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sero-prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in rakai district, uganda.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is sexually transmitted and causes one of the genital ulcerative diseases associated with the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type i (hiv-1).200012862067
higher risk behaviour and rates of sexually transmitted diseases in mwanza compared to uganda may help explain hiv prevention trial outcomes.to determine to what extent the higher impact of treatment for sexually transmitted diseases (std) on hiv incidence in mwanza, tanzania than in rakai and masaka, uganda might be explained by baseline differences between the trial populations.200314685060
empirical observations underestimate the proportion of human immunodeficiency virus infections attributable to sexually transmitted diseases in the mwanza and rakai sexually transmitted disease treatment trials: simulation results.population attributable fractions (paf) from observational studies may under- or overestimate the contribution of cofactor sexually transmitted disease (std) to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) spread. empirical paf estimates from the mwanza and rakai trials indicated the proportion of hiv infections attributable to stds was higher in mwanza than rakai.200616778738
risk factors for recent hiv infection in uganda.studies of factors associated with acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are often based on prevalence data that might not reflect recent infections.200818677026
evaluation of multiplex real-time pcr for detection of haemophilus ducreyi, treponema pallidum, herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 in the diagnosis of genital ulcer disease in the rakai district, uganda.to develop a real-time pcr assay that reliably and accurately detects the predominant sexually transmitted aetiological agents of genital ulcer disease (gud) (haemophilus ducreyi, treponema pallidum and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2)) and to assess the use of real-time pcr diagnostic testing in a rural african field site.200919066198
factors associated with the prevalence and incidence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among men in rakai, uganda.little is known about risk factors for incident herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection among men in africa. in a trial in rakai, uganda, 6396 men aged 15-49 years were evaluated for serological evidence of hsv-2, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and syphilis infections at enrollment and at 6, 12, and 24 months. the prevalence of hsv-2 infection was 33.76%, and the incidence was 4.90 cases per 100 person-years. hsv-2 incidence increased with alcohol use with sexual intercourse (adjusted ...200919220138
incident hiv and herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among men in rakai, uganda.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection is associated with an increased risk for acquiring hiv, but little is known about the temporal sequence of these infections.200919474649
effects of genital ulcer disease and herpes simplex virus type 2 on the efficacy of male circumcision for hiv prevention: analyses from the rakai trials.randomized trials show that male circumcision (mc) reduces the incidence of hiv and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections, and symptomatic genital ulcer disease (gud). we assessed the role of gud and hsv-2 in the protection against hiv afforded by mc.200919936044
effects of hiv-1 and herpes simplex virus type 2 infection on lymphocyte and dendritic cell density in adult foreskins from rakai, uganda.male circumcision reduces human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) acquisition, and hsv-2 infection is associated with an increased risk of hiv acquisition. to assess the cellular basis for these associations, we estimated immunologic cellular densities in foreskin tissue.201121220779
performance of the euroline western blot assay in the detection of herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody in uganda, china and the usa.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (stis) worldwide. while glycoprotein g-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are commonly used for the serological detection of hsv-2 antibodies, they have low specificity in developing countries. the euroline western blot (wb) is a commercially available assay that is easy to perform; however, little is known about its performance characteristics. this study evaluated euroline wb for the detec ...201121680672
foreskin inflammation is associated with hiv and herpes simplex virus type-2 infections in rakai, uganda.we assessed foreskin inflammation associated with hiv and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in circumcised men.200919584700
improved performance of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and the effect of human immunodeficiency virus coinfection on the serologic detection of herpes simplex virus type 2 in rakai, uganda.ugandan subjects (820) were tested by focus herpeselect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), kalon herpes simplex virus type 2 elisa, and biokit rapid test, and the results were compared to those of western blotting. higher-than-standard-index cutoff values gave optimal sensitivity and specificity. kalon elisa was the optimal assay when an index value of 1.5 was used (sensitivity, 91.7%; specificity, 92.4%).200818321879
determinants of hiv-1 load in subjects with early and later hiv infections, in a general-population cohort of rakai, uganda.human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 rna loads were determined for 256 subjects with early (incident) hiv infection and for 1293 subjects with later (prevalent) hiv infection, in a ugandan cohort. prevalent infections were classified as latent (0-1 symptoms) and midstage disease (>/=2 symptoms), and deaths were ascribed to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. among subjects with incident hiv infection, hiv load did not differ by sex, but, among subjects with prevalent hiv infection, it was h ...200415031789
human immunodeficiency virus acquisition associated with genital ulcer disease and herpes simplex virus type 2 infection: a nested case-control study in rakai, uganda.to assess the timing of symptomatic genital ulcer disease (gud) relative to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroconversion, we studied 248 case subjects who underwent hiv seroconversion and 496 hiv-negative control subjects, at 3 interview visits conducted at 10-month intervals: visit 1, before hiv acquisition; visit 2, after seroconversion; and visit 3, 10 months after detection of seroconversion. odds ratios (ors) and 95% confidence intervals (cis), for hiv acquisition, were estimated by lo ...200314624374
a community randomized controlled trial to investigate impact of improved std management and behavioural interventions on hiv incidence in rural masaka, uganda: trial design, methods and baseline findings.to describe study design, methods and baseline findings of a behavioural intervention alone and in combination with improved management of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) aimed at reducing hiv incidence and other stds.200212460397
hiv dynamics and behaviour change as determinants of the impact of sexually transmitted disease treatment on hiv transmission in the context of the rakai trial.to assess how the impact of sexually transmitted disease (std) treatment on hiv incidence varies between stages of the hiv epidemic.200212409743
prevalence of kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus compared with selected sexually transmitted diseases in adolescents and young adults in rural rakai district, uganda.kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is transmitted by routes such as homosexual intercourse and is associated with hiv infection in industrialized countries. however, there is little information about its transmission in developing countries where kaposi sarcoma is an endemic disease.200111234789
Male Circumcision and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection in Female Partners: A Randomized Trial in Rakai, Uganda.Male circumcision reduces acquisition of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in men. We assessed whether male circumcision reduces HSV-2 infection among female partners. HSV-2-negative, human immunodeficiency virus-negative female partners of 368 males who were and 372 males who were not randomized to receive male circumcision were enrolled. The incidence of HSV-2 infection among females over a period of 2 years was 6.09 cases per 100 person-years in the intervention arm and 6.32 cases per 100 p ...201122147796
sensitivity and specificity of herpes simplex virus-2 serological assays among hiv-infected and uninfected urban ugandans.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is a risk factor for hiv-1 infection. we characterized hsv-2 serology assay performance in hiv-positive and hiv-negative africans. serostatus for hsv-2 and hiv-1 was determined in 493 serum specimens stored from a community hsv-2 prevalence survey in kampala, uganda. hsv-2 serology by focus herpeselect elisa, biokit hsv-2 rapid assay and kalon hsv-2 was compared with hsv-2 western blot (wb) according to hiv-1 serostatus. sensitivity/specificity was: 99.5%/70.2 ...201021097732
association between hsv-2 and hiv serostatus in pregnant women of known hiv serostatus attending mulago hospital antenatal clinic, kampala, uganda.studies show that stis such as hsv-2 increase the probability of hiv-1 acquisition and enhance transmission by increasing susceptibility and infectiousness respectively. the objective of this study was to compare the proportion of hsv-2 in hiv-positive and hiv-negative pregnant mothers attending the antenatal clinic in mulago teaching hospital in kampala, uganda.200920009284
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