| early lyme disease: a flu-like illness without erythema migrans. | the existence of a form of early lyme disease characterized by a flu-like illness without erythema migrans is controversial. to confirm the existence and define the clinical characteristics of the flu-like illness without erythema migrans of localized lyme disease, the authors studied patients from a lyme disease endemic area of connecticut who visited their primary care physicians with an undefined flu-like illness. patients kept a diary of their symptoms. acute and convalescent sera were obtai ... | 1993 | 8424027 |
| spatial and temporal patterns of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) in southeastern connecticut. | the spatial distribution and abundance of host-seeking ixodes scapularis say (formerly i. dammini) were studied in 10 residential sites in woodlands during 1989-1991. in total, 7,385 larval, 2,202 nymphal, 164 female, and 248 male i. scapularis were collected in old lyme, lyme, east haddam, and chester, ct. the majority of host-seeking i. scapularis larvae (84.2%) and nymphs (73.5%) were collected within the woodland plots, whereas a large proportion of the adults were recovered from lawn (36.4% ... | 1993 | 8360900 |
| public awareness of lyme disease in obstetric, pediatric, and student settings in northwestern connecticut. | the purpose of this study has been to survey the attitudes and understandings of lyme disease by pregnant women, mothers, and ninth-grade students in northwestern connecticut. a sample of 100 obstetrical patients from two private obstetric offices, 100 mothers from four private pediatric offices, and 200 students from four secondary schools was asked to complete a 15 question survey about lyme disease. in all groups, the responses indicated some misconceptions or a lack of knowledge about the ma ... | 1993 | 8275686 |
| reduced abundance of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) with exclusion of deer by electric fencing. | to assess the effect of deer exclusion on populations of ixodes scapularis say (formerly i. dammini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin) in the northeastern united states, host-seeking ticks and ticks on white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus (rafinesque), were monitored inside and outside a wooded, residential deer exclosure (approximately 3.5 ha) in lyme, ct, in 1991 and 1992. another deer exclosure was added in lyme (approximately 7.4 ha) during 1992. additional sample sites at other residen ... | 1993 | 8271257 |
| geographic distribution of white-tailed deer with ticks and antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in connecticut. | ticks and blood specimens were collected from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in connecticut and analyzed to identify foci for lyme borreliosis. males and females of ixodes scapularis, the chief vector of borrelia burgdorferi, were collected from deer in five of eight counties during 1989-1991. analysis by indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) staining of midgut tissues showed that prevalence of infection was highest (9.5% of 367 ticks) in south central and southeastern connecticut. inf ... | 1993 | 8256460 |
| the risk of acquiring lyme disease or babesiosis from a blood transfusion. | to determine the risk of acquiring lyme disease or babesiosis from blood transfusion, serum was collected before and 6 weeks after patients received multiple transfusions during cardiothoracic surgery and antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti were measured. of 155 subjects, 149 received 601 total units of packed red blood cells (prbc) and 48 received 371 total units of platelets. no patient developed clinical or serologic evidence of lyme disease; 1 (who received 5 units of prbc ... | 1994 | 8014507 |
| prospective assessment of lyme disease in a school-aged population in connecticut. | to determine the incidence and cumulative frequency of lyme disease in a school-aged population in an area in which lyme disease is endemic, serum specimens were obtained before and after the 1990-1992 tick seasons from 410 middle and high school students in southeastern connecticut. sera were tested for serologic evidence of infection with borrelia burgdorferi, and students were questioned about physician-confirmed episodes of clinical lyme disease. at enrollment, 29 (7%) students had a history ... | 1995 | 7751720 |
| borrelia burgdorferi in an urban environment: white-tailed deer with infected ticks and antibodies. | ticks and blood samples were collected from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in forests located in an insular, urban area of bridgeport, conn., and in rural south central connecticut during 1992 and 1993. immature and adult ixodes scapularis ticks were tested for borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme borreliosis, by indirect fluorescent-antibody staining methods. deer sera were analyzed for antibodies to this bacterium by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. infected ticks ... | 1995 | 7751354 |
| avian and mammalian hosts for spirochete-infected ticks and insects in a lyme disease focus in connecticut. | spirochetes and their vectors and reservoirs were studied in a lyme disease focus in east haddam, connecticut, from mid-may through september 1983. ixodes dammini subadults were comparable in number on white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) (means = 2.9 +/- 3.6 sd) to those on 27 different species of birds (means = 2.3 +/- 4.2 sd) representing 11 families within the order passeriformes. less commonly found ticks on birds (means less than or equal to 0.1) were immature ixodes dentatus and haemap ... | 1984 | 6516460 |
| geographic distribution of humans, raccoons, and white-footed mice with antibodies to lyme disease spirochetes in connecticut. | an indirect immunofluorescence test was used during 1982-1983 to identify antibodies to lyme disease spirochetes in humans, white-footed mice, and raccoons. serologic tests detected igm or total ig antibodies in serum samples from 67 persons. onset of illness, as marked by erythema chronicum migrans (ecm), occurred mainly during july and august. the majority of the persons with lyme disease lived in south central and southeastern connecticut. analyses also verified prior spirochetal infections i ... | 1984 | 6516459 |
| facial paralysis in lyme disease. | lyme disease is a multisystemic illness caused by a tick-borne spirochete. once considered unique to the connecticut coastline, thousands of cases are now documented throughout the united states, northern europe, and australia. unilateral and bilateral facial paralysis may occur in up to 11% of patients with lyme disease. this paper reviews the clinical course, distinguishing features, and outcome of 124 such palsies in 101 patients seen between 1975 and 1984. the 99.2% spontaneous recovery rate ... | 1985 | 4058212 |
| identification of endemic foci of lyme disease: isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from feral rodents and ticks (dermacentor variabilis). | borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of lyme disease, was isolated from the blood, kidneys, spleens, eyes, or livers of white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) (n = 19 of 22) and from the blood, kidneys, or spleens of eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus) (n = 2 of 2) captured at three foci for lyme disease in eastern connecticut. these bacteria were cultured most frequently from spleens (n = 19) and kidneys (n = 15). b. burgdorferi persisted in one mouse for at least 60 days. one spirochet ... | 1985 | 3926816 |
| immunoblot analysis of immunoglobulin g response to the lyme disease agent (borrelia burgdorferi) in experimentally and naturally exposed dogs. | immunoblots were used to study the immunoglobulin g response to borrelia burgdorferi in experimentally and naturally exposed dogs. adsorption studies confirmed that the antibodies were specific for b. burgdorferi. experimentally exposed dogs were asymptomatic. naturally exposed dogs included both asymptomatic animals and animals showing signs compatible with lyme disease. naturally exposed dogs were from four geographic regions of the country. no differences were detected between immunoblot patt ... | 1988 | 3366860 |
| management of tick bites and early lyme disease: a survey of connecticut physicians. | practice guidelines have been published for the treatment of lyme disease (ld). these guidelines have been challenged as inadequate. two common ld management problems are antibiotic prophylaxis of deer tick bites (deer ticks may carry borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete that causes ld) and antibiotic treatment of erythema migrans, the pathognomonic rash of ld. a 1-page questionnaire was sent to a 13% (573/4300) sample of connecticut physicians to define how they treat deer tick bites and erythe ... | 2001 | 11731662 |
| knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding lyme disease prevention among connecticut residents, 1999-2004. | lyme disease, caused by the tick-transmitted bacterium borrelia burgdorferi, is the most common vector-borne disease in the united states. we surveyed residents of three connecticut health districts to evaluate the impact of intensive community-wide education programs on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors to prevent lyme disease. overall, 84% of respondents reported that they knew a lot or some about lyme disease, and 56% felt that they were very or somewhat likely to get lyme disease in the co ... | 2008 | 18637724 |
| scientific evidence and best patient care practices should guide the ethics of lyme disease activism. | johnson and stricker published an opinion piece in the journal of medical ethics presenting their perspective on the 2008 agreement between the infectious diseases society of america (idsa) and the connecticut attorney general with regard to the 2006 idsa treatment guideline for lyme disease. their writings indicate that these authors hold unconventional views of a relatively common tick-transmitted bacterial infection caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. therefore, it should come as n ... | 2010 | 21097940 |
| effects of japanese barberry (ranunculales: berberidaceae) removal and resulting microclimatic changes on ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) abundances in connecticut, usa. | japanese barberry (berberis thunbergii de candolle) is a thorny, perennial, exotic, invasive shrub that is well established throughout much of the eastern united states. it can form dense thickets that limit native herbaceous and woody regeneration, alter soil structure and function, and harbor increased blacklegged tick (ixodes scapularis say) populations. this study examined a potential causal mechanism for the link between japanese barberry and blacklegged ticks to determine if eliminating j ... | 2010 | 22182557 |
| geographic clustering of an outer surface protein a mutant of borrelia burgdorferi. possible implications of multiple variants for lyme disease persistence. | dna sequences encoding full-length outer surface protein (osp) a were amplified from four joint fluid samples over 4.5 months from a patient with chronic lyme arthritis, with a variant from wild type only found in sample 3. rather than a mutation in vivo, these findings suggested a mixed infection in which borrelia: containing the wild-type and mutant ospa were waxing and waning in the patient's joint. if so, we reasoned that the mutant should be present in the community. we therefore took the n ... | 2000 | 10852986 |
| comparative reactivity of human sera to recombinant vlse and other borrelia burgdorferi antigens in class-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for lyme borreliosis. | a comparative study of human sera was conducted to determine which purified preparations of 11 recombinant antigens of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto were diagnostically most important in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas). to assess sensitivity, 20 serum samples obtained 1-6 weeks after onset of illness from 20 persons who had physician-diagnosed erythema migrans (em) were tested for igm and igg antibodies. in tests for igm antibody, seropositivity of > or = 25% was recorded when e ... | 2002 | 12171295 |
| use of a c6 elisa test to evaluate the efficacy of a whole-cell bacterin for the prevention of naturally transmitted canine borrelia burgdorferi infection. | a commercially available c6 elisa kit was used to detect antibodies induced by natural infection with borrelia burgdorferi in dogs that lived in an area endemic for lyme disease. rates of infection were determined both for nonvaccinated dogs and those that had been vaccinated with a whole-cell b. burgdorferi bacterin (lyme vax, fort dodge animal health) before 6 months of age and were boostered annually. vaccinated dogs had an infection rate of 5% (8 of 163), whereas 64% (25 of 39) of the non-va ... | 2002 | 12584679 |
| increasing health burden of human babesiosis in endemic sites. | human infection due to babesia microti has been regarded as infrequent and a condition primarily affecting the elderly or immunocompromised. to determine whether risk in endemic sites may be increasing relative to that of borrelia burgdorferi and to define its age-related clinical spectrum, we carried out a 10-year community-based serosurvey and case finding study on block island, rhode island. less intensive observations were conducted in nearby sites. incidence of babesial infection on block i ... | 2003 | 12875292 |
| borrelia burgdorferi infection in a natural population of peromyscus leucopus mice: a longitudinal study in an area where lyme borreliosis is highly endemic. | blood samples from peromyscus leucopus mice captured at an enzootic site in connecticut were examined for antibodies to and dna of borrelia burgdorferi, to characterize the dynamics of infection in this reservoir population. from trappings conducted over the course of 2 transmission seasons, 598 (75%) of 801 serum samples from 514 mice were found to be positive by enzyme immunoassay. seropositivity correlated with date of capture and mouse age, was similar among locations within the site, increa ... | 2004 | 15073690 |
| lyme borreliosis in 2005, 30 years after initial observations in lyme connecticut. | nearly 100 years ago, afzelius described a patient with an expanding skin lesion, called erythema migrans, which is now known to be the initial skin manifestation of lyme borreliosis. approximately 70 years later, in 1976, epidemiologic evaluation of a cluster of children with arthritis in lyme, connecticut led to a complete description of the infection. during the subsequent years, investigators in a number of countries have made remarkable strides in the elucidation of this tick-borne spiroche ... | 2006 | 17160599 |
| effect of electronic laboratory reporting on the burden of lyme disease surveillance--new jersey, 2001-2006. | lyme disease (ld) is a vector-borne illness caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted in the united states by blacklegged ticks (ixodes spp.). ld is most commonly found in the northeastern, mid-atlantic, and north-central regions of the united states. in 2005, new jersey reported 38.6 ld cases per 100,000 population, the third-highest incidence in the united states after delaware and connecticut. since 1980, new jersey has mandated that health-care providers and clinical labo ... | 2008 | 18199968 |
| underreporting of lyme disease by connecticut physicians, 1992. | to determine the magnitude of underreporting of lyme disease, a random sample of connecticut physicians was surveyed in 1993. the magnitude of underreporting was assessed by comparing physician estimates of lyme disease diagnoses with reports of lyme disease sent by physicians to the connecticut lyme disease surveillance system. complete questionnaires were returned by 59 percent (412/698) of those surveyed. of the 224 respondents who indicated that they had made a diagnosis of lyme disease in 1 ... | 1996 | 10186700 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. physician reporting of lyme disease--connecticut, 1991-1992. | | 1993 | 8492391 |
| physician reporting of lyme disease--connecticut, 1991-1992. | although disease reporting by physicians is an essential component of public health surveillance, the extent of physician participation in reporting specific diseases is not routinely assessed. as part of an evaluation of lyme disease (ld) surveillance, the connecticut department of health services (cdhs) conducted a study to determine the number and specialty of connecticut physicians who reported ld cases in 1991 and/or 1992. this report summarizes the results of this study. | 1993 | 8483441 |
| prevalence of lyme disease infection in oklahoma. | even though lyme disease probably existed in oklahoma prior to 1975 when the disease was first reported in connecticut and even though ecological conditions favor a high prevalence, an unexpectedly low rate was evidenced in both a serological survey and the number of cases reported to the oklahoma state department of health. lyme disease does not appear to pose a significant public health threat in oklahoma at the present time; however, the the presence of all the necessary factors for transmiss ... | 1992 | 1404480 |
| lyme carditis. severe conduction disorder. | lyme disease in most cases occurs in the states of connecticut, wisconsin, oregon, california, missouri and parts of the northeastern coast. showing the exception to the rule, the authors discuss a case in which a patient acquired the disease on the eastern shore of virginia. | 1990 | 2304446 |
| national surveillance of lyme disease, 1987-1988. | in 1987 and 1988, 6876 lyme disease cases from 43 states were reported to the centers for disease control. the 4507 cases reported in 1988 was nearly double the case number reported in 1987, and ninefold the number reported in 1982, when a systematic system of national surveillance was established. the average annual incidence of reported lyme disease in the united states in 1987-1988 was 1.4/100,000. new york led the nation in reported cases in 1988 with 57% of the cases reported nationally. ei ... | 1989 | 2758820 |
| epidemiological and clinical features of 1,149 persons with lyme disease identified by laboratory-based surveillance in connecticut. | laboratory-based surveillance of lyme disease in connecticut during 1984 and 1985 identified 3,098 persons with suspected lyme disease; 1,149 were defined as cases. lyme disease incidence in connecticut towns ranged from none to 1,407 cases per 100,000 population in 1985. a comparison of 1985 data with data from 1977 epidemiologic studies indicated that incidence increased by 129 percent to 453 percent in towns previously known to be endemic for lyme disease and that lyme disease had spread nort ... | 2013 | 2683415 |
| a connecticut housewife in francis bacon's court: polly murray and lyme disease. | | 1989 | 2682690 |
| lyme disease--connecticut. | | 1988 | 3233680 |
| leads from the mmwr. lyme disease--connecticut. | | 1988 | 3276944 |
| lyme disease--connecticut. | | 1988 | 3122001 |
| lyme disease in northern california. | lyme disease is a recently described clinical entity with cutaneous, neurologic, articular and cardiac manifestations. since the original description of the disease in 1977, more than 500 cases have been reported. although the vast majority of patients have been from the area near lyme, connecticut, we have seen four patients from northern california with various aspects of lyme disease. this diagnosis should be considered in patients who have traveled to tick regions and who have a distinctive ... | 1983 | 6636745 |
| occurrence of erythema chronicum migrans and lyme disease among children in two noncontiguous connecticut counties. | in may-november 1977 erythema chronicum migrans of lyme arthritis occurred in at least 12 children in new london county, connecticut, east of the original 3-town epidemic focus. the attack rate (0.15 cases per 1,000 persons under 18) was considerably lower than within the focus itself but similar to the rate in towns west of the focus. no cases were identified in litchfield county in northwest connecticut. observed rates of lyme disease varied markedly within connecticut in 1977. | 1981 | 7326064 |
| integrated control of nymphal ixodes scapularis: effectiveness of white-tailed deer reduction, the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae, and fipronil-based rodent bait boxes. | pathogens transmitted by ticks are the leading cause of arthropod-associated human diseases in the united states and managing the risk of exposure to potentially infected ticks is of vital public health importance. a 3-year integrated tick management program to control blacklegged ticks, ixodes scapularis, the primary vector for the pathogenic agents of lyme disease, human anaplasmosis, and babesiosis, was implemented in the town of redding in southwestern connecticut beginning in 2013. combinat ... | 2018 | 29173127 |
| long-term effects of berberis thunbergii (ranunculales: berberidaceae) management on ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) abundance and borrelia burgdorferi (spirochaetales: spirochaetaceae) prevalence in connecticut, usa. | japanese barberry (berberis thunbergii de candolle; ranunculales: berberidaceae) is an exotic invasive shrub that escaped cultivation in the united states and is now permanently established in many eastern and midwestern states. this study examined the long-term impacts of japanese barberry management on blacklegged tick (ixodes scapularis say; acari: ixodidae) abundances and associated prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi (johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt, and brenner; spirochaetales: spirochae ... | 2017 | 29029041 |
| genomic insights into the ancient spread of lyme disease across north america. | lyme disease is the most prevalent vector-borne disease in north america and continues to spread. the disease was first clinically described in the 1970s in lyme, connecticut, but the origins and history of spread of the lyme disease bacteria, borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.), are unknown. to explore the evolutionary history of b. burgdorferi in north america, we collected ticks from across the usa and southern canada from 1984 to 2013 and sequenced the, to our knowledge, largest collec ... | 2017 | 29185509 |