| seroprevalence of lyme disease in gray wolves from minnesota and wisconsin. | to determine the seroprevalence of lyme disease in gray wolves (canis lupus) from various counties of minnesota and wisconsin (usa), 589 serum samples were collected from 528 wolves from 1972 to 1989. an indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test was used to detect the presence of antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi. titers of greater than or equal to 1:100 were considered positive. results were confirmed by testing a few selected sera by western blotting. of the 589 sera tested, 15 (3%) had i ... | 1992 | 1602567 |
| antibodies to borrelia sp. in wild foxes and coyotes from wisconsin and minnesota. | serum samples from 93 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and nine gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) trapped in wisconsin and 23 coyotes (canis latrans) trapped in wisconsin and minnesota were tested for antibodies to borrelia sp. with an indirect fluorescent antibody test which used borrelia burgdorferi as the whole-cell antigen. seven red foxes (8%) and two coyotes (9%) had antibody titers greater than or equal to 1:64. all the positive samples were from areas known to be endemic for human lyme dise ... | 1989 | 2644451 |
| lyme disease and migrating birds in the saint croix river valley. | during a study of migrating land birds in 1987, we examined over 9,200 individual birds representing 99 species from the saint croix river valley, a lyme disease-endemic area of east central minnesota and northwestern wisconsin. we found that 250 deer tick (ixodes dammini) larvae and nymphs infested 58 birds from 15 migrant species; 56 ticks (22.4%) were positive for the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. five ground-foraging migrant bird species favoring mesic habitats, veery (cathar ... | 1989 | 2782872 |
| the geographic distribution of lyme disease in the united states. | in 1982, national surveillance for lyme disease was established by the centers for disease control to monitor trends and determine endemic geographic areas. initially, the endemic areas corresponded to the known distribution of ixodes dammini, a five-state area of the northeastern seaboard (new york, new jersey, connecticut, rhode island, and massachusetts) and wisconsin and minnesota. increasing numbers of cases have been reported outside these areas, however, 86% of the provisional 5731 cases ... | 1988 | 3190099 |
| ixodes dammini: occurrence and prevalence of infection with borrelia spp. in minnesota. | the distribution of ixodes dammini in minnesota was studied by collecting adult ticks from hunting dogs during the grouse seasons in september and october of 1985 and 1986. the tick was most frequently found in the east-central part of the state. borrelia spp. were observed by immunofluorescence in 10% of the ticks. the locations where ticks were found coincide with the primary endemic areas for lyme disease in the state. | 1988 | 3193571 |
| borrelia burgdorferi infection surrounding la crosse, wis. | this investigation defined the extent of borrelia burgdorferi infection surrounding la crosse, wis. white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus or p. maniculatis, were captured from sites in wisconsin, minnesota, and iowa and cultured for b. burgdorferi to define the local boundaries of the midwestern lyme disease area. all foci of b. burgdorferi infection (n1, n2, n3, and n4) were located north of interstate highway 90 except focus s2, which was south of the highway near fort mccoy, wis. the interst ... | 1988 | 3230137 |
| the global distribution of lyme disease. | erythema chronicum migrans (ecm), the skin lesion characteristic of lyme disease, was first described in sweden in 1909; subsequently, cases of ecm have been reported from at least 19 countries on three continents. in europe cases have occurred within the range of ixodes ricinus ticks, the recognized vector of ecm in europe, although one case outside this range has been ascribed to mosquito bites. in 1970 the first case of ecm acquired in the united states was reported, and in 1977, the full sym ... | 1985 | 3885366 |
| babesiosis in wisconsin. a new focus of disease transmission. | a confirmed case of human babesiosis was identified in august 1983 in a 54-year-old asplenic wisconsin resident. babesia microti was identified as the causative agent by blood smear morphology and hamster inoculation techniques. the patient's wife had clinically confirmed lyme disease in 1981 and had serologic evidence (immunofluorescent antibody to a b microti titer of 1:1,024) of recent babesia infection in august 1983. mice (peromyscus species) trapped on the patients' property and elsewhere ... | 1985 | 3886942 |
| isolation of the lyme disease spirochete from mammals in minnesota. | lyme disease spirochetes were isolated from the kidneys of two peromyscus spp. trapped in minnesota in september and october 1983. no spirochetes were isolated from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), red backed voles (clethrionomys gapperi), or shrews (sorexy cinereus and blarina brevicauda). this is the first report of the isolation of the lyme disease spirochete from the midwestern united states and isolations from these animals, which were free of ticks, suggest that the lyme disease ... | 1985 | 4001130 |
| lyme disease in minnesota: epidemiologic and serologic findings. | during the four years, 1980 to 1983, 83 minnesota residents have been diagnosed with lyme disease. sixty-five of the patients were male. the median age of patients was 39 years with a range from one to 77 years. seventy-five (90 percent) had onset in 1982 and 1983. of these latter cases, 56 (75 percent) recalled a tick bite three to 27 days prior to the development of erythema chronicum migrans. patients experienced possible exposure to ixodes dammini in at least 24 (28 percent) of the 87 minnes ... | 1984 | 6393615 |
| lyme disease: additional evidence of widespread distribution. recognition of a tick-borne dermatitis-encephalitis-arthritis syndrome in an area of known ixodes tick distribution. | lyme disease is a process of unknown etiology that has been linked to bites of ticks of the ixodes ricinus complex. central minnesota is an area of known ixodes dammini distribution. this case represents the first recognition of lyme disease from this area. this case presented as a fluctuating meningoencephalitis with superimposed cranial neuropathy. the characteristic skin lesion, erythema chronicum migrans, was recognized by history, and oligoarticular arthritis subsequently developed. physici ... | 1982 | 7072749 |
| childhood neurologic disorders and lyme disease during pregnancy. | to determine the prevalence of clinically significant nervous system disease attributable to transplacental transmission of borrelia burgdorferi, we surveyed neurologists in areas of the united states in which lyme disease is endemic (i.e., massachusetts, rhode island, connecticut, new york, new jersey, wisconsin, and minnesota). overall, 162 of the 176 (92%) pediatric neurologists contacted responded to the survey with a range of 90-100% in the different geographic areas. one pediatric neurolog ... | 1994 | 7986291 |
| serologic surveillance for the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, in minnesota by using white-tailed deer as sentinel animals. | to determine the effectiveness of white-tailed deer as sentinel animals in serologic surveillance programs for borrelia burgdorferi, we performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western immunoblotting analyses on 467 deer serum samples. the seropositivity rate in the elisa was 5% for the 150 samples collected at the three sites in which the tick ixodes scapularis was absent. the three sites with established i. scapularis populations had a seropositivity rate of 80% for 317 samples. ... | 1994 | 8150955 |
| serologic analysis of white-tailed deer sera for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western immunoblotting. | white-tailed deer serum samples were collected in the minneapolis-st. paul, minn., metropolitan area during the fall and winter months from 1989 to 1992 and analyzed for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme borreliosis. ninety-eight percent of the serum samples were collected from regions where currently the vector tick, ixodes dammini, is nonexistent. antibodies to b. burgdorferi were detected in 2.2% of 508 samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and their pres ... | 1993 | 8432818 |
| prevalence of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, in deer ticks (ixodes dammini) collected from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in saint croix state park, minnesota. | during a special two-day hunt (11, 12 november 1989) in saint croix state park, minnesota (usa), one side of the neck for each of 146 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) was examined for ticks. of the 5,442 ticks collected, 90% (4,893) were the winter tick, dermacentor albipictus, and 10% (549) were the deer tick, ixodes dammini, the primary vector of the causative agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi. adult males had the greatest frequency of infestation of either d. albipictus (1 ... | 1993 | 8445791 |
| multivariate morphometric discrimination of nymphal and adult forms of the blacklegged tick (acari: ixodidae), a principal vector of the agent of lyme disease in eastern north america. | a morphological study of postlarval stages of the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis say, was conducted to examine congruence between northern (formerly i. dammini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin) and southern morphotypes. the character set totaled 17 for females, 25 for males, and 28 for nymphs. populations from 6 geographic areas, f1 progeny from reciprocal crosses between i. scapularis from massachusetts and georgia, and i. pacificus cooley & kohls from california were measured. charact ... | 1995 | 8551506 |
| coexistence of antibodies to tick-borne pathogens of babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, and lyme borreliosis in human sera. | serum specimens from persons with or without lyme borreliosis were analyzed by indirect fluorescent antibody staining methods for total immunoglobulins to babesia microti, ehrlichia chaffeensis (arkansas strain), and ehrlichia equi (mrk strain). there was serologic evidence of human exposure to multiple tick-borne agents in 15 (6.6%) of 227 serum samples obtained in connecticut and minnesota. of these, 10 serum samples were from connecticut patients who had erythema migrans and antibodies to bor ... | 1995 | 8576376 |
| experimental infection of the red-backed vole (clethrionomys gapperi) with borrelia burgdorferi. | red-backed voles (clethrionomys gapperi) were live trapped in northern st. louis county, minnesota (usa), in late september and october 1988 and experimentally inoculated with borrelia burgdorferi. spirochetes were isolated from most animals 14 and 28 days following inoculation. thus, red-backed voles exposed to b. burgdorferi were susceptible to infection and could be a reservoir host, along with chipmunks (tamias striatus) and other small rodents, in areas where white-footed mouse (peromyscus ... | 1995 | 8592371 |
| lyme disease spirochetes in ticks collected from birds in midwestern united states. | in a tick-spirochete survey conducted from all 1989 through fall 1992 in north-western wisconsin, 4,256 birds (composed of 91 species) were examined for ticks. infestations were recorded for 400 birds (composed of 30 species). of 1,184 ticks taken from 335 birds (composed of 26 species), 60 (5%) haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard) from 8 species of birds were infected with the lyme disease spirochete. borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner. similar surveys conduct ... | 1996 | 8667384 |
| cosegregation of a novel bartonella species with borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti in peromyscus leucopus. | during surveillance for various tickborne pathogens in the upper midwest during the summer and early fall of 1995, a bartonella-like agent was detected in the blood of mice that were concurrently infected with borrelia burgdorferi or babesia microti (or both). the organism was isolated in pure culture after inoculation of blood from wild-caught mice into c.b-17 scid/scid mice. phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna and the citrate synthase genes showed that the novel bartonella species and a bart ... | 1998 | 9466529 |
| molecular characterization of borrelia spp. isolates from greater metropolitan chicago reveals the presence of borrelia bissettii. preliminary report. | lyme disease in the us is concentrated in three endemic areas: the northeast, the upper mid-west, and the pacific coast. in the mid-west, the range of lyme disease has expanded to include large parts of wisconsin and minnesota. despite its proximity to the mid-western focus, illinois, so far, has not been considered an endemic area. however, more recent data suggest that this situation may be changing. also, the extent of borrelial diversity in the mid-west remains largely unexplored. here, we p ... | 2000 | 11075925 |
| the prevalence of borrelia burgdorfieri (spirochaetales: spirochaetaceae) and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (rickettsiaceae: ehrlichieae) in ixodes scapularis (acari:ixodidae) collected during 1998 and 1999 from minnesota. | we tested 103 adult ixodes scapularis say from 12 counties in minnesota for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi and the causative agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge), using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a total of 17 ticks (16.5%) was positive for b. burgdoiferi using nested pcr for the flagellin gene. or both pcr for the ospa gene and nested pcr for the flagellin gene. a total of four ticks (3.8%) was positive for the agent of hge using nested pcr for 16s rdna. counties in minnes ... | 2002 | 11931260 |
| lyme disease--united states, 2003-2005. | lyme disease is caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi and is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected blacklegged ticks (ixodes spp.). early manifestations of infection include fever, headache, fatigue, and a characteristic skin rash called erythema migrans. left untreated, late manifestations involving the joints, heart, and nervous system can occur. a healthy people 2010 objective (14-8) is to reduce the annual incidence of lyme disease to 9.7 new cases per 100,000 population in 1 ... | 2007 | 17568368 |
| selenium status and antibodies to selected pathogens in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in southern minnesota. | to determine exposure to a variety of infectious diseases potentially important for native ungulates, livestock, and humans, serum samples from 114 (94 adults, 20 fawns) female white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were collected during january 2000-03 from multiple locations in southeast (se) and southwest (sw) minnesota. antibody prevalence was determined for the following pathogens: mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, leptospira interrogans (six serovars), anaplasma marginale, b ... | 2008 | 18263838 |
| serological and molecular prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and ehrlichia species in dogs from minnesota. | a population of 731 naturally exposed pet dogs examined at a private practice in baxter, minnesota, an area endemic for lyme disease and anaplasmosis, was tested by serological and molecular methods for evidence of exposure to or infection with selected vector-borne pathogens. serum samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, and ehrlichia canis antibodies and for dirofilaria immitis antigen. blood samples from 273 dogs we ... | 2008 | 18302532 |
| dispelling the chronic lyme disease myth. | lyme disease is a tick-borne illness endemic to minnesota that can have potentially severe complications. as the incidence of lyme disease continues to increase, it is important for physicians in minnesota to become familiar with its clinical aspects, including the concept of "chronic lyme disease." chronic lyme disease is a misnomer that is often applied to patients with nonspecific presentations who may or may not have a history of infection with borrelia burgdorferi, the agent that causes lym ... | 2008 | 18714930 |
| surveillance for lyme disease--united states, 1992-2006. | lyme disease is a multisystem disease that occurs in north america, europe, and asia. in the united states, the etiologic agent is borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, a spirochete transmitted to humans by infected ixodes scapularis and i. pacificus ticks. the majority of patients with lyme disease develop a characteristic rash, erythema migrans (em), accompanied by symptoms of fever, malaise, fatigue, headache, myalgia, or arthralgia. other manifestations of infection can include arthritis, card ... | 2008 | 18830214 |
| agents of human anaplasmosis and lyme disease at camp ripley, minnesota. | the transmission dynamics of anaplasma phagocytophilum (ap) and borrelia burgdorferi (bb) among ixodes scapularis (is) and mammalian hosts was investigated at camp ripley, an area representative of central minnesota. prevalence of white-footed mouse infection with ap and bb were 20% and 42%, respectively, with a coinfection level of 14%. peak levels of infection with both agents occurred in may. the average levels of seropositivity to ap and bb were 29.3% and 48%, respectively. of the mice infec ... | 2011 | 21867420 |
| Typical and atypical manifestations of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in dogs. | Eighteen clinically ill dogs, naturally infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum, were examined at a veterinary practice in Baxter, Minnesota. A clinical examination, complete blood cell count, enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for A phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Ehrlichia canis antibodies and Dirofilaria immitis antigen, and a polymerase chain reaction test for A phagocytophilum DNA were obtained for all dogs. Physical examination findings included fever, arthropathy, lymph ... | 2011 | 22058372 |
| lyme disease surveillance in the united states, 1983-1986. | during 1983-1986, 5,016 cases of lyme disease were reported to the centers for disease control. cases were acquired in 31 states; however, 86% of the cases were acquired in seven states: massachusetts, rhode island, connecticut, new york, new jersey, wisconsin, and minnesota. for 63% of patients the disease began in summer; 52% recalled a tick bite. erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) occurred in 91% of the patients; arthritis, in 57%; neurologic complications, in 18%; and cardiac manifestations, i ... | 2009 | 2682955 |
| the western progression of lyme disease: infectious and nonclonal borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato populations in grand forks county, north dakota. | scant attention has been paid to lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi, ixodes scapularis, or reservoirs in eastern north dakota despite the fact that it borders high-risk counties in minnesota. recent reports of b. burgdorferi and i. scapularis in north dakota, however, prompted a more detailed examination. spirochetes cultured from the hearts of five rodents trapped in grand forks county, nd, were identified as b. burgdorferi sensu lato through sequence analyses of the 16s rrna gene, the 16s rrna ... | 2014 | 25304515 |
| disease risk in a dynamic environment: the spread of tick-borne pathogens in minnesota, usa. | as humans and climate change alter the landscape, novel disease risk scenarios emerge. understanding the complexities of pathogen emergence and subsequent spread as shaped by landscape heterogeneity is crucial to understanding disease emergence, pinpointing high-risk areas, and mitigating emerging disease threats in a dynamic environment. tick-borne diseases present an important public health concern and incidence of many of these diseases are increasing in the united states. the complex epidemi ... | 2014 | 25281302 |
| habitat suitability model for the distribution of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) in minnesota. | ixodes scapularis say, the black-legged tick, is the primary vector in the eastern united states of several pathogens causing human diseases including lyme disease, anaplasmosis, and babesiosis. over the past two decades, i. scapularis-borne diseases have increased in incidence as well as geographic distribution. lyme disease exists in two major foci in the united states, one encompassing northeastern states and the other in the upper midwest. minnesota represents a state with an appreciable inc ... | 2016 | 27026161 |
| the first case of imported borrelia miyamotoi disease concurrent with lyme disease. | borrelia miyamotoi disease (bmd) is an emerging infectious disease caused by b. miyamotoi. although bmd has been reported in the united states, europe, and japan, no case of imported bmd has been described in the world. here, we report a 63-year-old american man living in japan who presented with malaise, headache, myalgia, and arthralgia. we suspected lyme disease because of his travel history to minnesota and presence of erythema migrans. serologic analysis supported our diagnosis, and doxycyc ... | 2017 | 28162921 |
| lyme disease: emergency department considerations. | lyme disease (ld) is the most common vector-borne illness in north america. reported cases of ld have increased from approximately 10,000 cases annually in 1991 to >25,000 cases in 2014. greater recognition, enhanced surveillance, and public education have contributed to the increased prevalence, as have geographic expansion and the number of infected ticks. cases are reported primarily in the northeastern united states, wisconsin, and minnesota, with children having the highest incidence of ld ... | 2017 | 28291638 |
| comparison of vector efficiency of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) from the northeast and upper midwest of the united states for the lyme disease spirochete borrelia mayonii. | borrelia mayonii, a recently recognized species within the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, has been detected in host-seeking ixodes scapularis say ticks and found to be associated with lyme disease in the upper midwest. this spirochete has, to date, not been documented from the northeast, but we previously demonstrated that i. scapularis ticks originating from connecticut are capable of serving as a vector of b. mayonii in this follow-up study, we compared the vector efficiency for b. m ... | 2017 | 28082653 |
| borrelia mayonii sp. nov., a member of the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, detected in patients and ticks in the upper midwestern united states. | lyme borreliosis (lb) is a multisystem disease caused by spirochetes in the borrelia burgdorferisensu lato (bbsl) genospecies complex. we previously described a novel bbsl genospecies (type strain mn14-1420t) that causes lb among patients with exposures to ticks in the upper midwestern usa. patients infected with the novel bbsl genospecies demonstrated higher levels of spirochetemia and somewhat differing clinical symptoms as compared with those infected with other bbsl genospecies. the organism ... | 2016 | 27558626 |
| validation of random sampling as an estimation procedure for lyme disease surveillance in massachusetts and minnesota. | many disease surveillance programs, including the massachusetts department of public health and the minnesota department of health, are challenged by marked increases in lyme disease (ld) reports. the purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyse ld reports from 2005 through 2012 to determine whether key epidemiologic characteristics were statistically indistinguishable when an estimation procedure based on sampling was utilized. estimates of the number of ld cases were produced by taking ... | 2016 | 27488080 |
| three sudden cardiac deaths associated with lyme carditis - united states, november 2012-july 2013. | lyme disease is a multisystem illness caused by borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochete transmitted by certain species of ixodes ticks. approximately 30,000 confirmed and probable cases of lyme disease were reported in the united states in 2012, primarily from high-incidence states in the northeast (connecticut, delaware, maine, maryland, massachusetts, new hampshire, new jersey, new york, pennsylvania, rhode island, and vermont) and upper midwest (minnesota and wisconsin). common manifestations incl ... | 2013 | 24336130 |
| a serosurvey of diseases of free-ranging gray wolves (canis lupus) in minnesota. | we tested serum samples from 387 free-ranging wolves ( canis lupus ) from 2007 to 2013 for exposure to eight canid pathogens to establish baseline data on disease prevalence and spatial distribution in minnesota's wolf population. we found high exposure to canine adenoviruses 1 and 2 (88% adults, 45% pups), canine parvovirus (82% adults, 24% pups), and lyme disease (76% adults, 39% pups). sixty-six percent of adults and 36% of pups exhibited exposure to the protozoan parasite neospora caninum . ... | 2017 | 28192048 |
| notes from the field: lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus meningoencephalitis from a household rodent infestation - minnesota, 2015. | on april 20, 2015, a female aged 15 years sought care at her pediatrician's office after 5 days of fever, myalgia, left parietal headache, and photophobia. a rapid influenza assay was negative, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate and total white blood cell count were normal. she improved with symptomatic care at home, but returned to her pediatrician's office on april 28, reporting recurrence of her headache and photophobia and new onset of a stiff neck. she was admitted to the hospital, where sh ... | 2016 | 26963688 |
| tick-borne diseases in minnesota: an update. | tick-borne diseases endemic to minnesota include lyme disease, babesiosis, anaplasmosis/ehrlichiosis, powassan virus illness and rocky mountain spotted fever. physicians need to be aware of these diseases and be vigilant about testing for them when patients present with acute febrile illness or rash within one month of potential tick exposure. in addition, they need to educate patients about these diseases and encourage prevention measures, especially use of tick repellents. this article reviews ... | 2012 | 22953474 |
| isolation of the lyme disease spirochete borrelia mayonii from naturally infected rodents in minnesota. | borrelia mayonii is a newly described member of the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex that is vectored by the black-legged tick (ixodes scapularis say) and a cause of lyme disease in minnesota and wisconsin. vertebrate reservoir hosts involved in the enzootic maintenance of b. mayonii have not yet been identified. here, we describe the first isolation of b. mayonii from naturally infected white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus rafinesque) and an american red squirrel (tamiasciurus hudsonic ... | 2017 | 28444198 |
| underreporting of lyme and other tick-borne diseases in residents of a high-incidence county, minnesota, 2009. | lyme disease (ld), anaplasmosis, babesiosis and other tick-borne diseases (tbds) attributed to ixodes ticks are thought to be widely underreported in the united states. to identify tbd cases diagnosed in 2009, but not reported to the minnesota department of health (mdh), diagnostic and procedural billing codes suggestive of tick-borne diseases were used to select medical charts for retrospective review in medical facilities serving residents of a highly endemic county in minnesota. of 444 illnes ... | 2016 | 27390047 |
| the new lyme disease [correction of virus] vaccine. what minnesota physicians need to know. | | 1999 | 10389455 |
| epidemiology of lyme disease in olmsted county, mn, 1975-1990. | lyme disease has been reported in minnesota since 1980. until now, it has not been regarded as endemic in olmsted county. we reviewed the medical records of all 68 cases of lyme disease diagnosed in residents of olmsted county for 1980-1990. only 17 of the 68 cases met centers for disease control surveillance criteria for definite lyme disease (13 men, 4 women). of these 17 cases, 3 were likely acquired in olmsted county. the age and sex adjusted incidence rate was 2.3/100,000 (95% ci 1.1-3.4). ... | 1992 | 1491394 |
| national surveillance of lyme disease, 1987-1988. | in 1987 and 1988, 6876 lyme disease cases from 43 states were reported to the centers for disease control. the 4507 cases reported in 1988 was nearly double the case number reported in 1987, and ninefold the number reported in 1982, when a systematic system of national surveillance was established. the average annual incidence of reported lyme disease in the united states in 1987-1988 was 1.4/100,000. new york led the nation in reported cases in 1988 with 57% of the cases reported nationally. ei ... | 1989 | 2758820 |
| lyme disease and erythema chronicum migrans in minnesota. | | 1982 | 7078540 |