cake. | the objective of this study was to determine the effects of partially substituting cottonseed cake with graded levels of baobab (adansonia digitata l.) seed cake (bsc) on milk yield and quality in guernsey cows. sixteen cows in mid-lactation and in their third parity were allocated to diets containing 0% (control), 5%, 10%, and 15% bsc in a completely randomized design. each cow was given a daily feed ration of 6 kg and a basal diet of soya bean stover ad libitum. there were no differences in da ... | 2011 | 20652741 |