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human and experimental anisakiasis in the united states.in the past 13 years, 24 cases of anisakiasis have been reported in the united states. of these, 14 were infections by phocanema sp. and found in california and alaska, and most were of the tissue non-invasive type. the remaining 10 cases were infections by larvae of anisakis type i (l3 and l4). of these 10 cases, 4 were found on the west coast, 5 were on the east coast and one was in hawaii. in 3 of the 10 cases, the parasite invaded the digestive tract. a characteristic symptom of the throat n ...19863527918
landscape epidemiology of mosquito-borne canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) in northern california, usa. i. community-based surveys of domestic dogs in three landscapes. 19846141294
aedes vexans and aedes sierrensis (diptera: culicidae): potential vectors of dirofilaria immitis in tehama county, northern california, usa. 19827120293
prevalence of heartworm (dirofilaria immitis leidy) in coyotes from five northern california counties.prevalence rates of heartworm in coyotes was estimated for five northern california counties by examining hearts of coyotes obtained from federal or private trappers. prevalence rates range from 8.3-27.3%, but the proportion of infected coyotes can vary between two regions of the same county. in general, it seems that higher infection rates are found in the foothill regions of the coastal range and sierra nevada, decreasing towards the floor of the sacramento valley as well as at higher elevatio ...19827125062
endemicity of dirofilaria immitis and dipetalonema reconditum in dogs of pleasants valley, northern california.a house-to-house survey of dogs in a 26-km2 area of pleasants valley (northern california) was done to determine the prevalence of the filariids dirofilaria immitis leidy and dipetalonema reconditum grassi in the canine population. blood samples were taken from the cephalic vein of 97 dogs (greater than or equal to 5 months of age) and were tested for the presence of microfilariae, using a modification of the knott technique. two dogs with autochthonous d immitis (2.1% of the dogs examined) were ...19817194612
coyotes and canine heartworm in california.adult dirofilaria immitis were found in the hearts of 43 of 115 coyotes (canis latrans) trapped within a 50 km radius of the el dorado county seat. of mature coyotes, 45% were positive, with worm numbers averaging 9.0 in females and 16.2 in males. d. immitis microfilariae occurred in the peripheral blood and in lung smears. microfilariae of dipetalonema reconditum were present in 14 of the coyotes examined (12%). several coyotes showed enlarged hearts with gross pathological changes.19807431518
serologic survey and serum biochemical reference ranges of the free-ranging mountain lion (felis concolor) in california.serum samples from 58 mountain lions (felis concolor) in california (usa) were collected between april 1987 and february 1990. nineteen serum samples were used for serum biochemistry determinations; the ranges were similar to reference values in domestic cats, captive exotic felidae and free-ranging mountain lions. a serological survey was conducted to determine whether antibodies were present against selected infectious agents. fifty-four (93%) of 58 sera had antibodies against feline panleukop ...19948028105
pulmonary dirofilariasis in california. 19938470398
increasing prevalence of canine heartworm in coyotes from california.thirty-seven subadult and adult coyotes (canis latrans), collected august 1992 through december 1996 from a coastal foothill area in northern california (usa), were examined for adult heartworm (dirofilaria immitis). during 1992 through 1993, at the end of a 6 yr drought, none of four coyotes examined were infected with heartworms. however, during 1994 through 1996, after the drought had ended, prevalences were 91% in 23 adult coyotes and 40% in 10 subadult coyotes. heartworm intensity did not d ...19989577791
vector competence of two species of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from southern california for dirofilaria immitis (filariidea: onchocercidae).two species of mosquitoes reared to adults from field-collected larvae or egg rafts in or near los angeles county, ca, were exposed to dogs with known levels of dirofilaria immitis (leidy) microfilariae per 20 cubic millimeters of blood. aedes taeniorhynchus (wiedemann) readily blood fed on an infected dog ingested microfilariae but did not become infected. culiseta incidens (thomson) also fed on an infected dog became infected, and 10% of the microfilariae developed to the l3 stage. cs. inciden ...200010730504
spatial and temporal variation in the seroprevalence of canine heartworm antigen in the island fox.island foxes (urocyon littoralis) are endemic to six of the eight california channel islands (usa). the island fox is classified as a threatened species by the state of california, and recently three of the six subspecies have experienced abrupt population declines. as part of a continuing effort to determine the cause of the declines, we tested island fox serum samples collected in 1988 (n = 176) and 1997-98 (n = 156) over the entire geographic range of the species for seroprevalence of canine ...200011085434
reconstructing the spread of dirofilaria immitis in california coyotes.dirofilaria immitis is a filarial nematode parasite that is currently widely enzootic in dog and coyote (canis latrans) populations of california. weak historical evidence suggests that the initial focus of d. immitis in california occurred 3 decades ago in the sierra nevada foothills (snf) and spread to other parts of california thereafter. however, this hypothesis is difficult to evaluate because of the lack of epidemiological studies on heartworm in california before 1970. we investigated thi ...200312760647
exposure to feline and canine pathogens in bobcats and gray foxes in urban and rural zones of a national park in california.exposure of bobcats (lynx rufus) and gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) to a range of common canine and feline pathogens was assessed in urban and rural zones of golden gate national recreation area, a national park in the san francisco bay area, (california, usa) from 1992 to 1995. testing included serology for canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus (cpv), canine adenovirus, leptospira interrogans, feline calicivirus (fcv), feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus, feline enteric co ...200415137484
environmental factors associated with bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii seropositivity in free-ranging coyotes from northern california.bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii is a newly recognized pathogen of domestic dogs and humans. coyotes (canis latrans) are considered an important reservoir of this bacterium in the western united states, but its vectors are still unknown. our objective was to identify environmental factors associated with bartonella antibody prevalence in 239 coyotes from northern california, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. in addition, associations were evaluated between b. v. berkhoffii and two ...200516011426
gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) as a potential reservoir of a bartonella clarridgeiae-like bacterium and domestic dogs as part of a sentinel system for surveillance of zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogens in northern california.two species of bartonella, a novel bartonella clarridgeiae-like bacterium and b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, were isolated from rural dogs and gray foxes in northern california. a novel b. clarridgeiae-like species was isolated from 3 (1.7%) of 182 dogs and 22 (42%) of 53 gray foxes, while b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii was isolated from 1 dog (0.5%) and 5 gray foxes (9.4%). pcr and dna sequence analyses of the citrate synthase (glta) gene and the 16s-23s intergenic spacer region suggested that s ...200717553970
survey of 11 western states for heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) infection, heartworm diagnostic and prevention protocols, and fecal examination protocols for gastrointestinal parasites.heartworm infection in dogs and cats in the western united states is a fairly new phenomenon, and for this reason it is often considered to be of minimal significance. the purpose of this survey was to collect data from 11 western states (arizona, california, colorado, idaho, montana, nevada, new mexico, oregon, utah, washington, and wyoming) in an effort to assess awareness of heartworm disease and identify areas in which improvement in understanding is needed. to accomplish this goal, veterina ...200718183548
canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) in fresno and madera counties, california: prevalence differences between foothill and valley habitats.the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of heartworm in domestic dogs in madera and fresno counties, california, dependent on habitat and other host and environmental factors. dogs were screened for presence of heartworm antigen using the petchek(®) elisa on blood samples (n=519) collected at seven sites during april-july 2009. eighteen dogs were heartworm antigen positive. pearson chi-square analyses were conducted testing the presence of heartworm antigen against the following indep ...201021051149
spatial distribution of seroprevalence for anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, ehrlichia canis, and dirofilaria immitis in dogs in washington, oregon, and california.background: in the us little spatially defined information regarding exposure to most vector-borne pathogens in dogs is available for the states of california (ca), oregon (or), and washington (wa). objectives: the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of seroprevalence for 4 vector-borne pathogens, anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, ehrlichia canis, and dirofilaria immitis, across the 3 western coastal states of the contiguous united states that ext ...201121827514
detection of dirofilaria immitis and ehrlichia species in coyotes (canis latrans), from rural oklahoma and texas.there is a lack of knowledge regarding the prevalence of dirofilaria immitis and ehrlichia spp. in coyotes in oklahoma and texas. documenting the prevalence of these vector-borne disease agents in coyotes from oklahoma and texas underscores the importance of wild canids as reservoir hosts that infect companion animals and humans. to learn more about the sylvatic cycle of d. immitis and ehrlichia spp. in coyotes from oklahoma and texas, we tested for infection with and exposure to, respectively, ...201222448722
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