| spatial and management factors associated with exposure of smallholder dairy cattle in tanzania to tick-borne pathogens. | a cross-sectional study of serum antibody responses of cattle to tick-borne pathogens (theileria parva, theileria mutans,anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina and babesia bovis) was conducted on smallholder dairy farms in tanga and iringa regions of tanzania. seroprevalence was highest for t. parva (48% in iringa and 23% in tanga) and b. bigemina (43% in iringa and 27% in tanga) and lowest for b. bovis (12% in iringa and 6% in tanga). we use spatial and non-spatial models, fitted using classical ... | 2005 | 16023121 |
| a longitudinal study of sero-conversion to tick-borne pathogens in smallholder dairy youngstock in tanzania. | a longitudinal study of sero-conversion of youngstock to the tick-borne pathogens theileria parva, t. mutans, anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina and b. bovis was conducted over two years on smallholder dairy farms in tanga region, tanzania. there was evidence of maternal antibodies to all tick-borne pathogens in animals less than 18 weeks of age. seroprevalence increased as expected with age in animals older than this but seroprevalence profiles underestimated the force of infection due to wa ... | 2005 | 15936149 |
| cross-sectional estimation of babesia bovis antibody prevalence in cattle in two contrasting dairying areas in tanzania. | the crude prevalence of antibodies to babesia bovis infection in cattle was estimated by serology using indirect elisa during the period january to april, 1999. sera were obtained from 1,395 dairy cattle (of all ages, sexes and breeds) on smallholder farms, the majority being kept under a zero grazing regime. the crude prevalence of antibodies to babesia bovis was 6 % for tanga and 12 % for iringa. the forces of infection based on the age sero-prevalence profile, were estimated at six for iringa ... | 2004 | 15580770 |