| the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis on iowa swine farms with an emphasis on the roles of free-living mammals. | multiparous sows from 19 central iowa swine farms were tested for antibodies against toxoplasma gondii by the modified direct agglutination test. antibody titers of 1:32 or greater were considered positive. rodents, domestic cats, opossums (didelphis virginiana), raccoons (procyon lotor) and striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) were live-trapped on each farm and similarly tested for antibodies. the overall prevalence of t. gondii antibodies in the species tested was 39/273 (14.3%) swine, 31/74 (41 ... | 1992 | 1496780 |
| enzootic toxoplasmosis in sheep in north-central united states. | of 1,564 serum samples from adult ewes from 33 farms in iowa, minnesota, south dakota, kansas, and nebraska where toxoplasmosis-induced ovine abortions had been diagnosed, 65.5% were found positive for toxoplasma gondii antibodies using the modified agglutination test. toxoplasma gondii antibody titers of ewes were: less than 64 (34.5%), 64 (14.9%), 256 (22.0%), 1,024 (14.5%), and greater than 4,096 (13.8%). thus, 28.3% of sheep had high titers (greater than 1,024) indicating recently acquired t ... | 1989 | 2795369 |
| toxoplasma gondii in iowa sows: comparison of antibody titers to isolation of t. gondii by bioassays in mice and cats. | hearts of 1,000 pigs killed at an abattoir in iowa were bioassayed for the prevalence of tissue cysts of toxoplasma gondii. one hundred grams of cardiac muscle from each pig was homogenized, digested in pepsin solution, and bioassayed in 10 mice. five hundred grams of heart tissue from each of a subset of 183 pigs was also bioassayed in cats. serum collected from the heart from each pig was assayed for anti-t. gondii antibodies in the modified agglutination test using formalin-fixed whole tachyz ... | 1995 | 7876977 |
| seroprevalence of and risk factors for toxoplasma gondii in the us swine herd using sera collected during the national animal health monitoring survey (swine 2006). | the united states department of agriculture (usda) initiated the national animal health monitoring system (nahms) in 1983 to collect, analyse and disseminate data on animal health, management and productivity in us domestic livestock populations, including swine. the programme includes an on-farm serological sampling component which can be used to monitor seroprevalence of various pathogens, including toxoplasma gondii. the purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of t. gondii i ... | 2010 | 19744304 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies among veterinary college staff and students, iowa state university. | serum samples obtained from two groups within the college of veterinary medicine, iowa state university, were examined for toxoplasma gondii antibodies. serum samples from 65 (26.0%) of the 250 persons examined yielded a titer of 1:16 or greater by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. a prevalence of 33.3% was obtained for 108 veterinary medical research institute (vmri) personnel. fof 142 veterinary students, the reactive rate was 20.4%. there was a marked difference of results within the st ... | 1976 | 825918 |
| epizootics of ovine abortion due to toxoplasma gondii in north central united states. | toxoplasma-induced abortions were diagnosed in 14 flocks of sheep, 4 in minnesota, 2 in iowa, and 8 in south dakota, during the 1982-1983 lambing season. toxoplasma gondii was seen in histologic sections from 6 placentas and from brains of 2 lambs. toxoplasma antibody was found by dye test and agglutination test in thoracic fluid of 15 fetal lambs. lesions typical of toxoplasmosis were seen in fetal placentas from 26 ewes. | 1984 | 6725100 |
| prevalence of toxoplasmosis in swine from iowa. | of swine from 104 herds, 2,616 were tested for antibodies against toxoplasma gondii, using an elisa. data were analyzed according to swine type, herd size, facility type, and season. the true prevalence of toxoplasmosis was estimated as 5.4% among finishing swine and 11.4% among sows and gilts. herds with less than 100 breeding swine were significantly (p less than 0.05) more likely to be infected than were herds with greater than or equal to 100 breeding swine. the rate of seropositivity in bre ... | 1990 | 2298652 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in raccoons. | serum samples from 427 raccoons (93 from pennsylvania, 45 from new jersey, 72 from south carolina, 68 from virginia, 30 from iowa, and 119 from ohio) were evaluated for toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dilutions of 1:25, 1:50, and 1:500. the distribution of t gondii antibody titers was less than 1:25 for 212 raccoons (49.6%), 1:25 for 34 raccoons (7.9%), 1:50 for 117 raccoons (27.4%), and greater than or equal to 1:500 for 64 raccoons (14.9%). tissue cysts were seen in the liver, and tachyzoites ... | 1992 | 1559896 |
| isolate designation and characterization of toxoplasma gondii isolates from pigs in the united states. | pigs are considered to be the most important meat source of toxoplasma gondii for humans in the united states. in the present study, 168 t. gondii isolates (designated tgpgus15-182) from various sources were genotyped using 10 polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) markers (sag1, sag2, sag3, btub, gra6, c22-8, c29-2, l358, pk1, and apico). genotyping data from an additional 14 isolates collected from t. gondii-infected pigs in maryland were included for ana ... | 2009 | 19245283 |
| seroprevalence of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii antibodies in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from iowa and minnesota using four serologic tests. | the white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) is considered one of the most important wildlife reservoirs of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in the us. sera from white-tailed deer from minnesota and iowa were tested for antibodies to n. caninum by four serologic tests including the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test (cut-off 1:25), neospora caninum agglutination test (cut-off 1:25), an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay, and western blot (wb). sera were also tested for antibodies ... | 2009 | 19285809 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging mammals in iowa. | serum samples from raccoons (procyon lotor), striped skunks (mephitis mephitis), virginia opossums (didelphis virginiana), and free-ranging house cats trapped in iowa between 1984 and 1988 were tested for antibodies against toxoplasma gondii using the modified direct agglutination test (mat). antibody titers > or = 1:32 were considered indicative of infection. prevalence rates by species were estimated for raccoons at 134/885 (15%), skunks at 38/81 (47%), opossums at 12/53 (23%), and cats at 16/ ... | 1998 | 9813854 |
| genotypic analysis of toxoplasma gondii isolates from pigs. | to determine the prevalence of the 3 primary clonal lineages of toxoplasma gondii (strain types i, ii, and iii) in a potential food source of infection for humans, we analyzed 43 isolates of t. gondii that had been collected from pigs at an abattoir in iowa. parasites were harvested as in vitro-grown tachyzoites, and their genotypes were determined at the sag1 and sag2 loci. on the basis of the allele identified at the sag2 locus, isolates were grouped into 1 of the 3 primary lineages. type ii s ... | 1998 | 9645877 |