| use of an avirulent australian strain of newcastle disease virus as a vaccine. | one-day-old chickens were transported from australia to malaysia and vaccinated orotracheally with an uninactivated vaccine prepared from avirulent australian v4 strain of newcastle disease virus (ndv). the vaccination regimes were as follows: group a, once, at 2 weeks old; group b, once, at 3 weeks old; group c, twice, at 2 and at 3 weeks old; group d, direct contact with groups a, b, and c; and group e, indirect contact with groups a, b, c, and d. group f was unvaccinated controls. challenge w ... | 1978 | 678237 |
| an investigation of all north queensland commercial poultry flocks for evidence of infection with newcastle disease virus. | | 1990 | 2264810 |
| a method for detecting newcastle disease virus of low virulence in poultry vaccines. | | 1971 | 5577056 |
| isolation of ortho- and paramyxoviruses from wild birds in western australia, and the characterization of novel influenza a viruses. | as part of the world health organization's international programme on the ecology of influenza, cloacal swabs were collected from 3,736 birds belonging to 67 species over a 3-year period in western australia for the isolation of ortho- and paramyxoviruses. a total of 24 influenza a viruses were isolated from various species of ducks, shearwaters , noddies , terns and a coot , and were subtyped as h1n9 , h3n8 , h4n4 , h4n6 , h6n2 , h6n4 , h?n2, h?n6 and h? n9 . the h? haemagglutinins did not reac ... | 1984 | 6430260 |
| newcastle disease virus in australia. | | 1981 | 7032493 |
| recent isolates of newcastle disease virus in australia. | forty-five recently isolated strains of newcastle disease virus and the v4 vaccine strain of newcastle disease virus were used to infect experimental chickens. neither v4 nor any of the new strains produced detectable clinical disease. all the viruses produced an antibody response and spread by contact. some of the newly isolated viruses produced a more rapid serological response than v4 virus did. dual or multiple infections with one of the new strains of newcastle disease virus, infectious bro ... | 1995 | 8545958 |
| an assessment of the australian v4 strain of newcastle disease virus as a vaccine by spray, aerosol and drinking water administration. | an australian strain of newcastle disease virus, was evaluated for used as a vaccine following its administration by drinking water, aerosol and spray to chickens at 1 and 21 days of age. haemagglutination inhibition antibody was produced and persisted for 11 weeks. aerosol vaccination induced higher levels of haemagglutination inhibition antibody than the other methods of vaccination. no respiratory disease was observed following vaccination. chickens vaccinated by aerosol and spray were fully ... | 1981 | 7316892 |
| molecular characterisation of victorian newcastle disease virus isolates from 1976 to 1999. | to characterise newcastle disease virus isolates obtained in victoria from 1976 to 1999 and identify the diversity of fo cleavage signal. | 2002 | 12222604 |
| detection of avian paramyxoviruses and influenza viruses amongst wild bird populations in victoria. | to isolate and characterise avian paramyxoviruses and other haemagglutinating viruses amongst victorian wild bird populations. | 2004 | 15088965 |
| survey of queensland poultry flocks for antibody to newcastle disease virus. | | 1982 | 7181782 |
| a survey of disease in five commercial flocks of meat breeder chickens. | causes of sickness and death in approximately 30,000 chickens in 5 meat breeder flocks were investigated between may 1979 and april 1980. approximately 23% of disease was due to neoplasms; 81% of these were marek's disease despite vaccination against this infection. other frequent diagnoses included cellulitis (15%), respiratory disease (14%), lesions of the reproductive tract (11%) and tenosynovitis/arthritis (9%). antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticium, avian adenovirus, infectious bursal dis ... | 1984 | 6704066 |
| newcastle disease virus fusion and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene motifs as markers for viral lineage. | reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to generate sequence data for 91 australian newcastle disease viruses (ndv) isolated from 1932 to 2000 covering the cleavage site of the fusion (f) protein and the c-terminus of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein. comparison of sequences at these two sites indicates distinct evolutionary relationships between these viruses. typically, hn gene relationships revealed by phylogenetic analyses were also maintained in comparisons bet ... | 2003 | 17585460 |
| isolation of haemagglutinating adeno-like virus related to virus 127 from an australian poultry flock with an egg drop syndrome. | an egg drop syndrome within australian broiler poultry is described. the syndrome was characterised by delayed onset of laying, a lower peak in egg production and a drop in egg production shortly after reaching peak production. antibody to virus 127 was detected in 102 of 106 fowl serums tested. two haemagglutinating viruses were isolated from one affected flock and one was subjected to further study. it was adenovirus-like on electron-microscopic examination and haemagglutination was not inhibi ... | 1981 | 6271113 |
| the isolation of newcastle disease virus in queensland. | | 1967 | 6069044 |
| studies on the serological response and pathogenicity to chickens of a queensland isolate of newcastle disease virus. | | 1967 | 6052465 |
| the efficiency of australian newcastle disease virus for vaccine production. | | 1970 | 5486969 |
| experimental infection of domestic fowls with australian newcastle diseae viruses of low virulence and subsequent challenge with a virulent newcastle dsease virus. | | 1969 | 5404542 |
| studies on the epizootiology of infection with avirulent newcastle disease virus in broiler chicken flocks in victoria. | | 1974 | 4471309 |
| viral infections of little blue penguins (eudyptula minor) along the southern coast of australia. | serum antibodies to strains of avian paramyxovirus and flavivirus were detected in little blue penguins sampled at port campbell and phillip island, victoria, australia. no antibody to newcastle disease virus (ndv) was detected in 267 sera collected, although one penguin captured for experimental studies had a hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titer of 2(4) to this virus. experimental studies showed that the avian paramyxovirus designated apmv-im and strain v4 of ndv were non-pathogenic for p ... | 1985 | 2993680 |
| survey for newcastle disease virus in northern queensland birds. | of 1,235 individual birds from 130 species tested for haemagglutinating virus and/or ndv antibody in far northern queensland, none gave a positive response. on available evidence pittas and rainforest pigeons are considered the species most likely to bring virulent ndv into australia followed by gulls and night herons which move between dense seabird breeding colonies and other avian communities. both can easily be monitored by strategic sampling along migratory pathways or at breeding islands. ... | 1989 | 2735890 |
| the resistance of meat chickens vaccinated by aerosol with a live v4 newcastle disease virus vaccine in the field to challenge with a velogenic newcastle disease virus. | meat chickens housed on a commercial broiler farm in australia were vaccinated once at 10 to 11 days-of-age by aerosol with live v4 newcastle disease virus (ndv) vaccine. groups of vaccinated and unvaccinated birds were flown to malaysia, where they were challenged with a virulent strain of ndv. survival rates in vaccinated chickens challenged 7, 14, 21 or 31 d after vaccination were 0.47, 0.77, 0.97 and 0.92, respectively. all unvaccinated chickens died due to newcastle disease (nd) following c ... | 1991 | 2043098 |
| the isolation of lentogenic strains of newcastle disease virus in australia. | twelve isolations of newcastle disease virus were made from 77 clinical samples from chickens from conjunctivitis, respiratory disease, proventriculitis and bursal atrophy. nine of the isolations were made from chickens with conjunctivitis. the viruses were identified as newcastle disease virus by inhibition of their haemagglutinins with specific antiserum to newcastle disease virus. the viruses failed to kill chicken embryos after inoculation into the allantoic cavity and they were judged to be ... | 1978 | 687276 |
| newcastle disease virus--some properties of australian strains. | seventeen australian strains of newcastle disease virus were tested for their biological properties: mean death time, heat stability of the hemagglutinin and infectivity of the virus at 56 c, the elution time of virus from chicken erythrocytes, and the ability to hemagglutinate equine red blood cells. the strains differed considerably in their reactions. all had mean-death-time indices of 112 or greater, indicating that all were lentogenic. strains were identified that had heat-labile and -stabl ... | 1979 | 526199 |
| transmissibility of australian strains of newcastle disease virus. | the transmission of newcastle disease virus strains from infected to direct-, indirect-, and aerosol-contact groups of chickens was studied. chickens 7, 21, and 63 days old were used in separate trials. chicken age and virus strain were found to be important in spread of the virus. strain v4 spread quickly to all contact groups and was classed as highly transmissible, whereas strain ja failed to infect all contact chickens of each age group, thus spreading less efficiently than strain v4. the vi ... | 1979 | 526198 |
| molecular diagnosis of newcastle disease. | | 2002 | 12153061 |
| virulent newcastle disease in australia: molecular epidemiological analysis of viruses isolated prior to and during the outbreaks of 1998-2000. | gene sequence analysis of fusion (f) gene cleavage motifs and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) carboxyl-terminal extension sequences was used to analyse newcastle disease viruses (ndv) associated with virulent outbreaks of the disease which occurred in new south wales, australia in 1998-2000. pcr fragments were amplified directly from diseased tissue or allantoic fluids and sequence analyses used for phylogenetic comparisons between these viruses and australian reference ndv. f and hn gene sequ ... | 2001 | 11451487 |
| virulent newcastle disease virus in australia: in through the 'back door'. | | 2000 | 10904818 |
| four million chickens get newcastle disease vaccine. | | 2000 | 10736663 |
| lentogenic newcastle disease virus and respiratory disease in australian broiler chickens. | | 1999 | 10028399 |
| virulence and transmissibility of some australian and exotic strains of newcastle disease virus used in some vaccines. | | 1999 | 10028398 |
| lesions in the upper respiratory tract in chickens experimentally infected with newcastle disease viruses isolated in australia. | | 1999 | 10028397 |
| lactose pellets--a new approach to oral vaccination of village chickens against newcastle disease. | newcastle disease in village chickens in developing countries can now be controlled with vaccines containing thermostable, avirulent v4 virus delivered on food. logistical problems arise because 7 to 10 g of food vaccine must be allowed for each chicken. lactose-based pellets have been prepared that contain an immunizing dose of v4 virus in a single pellet, even after long periods of storage. protective levels of antibody were generated in chickens fed individual pellets, or in groups of chicken ... | 1995 | 8545978 |
| australian studies on newcastle disease virus. the french heritage. | eric french contributed greatly to the early australian studies on newcastle disease virus, producing the foundations on which subsequent australian studies were based. in 1964 he conducted the first major serological survey for newcastle disease in the australian poultry flock, and showed that the pathotypes of the virus recognised at that time were not present. after the isolation of strain v4 in 1966, he initiated some of the first studies on the nature of this stain. in particular, he demons ... | 1995 | 8545952 |
| characterization of field isolates of newcastle disease virus using antipeptide antibodies. | a recent australian field isolate of newcastle disease virus (ndv) was analyzed with antipeptide antibodies capable of differentiating between the sequences at the cleavage activation sites of fusion proteins of different ndv pathotypes. the isolate was found to have the same fusion protein cleavage activation signal as the v4 isolate of the queensland strain of ndv. however, the isolate failed to react with an antibody specific for the carboxyl-terminal extension on the hemagglutinin/neuraminid ... | 1994 | 8002877 |
| a cross-sectional survey of australian chicken farms to identify risk factors associated with seropositivity to newcastle-disease virus. | several outbreaks of virulent newcastle-disease occurred in australia in 1998-2000. we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 753 australian chicken farms to identify risk factors associated with the seroprevalence of chicken flocks with newcastle-disease virus (ndv). we had a 99.7% response rate to the survey and the overall prevalence of ndv seropositive farms was 39.8%. associations were analysed for the layer, chicken-meat and breeder production sectors in sector-specific logistic-regression ... | 2006 | 16950528 |
| a serological and virological survey for evidence of infection with newcastle disease virus in australian chicken farms. | to determine the prevalence and distribution of antibodies to newcastle disease virus on australian chicken farms and to determine the pathotype and relationships of the newcastle disease viruses present on those farms. | 2007 | 17547637 |
| Monitoring of wild birds for Newcastle disease virus in north Queensland, Australia. | Wild aquatic birds (WABs) are considered as reservoir hosts for Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) and may act as vectors for transferring these viruses to poultry, causing outbreaks of disease. A 3-year epidemiological study was conducted on WABs of north Queensland from April 2007 to March 2010. Swab and fresh moist faecal samples of WABs were screened to detect Newcastle disease viral (NDV) RNA by one-step real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) in multiplex primers, ... | 2012 | 21945812 |