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sylvatic american trypanosomiasis in argentina. trypanosoma cruzi infection in mammals from the chaco forest in santiago del estero.trypanosoma cruzi infection in sylvatic mammals of the quebracho woods of the eastern part of santiago del estero province, argentina, was studied from october 1984 to december 1987. 301 mammals of 20 different species were caught. t. cruzi, characterized biologically and biochemically, was isolated by xenodiagnosis from 23 of 72 (32%) didelphis albiventris opposums, 2/36 (5.5%) conepatus chinga skunks, and one ferret (galictis cuja). 53 opossum refuges were located and triatomine bugs were foun ...19921566301
population dynamics of triatoma infestans under natural climatic conditions in the argentine chaco.using experimental chicken houses at a site in central argentina where the bug triatoma infestans (klug) is endemic, nine populations of this vector of chagas disease were monitored during a 34-month period. bug populations with four chickens as hosts were consistently larger than those with two chickens as hosts. age structure of the bug population followed a similar pattern irrespective of the initial age structure. egg to adult mortality was consistently around 98.5% and there was no consiste ...19892519662
reinfestation sources for chagas disease vector, triatoma infestans, argentina.reinfestation by triatoma infestans after insecticide spraying has caused elimination efforts in the dry chaco region to fail repeatedly. the sources and spatial extent that need to be considered to understand the reinfestation pattern and to plan a comprehensive control program were studied in 2 adjacent rural communities in northwestern argentina from 1993 to 1997. the effects of external, residual, and primary sources on the reinfestation pattern were evaluated by using geographic information ...200616836826
first finding of melanic sylvatic triatoma infestans (hemiptera: reduviidae) colonies in the argentine chaco.triatoma infestans (klug), the most important vector of chagas disease in southern south america, is a highly domiciliated species with well-known sylvatic foci only in the bolivian andean valleys and in the bolivian chaco, where melanic insects designated as "dark morphs" were found. after the tentative identification of two melanic bugs collected from parrot nests in a forest reserve in the argentine chaco as t. infestans, we conducted an intensive search there using mouse-baited sticky traps ...200919769054
immunochemical properties of the antigens of triatoma infestans.taxonomically related to the cockroach periplaneta americana (pa), triatoma infestans (ti) is an insect that parasitizes two-thirds of argentina and acts as a vector for american trypanosomiasis. the glycoproteins obtained by a sephadex g-150 column fractionation from the whole-body extract prepared with the chitinous structures revealed antigenicity in rabbits, which developed specific igg after 8 weeks of immunization, as detected by several serological techniques. atopic patients living in th ...19921342895
sustainability of vector control strategies in the gran chaco region: current challenges and possible approaches.sustainability has become a focal point of the international agenda. at the heart of its range of distribution in the gran chaco region, the elimination of triatoma infestans has failed, even in areas subject to intensive professional vector control efforts. chagas disease control programs traditionally have been composed of two divorced entities: a vector control program in charge of routine field operations (bug detection and insecticide spraying) and a disease control program in charge of scr ...200919753458
spatial stratification of house infestation by triatoma infestans in la rioja, argentina.vectorial transmission of chagas disease has been decreasing over the past few decades because of effective vector control programs in the southern cone of south america. however, the disease is still actively transmitted within the gran chaco region. in this area, vector populations are abundant and highly prevalent in poor rural houses. this study analyses the spatial pattern of rural house infestation by triatoma infestans in a 56,000 km(2) area in the province of la rioja, argentina, before ...200919270290
phenotypic diversity of triatoma infestans at the microgeographic level in the gran chaco of argentina and the andean valleys of bolivia.triatoma infestans (klug) is the main vector of trypanosoma cruzi, etiologic agent of chagas disease. the phenotype of the species varies at different geographic scales. the objective of this study was to compare the antennal phenotype of spatially close t. infestans populations and to evaluate its usefulness as a marker of exchange of individuals between populations. the antennal phenotype of 190 t. infestans from argentina and bolivia was analyzed using uni- and multivariate techniques. this s ...200818714865
molecular epidemiology of domestic and sylvatic trypanosoma cruzi infection in rural northwestern argentina.genetic diversity of trypanosoma cruzi populations and parasite transmission dynamics have been well documented throughout the americas, but few studies have been conducted in the gran chaco ecoregion, one of the most highly endemic areas for chagas disease, caused by t. cruzi. in this study, we assessed the distribution of t. cruzi lineages (identified by pcr strategies) in triatoma infestans, domestic dogs, cats, humans and sylvatic mammals from two neighbouring rural areas with different hist ...200818585717
sustainable vector control and management of chagas disease in the gran chaco, argentina.chagas disease remains a serious obstacle to health and economic development in latin america, especially for the rural poor. we report the long-term effects of interventions in rural villages in northern argentina during 1984-2006. two community-wide campaigns of residual insecticide spraying immediately and strongly reduced domestic infestation and infection with trypanosoma cruzi in triatoma infestans bugs and dogs and more gradually reduced the seroprevalence of children <15 years of age. be ...200717913895
impact of community-based vector control on house infestation and trypanosoma cruzi infection in triatoma infestans, dogs and cats in the argentine chaco.the relative impact of two community-based vector control strategies on house infestation by triatoma infestans and trypanosoma cruzi infection in bugs, domestic dogs and cats was assessed in two neighboring rural areas comprising 40 small villages and 323 houses in one of the regions most endemic for chagas disease in northern argentina. the prevalence and abundance of domestic infestation were 1.5- and 6.5-fold higher, respectively, in the area under pulsed, non-supervised control actions oper ...200717686448
infestation of rural houses by triatoma infestans in the region of los llanos (la rioja, argentina).vectorial transmission of chagas disease has been strongly reduced in most parts of the southern cone countries of south america, except in the gran chaco region of argentina, bolivia, and paraguay. given periodical interruptions of the vector control programmes in the endemic region of the gran chaco of argentina, the vectorial transmission of the disease has been increasing during the last years. from the beginning of 2004, the provincial ministry of health of la rioja, argentina, started a ve ...200717294001
infestation of rural houses by triatoma infestans (hemiptera: reduviidae) in southern area of gran chaco in argentina.the impact of control activities against triatoma infestans (klug) (hemiptera: reduviidae) in south america has a marked contrast within and outside the gran chaco region. development of a geographic information system, as part of an improvement in control program activities, allowed analysis of the spatial pattern of house infestations by t. infestans before and after house spraying with deltamethrin in the san martin department (an arid chaco region of central argentina). the overall peridomes ...200617017246
incidence of trypanosoma cruzi infection among children following domestic reinfestation after insecticide spraying in rural northwestern argentina.following increasing reinfestation with triatoma infestans after insecticide spraying, the household incidence of infection with trypanosoma cruzi in children was positively related to the domestic abundance of infected t. infestans and the presence or proportion of infected dogs or cats in amamá, a rural village in northwestern argentina. seven (12.1%) children seronegative for antibodies to t. cruzi at baseline, with no history of travel or blood transfusion, seroconverted after three years. s ...200516014842
chagas disease in rural areas of chaco province, argentina: epidemiologic survey in humans, reservoirs, and vectors.we studied the seroprevalence of antibodies against trypanosoma cruzi in the human population along with domiciliary infestation by triatomine bugs in an area endemic for chagas disease in the chaco province of argentina. in addition, we carried out parasitologic surveys in patients, dogs, wild mammals, and vectors. the mean seroprevalence in humans was 27.81% (109 of 392) and 24.14% (63 of 261) in 1-15-year-old children. the minimum domiciliary infestation rate was 13.33%, with certain areas re ...200415569789
mitochondrial dna variation of triatoma infestans populations and its implication on the specific status of t. melanosoma.dna sequence comparison of 412 base-pairs fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was used to infer the genetic structure of nine geographical triatoma infestans populations and their phylogenetic relationship with t. melanosoma and t. brasiliensis. t. infestans and t. melanosoma were compared by morphometry, allozyme and cytogenetic analyses, as well as subjected to reciprocal crosses, in order to clarify the taxonomic status of the latter. no differences were found to distinguish the ...199910677723
evaluation of dogs as sentinels of the transmission of trypanosoma cruzi in a rural area of north-western argentina.dogs, the main domestic reservoirs of trypanosoma cruzi in the argentine chaco, may be useful as sentinels of vector-mediated transmission of trypanosoma cruzi in control programmes if canine infections acquired by all other routes could be excluded. in the present study, in the province of santiago del estero, argentina, the dog populations in the neighbouring villages of amamá, trinidad, mercedes, villa matilde and pampa pozo were studied immediately before spraying of residual insecticides (i ...19989924546
phenotypic variability and population structure of peridomestic triatoma infestans in rural areas of the arid chaco (western argentina): spatial influence of macro- and microhabitats.abstract triatoma infestans, one of the main vectors of trypanosoma cruzi, is strongly associated with rural human ecotopes. infested peridomestic places could act as a source of house infestation as a result of the movement of vectors among habitats. the quantitative study of phenotypic traits and nutritional variables could be informative about the population structure and the relative mobility of vectors. this is the first approach toward analyzing the phenetic characteristics of t. infestans ...201020925525
long-term reduction of trypanosoma cruzi infection in sylvatic mammals following deforestation and sustained vector surveillance in northwestern argentina.long-term variations in the dynamics and intensity of sylvatic transmission of trypanosoma cruzi were investigated around eight rural villages in the semiarid argentine chaco in 2002-2004 and compared to data collected locally in 1984-1991. of 501 wild mammals from 13 identified species examined by xenodiagnosis, only 3 (7.9%) of 38 didelphis albiventris opossums and 1 (1.1%) of 91 conepatus chinga skunks were infected by t. cruzi. the period prevalence in opossums was four-fold lower in 2002-20 ...200616839513
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