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incidence of toxigenic vibrios in foods available in taiwan.a total of 1088 vibrios and related species were isolated from seafood and aquacultured foods available in taiwan. they were identified as vibrio alginolyticus, v. cholerae, v. fluvialis i, v. fluvialis ii, v. parahaemolyticus, v. mimicus, aeromonas caviae, a. hydrophila, a. sobria and other species. incidence of these vibrio and aeromonas species in these foods was high. vibrio parahaemolyticus was frequently found in seawater and in foods of freshwater origin. the vibrio isolates were examined ...19921399913
vibrio parahaemolyticus serovar o3:k6 as cause of unusually high incidence of food-borne disease outbreaks in taiwan from 1996 to 1999.the occurrence of food-borne disease outbreaks in taiwan increased dramatically in 1996, and the incidence has since remained elevated. this increase in outbreaks is correlated with a high rate of isolation of vibrio parahaemolyticus, which caused between 61 and 71% of the total outbreaks for the period 1996 to 1999. by serotyping, 40 serovars were identified from 3743 v. parahaemolyticus isolates, of which o3:k6 was the most frequently detected. the o3:k6 serovar could have emerged in taiwan as ...200011101606
characterization of new o3:k6 strains and phylogenetically related strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in taiwan and other countries.we analysed the genetic divergence in the pandemic new o3:k6 and phylogenetically related (new o3:k6-like) strains and compare these two groups in terms of virulence and other biological traits.200515715859
molecular typing of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates, obtained from patients involved in food poisoning outbreaks in taiwan, by random amplified polymorphic dna analysis.vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the most important food-borne pathogens in taiwan, japan, and other countries with long coastlines. this paper reports on the development of a new random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) method for the molecular typing of this pathogen. the 10-mer primer 284 (5'-cag gcg cac a-3') was selected to generate polymorphic amplification profiles of the genomic dna at an annealing temperature of 38 degrees c. a total of 308 clinical isolates of v. parahaemolyticus colle ...199910325328
subspecies typing of vibrio parahaemolyticus by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the most important food-borne pathogens in taiwan, japan, and other costal regions. we report on the development of a pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) method for the molecular typing of this pathogen. genomic dna was digested with sfii, and the fragments were resolved on 1% agarose with a contour-clamped homogeneous electric field apparatus set at 190 v and a pulse time of 3 to 80 s. a total of 130 selected isolates obtained from outbreaks during 1993 and ...19968735112
ribotyping of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates obtained from food poisoning outbreaks in taiwan.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a prevalent food-borne pathogen in taiwan, japan and other asian countries. this work presents a novel ribotyping method for the molecular epidemiological examination of this pathogen. genomic dna was fragmented by hindiii digestion and hybridized with cdna probe for escherichia coli 16s and 23s rna genes. a total of 121 isolates obtained from outbreaks during 1992 and 1994 in taiwan were characterized by this ribotyping method. four to seventeen restricted fragments w ...199910529103
food poisoning due to vibrio parahaemolyticus. 1977580237
[contamination of seafood by vibrio parahaemolyticus in taiwan].from october 1984 to september 1985, a total of 770 seafood samples, collected from the retail markets of 8 coastal cities in taiwan, were tested for the contamination of vibrio parahaemolyticus. the results showed that 352 samples (45.7%) were contaminated by v. parahaemolyticus. the detection frequencies of various samples were as follows: 40.0% fish samples, 22.3% fish fillets, 44.4% shrimps and 47.8% crabs of the crustacea group, 68.7% bivalve shellfish and 31.9% non-bivalve shellfish of the ...19873652783
food-borne disease outbreaks in taiwan, 1994.in 1994, 102 outbreaks of food-borne disease involving 4,726 cases were reported to the taiwan department of health. this is the highest number of outbreaks and cases in recent years in taiwan. of these outbreaks, 72.5% (74/102) were caused by bacterial pathogens, with vibrio parahaemolyticus responsible for 56.7% (42/74), staphylococcus aureus 20.3% (15/74), bacillus cereus 14.9% (11/74) and salmonella spp other than s. typhi and s. paratyphi 8.1% (6/74). v. parahaemolyticus has been a leading ...19968688712
food-borne disease outbreaks due to bacteria in taiwan, 1986 to 1995.between 1986 and 1995, 852 outbreaks of food-borne disease involving 26,173 cases and 20 deaths were reported in taiwan. about 80% of the outbreaks occurred in the warmer months, i.e., between april and october. of the 852 reported outbreaks, 555 (65%) were caused by bacterial pathogens. the three most common bacteria involved were vibrio parahaemolyticus (35%, 197 of 555 outbreaks), staphylococcus aureus (30%, 169 of 555 outbreaks), and bacillus cereus (18%, 104 of 555 outbreaks).19979114420
effect of acid adaptation on the environmental stress tolerance of three strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus.three strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus (690, bcrc 13023, and bcrc 13025), involved in foodborne outbreaks in taiwan, were subjected to acid adaptation at ph 5.5 for 90 min. the effects of acid adaptation on the tolerance of v. parahaemolyticus to various environmental stresses, including heat (47°c), cold (4°c and -20°c), ethanol (8%), high salt (20% nacl), and hydrogen peroxide (20 ppm) were examined. results showed that acid adaptation increased the thermal tolerance of the three test strain ...201424410096
genetic variation in vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from the aquacultural environments.environmental strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus, a foodborne pathogen, were isolated from milkfish and grouper aquaculture facilities in southern taiwan and characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and polymerase chain reaction targeting on the virulence-associated and genomic island (vpai) marker genes. analyses of 62 environmental isolates, including two putative pathogenic isolates, by noti-pfge revealed 11 pulse-type clusters with a similarity of 85%. some of the t3ss2α-asso ...201525442717
impacts of climatic variability on vibrio parahaemolyticus outbreaks in taiwan.this study aimed to investigate and quantify the relationship between climate variation and incidence of vibrio parahaemolyticus in taiwan. specifically, seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (arima) models (including autoregression, seasonality, and a lag-time effect) were employed to predict the role of climatic factors (including temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, ocean temperature and ocean salinity) on the incidence of v. parahaemolyticus in taiwan between 2000 and 2011. ...201626848675
gastroenteritis in a taipei emergency department: aetiology and risk factors.clin microbiol infect abstract: a matched case-control study was used to determine pathogens and risk factors associated with gastroenteritis in a taipei emergency department. viruses (40.0%) were the leading cause of gastroenteritis, with noroviruses the most prevalent (33.2%). bacteria were found in 26.0% of all cases, mostly suspected diarrheagenic e. coli (22.2%), followed by salmonella spp. (5.4%) and vibrio parahaemolyticus (4.2%). giardia lamblia was identified in 16.4% of all cases. stat ...201020854428
antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of zingiberaceae plants in taiwan.the rhizomes of the zingiberaceae family are a vegetable widely used in many asian countries, and their medicinal functions have been broadly discussed and accepted in many traditional recipes. in this study, 18 species of five genus of zingiberaceae plants from taiwan area were collected and analyzed for their functional properties. methanolic extracts of the plants were analyzed for their total phenol compounds, alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) scavenging activity, and reducing ...200818157743
bacterial food-borne illness outbreaks in northern taiwan, 1995-2001.how to reduce the occurrence of food-borne illness has always been one issue of great importance in taiwan's disease prevention and control efforts, and it is important to determine, from survey results, whether the pathogens in taiwan are the same or different from those in other countries. accordingly, data on 1171 food-borne illness outbreaks were collected from the center for disease control (cdc) of the department of health in taiwan. the patients and the cases were numbered according to th ...200515990979
molecular characterization of clinical and environmental vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates in taiwan.vibrio parahaemolyticus is the most prevalent foodborne pathogen in taiwan and it is frequently recovered from seafood. in this study, v. parahaemolyticus that was isolated in recent years from aquacultural environments and clinical specimens were comparatively analyzed by noti-restricted pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and polymerase chain reaction, targeting common toxin genes (tdh, trh, urec), mtase gene, toxr regulator, markers for pandemic strains (orf8, group-specific toxrs) and re ...201323685468
occurrence of vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio cholerae, and vibrio vulnificus in the aquacultural environments of taiwan.the occurrence of vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus, and vibrio cholerae in a total of 72 samples from six aquaculture ponds for groupers, milk fish, and tilapia in southern taiwan was examined by the membrane filtration and colony hybridization method. the halophilic v. parahaemolyticus was only recovered in seawater ponds, with a high isolation frequency of 86.1% and a mean density of 2.6 log cfu/g. v. cholerae was found in both the seawater and freshwater ponds but preferentially in ...201525951392
microbiological quality of seafood marketed in taiwan.seafood is often associated with foodborne illnesses, and vibrio parahaemolyticus is the most common pathogen implicated in outbreaks in taiwan. in this study, the microbiological quality of 300 raw or mixed ready-to-eat (rte) and other cooking-needed seafood samples was examined. the total aerobic and coliform counts of the rte samples were significantly higher than those of other cooking-needed samples. on average, 55.8 and 29.7% of the rte samples failed to meet the local microbiological stan ...201526555520
effect of ammonia on the immune response of taiwan abalone haliotis diversicolor supertexta and its susceptibility to vibrio parahaemolyticus.taiwan abalone haliotis diversicolor supertexta held in 30 parts/per thousand seawater and 26 degrees c were injected with tsb-grown vibrio parahaemolyticus (1.6 x 10(5)cfu abalone(-1)), and then placed in water containing different concentrations of ammonia-n (un-ionized plus ionized ammonia) at 0.01 mg l(-1) (control), 1.12, 3.22, 5.24 and 10.18 mg l(-1). mortality of abalone increased directly with ambient ammonia-n concentration. after 12 h, the mortality of v. parahaemolyticus-injected abal ...200415276599
use of novel pcr primers specific to the genes of staphylococcal enterotoxin g, h, i for the survey of staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from food-poisoning cases and food samples in taiwan.data regarding the incidence of the newly found enterotoxigenic staphylococcus aureus strains in food poisoning cases and in food samples were to date not available in taiwan. in this study, pcr primers specific for the detection of seg, h and i genes, i.e., seg, seh and sei, were used for the assay of 55 human isolates of s. aureus negative to the classical enterotoxins (sea-->see) detection. these isolates were from the fecal specimens of the patients suffering from food poisoning outbreaks. o ...200415109796
virulence of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from cultured small abalone, haliotis diversicolor supertexta, with withering syndrome.outbreaks of mass mortality among cultured small abalone haliotis diversicolor supertexta with withering syndrome occurred in may and september 1998 in kao-hsiung, taiwan. bacterial strains ch-1 and b4 were isolated from the haemolymph of the moribund small abalone using tryptic soy agar supplemented with 3% nacl and/or thiosulphate citrate bile salt sucrose agar. these two strains were characterized and identified as vibrio parahaemolyticus on the basis of various biochemical tests. the b4 stra ...200011123551
characterization of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates obtained from foodborne illness outbreaks during 1992 through 1995 in taiwan.vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important foodborne pathogen in taiwan and many other asian countries. a total of 371 isolates of v. parahaemolyticus collected from patients involved in foodborne illness outbreaks in taiwan from 1992 to 1995 were characterized. these isolates had typical biochemical characteristics and only 4% were urease positive. the most frequently isolated serovars were o5:k15 (18.5%), o4:k8 (16.2%), o3:k29 (12.5%), o1:k56 (8.3%), o2:k3 (6.5%), and o4:k12 (6.0%). most of the i ...200010914657
effect of nitrite on immune response of taiwan abalone haliotis diversicolor supertexta and its susceptibility to vibrio parahaemolyticus.taiwan abalones haliotis diversicolor supertexta held in 30% per thousand seawater and 26 degrees c were injected with tryptic soy broth (tsb)-grown vibrioparahaemolyticus (1.6 x 10(5) cfu [colony-forming units] abalone(-1)), and then placed in water containing different concentrations of nitrite-n (nitrite as nitrogen): 0.01 mg l(-1) (control), 1.05, 3.04, 5.10 and 10.06 mg l(-1). mortality of the abalones increased in direct parallel to ambient nitrite-n concentration. over 12 to 48 h, the mor ...200415460860
[k-serotype analyses of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in northern taiwan, 1983 through 1993].from 1983 through 1993, 786 strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus were collected from food-borne disease outbreaks and sporadic cases of diarrheal illness in northern taiwan, involving 42 k-serotypes. five top leading serotypes were k8 (36.8%), k15 (10.8%), k12 (8.7%), k56 (7.9%) and k63 (4.7%). however, a variation of k-serotypes was found during this study period. from 112 food-borne outbreaks associated with this microorganism, only 54 (48.2%) outbreaks were caused by a single serotype, while 58 ...199610592803
survey on the distribution of vibrionaceae at the seaport areas in taiwan, 1991-1994.a monthly survey on the distribution of human-pathogenic vibrionaceae of the seawater from five principal harbors in taiwan was conducted by national quarantine service from july, 1991 to february, 1994. of the total 1,167 vibrionaceae isolates, strains of vibrio alginolyticus (449 strains) were the most frequently isolated, followed by vibrio parahaemolyticus (262) , aeromonas hydrophila (153), vibrio cholerae non-o1 (86), and vibrio vulnificus (67). none of vibrio cholerae o1 was isolated. the ...199610592802
prevalence of vibrio parahaemolyticus in oyster and clam culturing environments in taiwan.vibrio parahaemolyticus is the most prevalent gastroenteritis pathogen in taiwan and some other asian countries, and it frequently occurs in oysters and other seafood. this study monitors changes in the density of v. parahaemolyticus and environmental parameters in oyster and hard clam aquacultural environments in taiwan. water, sediment and shellfish samples were collected from five sampling sites in 2008-2010, and analyzed for environmental physiochemical parameters, numbers of indicator bacte ...201323290223
change in water temperature on the immune response of taiwan abalone haliotis diversicolor supertexta and its susceptibility to vibrio parahaemolyticus.taiwan abalones, haliotis diversicolor supertexta, held in 30 parts/per thousand seawater at 28 degrees c, were injected with tsb-grown vibrio parahaemolyticus (1.6x10(5) cfu abalone(-1)) and then transferred to 20, 24, 28 and 32 degrees c. all abalones transferred to 32 degrees c died by 72 h. the mortality of v. parahaemolyticus-injected abalone held at 20 and 24 degrees c was significantly lower over 24-96 h, compared to animals held at 28 and 32 degrees c. in a separate experiment designed t ...200415276603
application of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to the investigation of a nosocomial outbreak of vibrio parahaemolyticus.the method of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) for vibrio parahaemolyticus was first published in 1996. since then, its application has been seldom reported in the literature. a food poisoning outbreak due to v. parahaemolyticus occurred in five wards of a hospital was investigated using this method. twenty-five patients were involved and all of them had eaten food supplied by the hospital. of the 15 cases whose stools were available for culture, only four cultures yielded v. parahaemolyt ...200010806961
the immune response of taiwan abalone haliotis diversicolor supertexta and its susceptibility to vibrio parahaemolyticus at different salinity levels.addition of nacl at 2.5% to 3.5% to tryptic soy broth (tsb) significantly increased the growth of vibrio parahaemolyticus. taiwan abalone haliotis diversicolor supertexta held in 30 per thousand seawater were injected with v. parahaemolyticus grown in tsb containing nacl at 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5% at a dose of 1.6 x 10(5)colony-forming units (cfu) abalone(-1). after 48 h, the cumulative mortality was significantly higher for the abalone challenged with v. parahaemolyticus grown in 2.5% than ...200415123299
variation of genomic islands and flanking fragments in vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from environmental and clinical sources in taiwan.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a halophilic foodborne pathogenic bacterium that causes gastroenteritis; it has become an issue of global concern since the emergence and spread of pandemic o3:k6 strains. this study evaluated the role of vibrio pathogenicity island (vpai)-associated fragments in the genetic variation and grouping of this pathogen. distribution of some vpai fragments and flanking fragments (vpai-1, vpai-4, vpai-5, vpai-6 and vpai-7) was determined in a total of 53 v. parahaemolyticus i ...201728841447
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