| uk acquired hepatitis e--an emerging problem? | eight cases of hepatitis e acquired in the uk are reported. these cases presented to an inner city hospital in birmingham, uk, over a 5-month period in 2005. hev is considered unusual in the uk and generally occurs after travel to endemic regions. only five cases of hepatitis e acquired in the uk have been reported in the literature. this series represents an increase in the local incidence of hepatitis e, particularly that of uk-acquired infection. hev should be considered in all patients with ... | 2006 | 16482543 |
| hepatitis e in england and wales. | in 2005, 329 cases of hepatitis e virus infection were confirmed in england and wales; 33 were confirmed indigenous infections, and a further 67 were estimated to be indigenous infections. hepatitis e should be considered in the investigation of patients with hepatitis even if they have no history of travel. | 2008 | 18258100 |
| clinical characteristics of hepatitis e in a "non-endemic" population. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a ribonucleic acid (rna) virus with predominant fecal oral spread. traditionally in western europe it is associated with travel to endemic countries, but an increasing number of locally acquired cases have been reported throughout england. patients presenting with acute non-travel associated hev infection in south wales over a 25-month period were monitored, in an attempt to understand the clinical picture and epidemiology in our patient population. twenty-four patient ... | 2010 | 20872716 |
| serological cross reactivity to cmv and ebv causes problems in the diagnosis of acute hepatitis e virus infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is an important public health concern as a major cause of enterically-transmitted hepatitis worldwide. the detectable window of viraemia is narrow, and hev igm and igg rise simultaneously in acute infection. furthermore, previous investigators have shown hev igm false positive reactions occur against ebv, cmv and potentially hepatitis a. a retrospective analysis of hev serology testing was performed at a london tertiary referral hospital over a 3-year period. a ... | 2014 | 24402843 |
| hepatitis e virus coinfection in patients with hiv infection. | objectives: hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is an emerging infection in developed countries and is thought to be a porcine zoonosis. hev can cause chronic infection and cirrhosis in the immunosuppressed, including patients with hiv infection. little is known about hev and hiv coinfection. the aim of the study was to document the incidence of chronic hev coinfection in patients with hiv infection and to determine the anti-hev seroprevalence and compare it with that of a control population. meth ... | 2011 | 21819531 |
| is there evidence of recent hepatitis e virus infection in english and north welsh blood donors? | the risk of hepatitis e virus (hev) to blood safety remains unknown in england. reports of persistent hev infection with serious disease sequelae indicate that transfusion transmitted hev is not a trivial disease in immunosuppressed patients. materials and | 2010 | 21392024 |
| indigenous hepatitis e virus infection in england: more common than it seems. | indigenous hepatitis e virus (hev) is increasingly diagnosed in england due to a better awareness and understanding of the virus. however, the true burden of infection and therefore its implication to public health remains undefined. | 2009 | 19217345 |
| excretion of hepatitis e virus by pigs of different ages and its presence in slurry stores in the united kingdom. | five faecal samples were collected from four different stages of production at each of 10 pig farms in the yorkshire humberside area of the uk, and samples of slurry were collected from nine of the farms. all the samples were tested for hepatitis e virus (hev) rna by a nested reverse transcriptase pcr. at least one sample from the pigs on each of the farms tested positive for hev; its prevalence in the 10 herds varied from 5 per cent to 35 per cent and its mean prevalence was 21.5 per cent. the ... | 2008 | 18757902 |
| autochthonous hepatitis e in southwest england: natural history, complications and seasonal variation, and hepatitis e virus igg seroprevalence in blood donors, the elderly and patients with chronic liver disease. | to report the natural history of autochthonous hepatitis e and hepatitis e virus (hev) igg seroprevalence in southwest england. | 2008 | 18617784 |
| autochthonous hepatitis e in southwest england: a comparison with hepatitis a. | the incidence of hepatitis a is falling. in contrast, autochthonous hepatitis e is an emerging infection in developed countries. the objective of this study was to compare both laboratory-confirmed cases of hepatitis a and autochthonous hepatitis e over a 2-year period in cornwall and devon and anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) igg and anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) igg seroprevalence in blood donors. the databases of microbiology laboratories in cornwall and devon were searched for the number of diagn ... | 2008 | 18299907 |
| unexpectedly high incidence of indigenous acute hepatitis e within south hampshire: time for routine testing? | hepatitis e indigenous to developed countries (hepatitis eidc) is a form of hepatitis e in persons with no travel history to highly endemic areas. it has been recognized recently as an emerging clinical entity in a significant number of economically developed countries including uk. however, it is still perceived as a rare disease and routine laboratory testing for hepatitis e is not performed. a series of 13 cases of hepatitis eidc, diagnosed in a 13-month period from june 2005 within a single ... | 2008 | 18098134 |
| autochthonous hepatitis e in southwest england. | although autochthonous hepatitis e has been reported in developed countries, its extent and nature in the united kingdom are unclear. the aim of the present study was to report the natural history, lifestyle risk factors and molecular epidemiology of autochthonous hepatitis e infection in southwest england. three hundred and thirty-three patients with unexplained hepatitis were tested for markers of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection over a 7-year period. hev rna isolated from the cases was ampli ... | 2007 | 17439519 |
| indigenous hepatitis e virus infection in england and wales. | | 2006 | 16793820 |
| non-travel-associated hepatitis e in england and wales: demographic, clinical, and molecular epidemiological characteristics. | between 1996 and 2003, 186 cases of hepatitis e were serologically diagnosed. of these, 17 (9%) were not associated with recent travel abroad. patients were >55 years old (range, 56-82 years old) and tended to be male (76%). two patients presented with fulminant hepatitis. a total of 129 (69%) cases were associated with recent travel to countries where hepatitis e virus (hev) is hyperendemic. compared with patients with travel-associated disease, patients with non-travel-associated disease were ... | 2005 | 16136458 |
| evidence for the presence of hepatitis e virus in pigs in the united kingdom. | samples of serum, tissue and faeces from two pig herds in england were examined for hepatitis e virus by reverse-transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr), and a virus strain from each herd was partially sequenced. eleven of 42 faecal samples and 16 of 21 tissue samples from two pigs were positive for the virus by rt-pcr. analysis of two unique but closely related nucleotide sequences obtained from the two herds showed that the viruses clustered in genotype iii (6) with a human strain of the virus from an auto ... | 2004 | 15005446 |
| partial sequence analysis of indigenous hepatitis e virus isolated in the united kingdom. | the first nucleotide sequences of hepatitis e virus (hev) acquired in the united kingdom are described. the sequences are novel and are related most closely to hev isolated from greece (greece 2 strain), consistent with their having been derived from an indigenous european virus. hev was assumed until recently to be rare in the united kingdom and other industrialised countries and, consequently, hepatitis e may be under-diagnosed in industrialised countries. | 2001 | 11745935 |
| a community prevalence study of antibodies to hepatitis a and e in inner-city london. | the seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis a virus (hav) was determined in a community-based sample in innercity london where socioeconomic conditions were expected to result in a high prevalence of antibodies to hav, and in which the presence of immigrants from the developing world pose a risk of imported infection of both hav and hev. the seroprevalence of anti-hav was 45.1% in uk born subjects and 69.7% in non-uk born subjects and each group showed differing pat ... | 1996 | 8818970 |
| uk pigs at the time of slaughter: investigation into the correlation of infection with prrsv and hev. | hepatitis e virus (hev) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and are both globally prevalent in the pig population. while hev does not cause clinical disease in pigs, its zoonotic potential has raised concerns in the food safety sector. prrs has become endemic in the united kingdom (uk) since its introduction in 1991, and continues to cause considerable economic losses to the swine industry. a better understanding of the current prevalence and diversity of prrsv and he ... | 2017 | 28598352 |
| pork products associated with human infection caused by an emerging phylotype of hepatitis e virus in england and wales. | since 2010, human hepatitis e infections have increased in england and wales. most cases are locally acquired and caused by hepatitis e virus genotype 3 (hev g3). hev g3 is linked to the consumption of pork products. the increase is associated with the emergence of a new phylotype, hev g3-group 2 (g3-2, also known as g3abcdhij). sixty individuals with confirmed hepatitis e infection and no history of travel outside the uk were recruited: 19 were infected with hev g3-group 1 (g3-1 or g3efg) and 4 ... | 2017 | 28756783 |
| hepatitis e virus in england and wales: indigenous infection is associated with the consumption of processed pork products. | indigenously acquired hepatitis e infections have increased substantially in england and wales since 2010. epidemiological investigations were undertaken to determine risk factors for the acquisition of infection. a case-control study (25 cases, 75 controls) was used to test the hypothesis that hepatitis e infection was related to consumption of pork products. in a multivariable model, consumption of pork pie [odds ratio (or) 6·33, 95% confidence interval (ci) 1·41-28·48, p = 0·009] and consumpt ... | 2014 | 24054519 |
| autochthonous hepatitis e in scotland. | hepatitis e virus is well recognized cause of acute hepatitis. traditionally hepatitis e virus (hev) infections were generally associated with travel to asia and africa. autochthonous hepatitis e is recognized as a major cause acute hepatitis in england and wales. however, autochthonous hepatitis e has never been documented in scotland. | 2013 | 24200818 |
| indigenous hepatitis e in england and wales from 2003 to 2012: evidence of an emerging novel phylotype of viruses. | enhanced surveillance and molecular characterisation studies of hepatitis e virus (hev) in england and wales have been undertaken since 2003. the dynamics of hepatitis e have changed recently with an increase in the number of indigenous cases and an observed viral shift. | 2014 | 24273173 |
| hepatitis e virus in blood components: a prevalence and transmission study in southeast england. | the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 infections in the english population (including blood donors) is unknown, but is probably widespread, and the virus has been detected in pooled plasma products. hev-infected donors have been retrospectively identified through investigation of reported cases of possible transfusion-transmitted hepatitis e. the frequency of hev transmission by transfusion and its outcome remains unknown. we report the prevalence of hev rna in blood donations, th ... | 2014 | 25078306 |
| hepatitis e virus: time to change the textbooks. | until recently, hepatitis e virus (hev) was thought not to occur in developed countries. it is now clear that locally acquired hev is common in such settings. hev infection acquired in these areas differs from that in developing countries in a number of important aspects: it is caused by genotype 3 (and 4 in china and japan), it mainly affects middle-aged/elderly males and it is zoonotic with a porcine primary host. pig herds worldwide are infected with hev genotype 3 and hev has been found in t ... | 2017 | 27170383 |
| virology, serology, and demography of hepatitis e viremic blood donors in south east england. | hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 (g3) in england comprises two principal phylogenetic groups (group 1 and group 2) and can be transmitted by transfusion. unselected screening identified 79 viremic donors; 76 participated in a follow-up study. | 2016 | 26841005 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus infection in pigs at the time of slaughter, united kingdom, 2013. | since 2010, reports of infection with hepatitis e virus (hev) have increased in england and wales. despite mounting evidence regarding the zoonotic potential of porcine hev, there are limited data on its prevalence in pigs in the united kingdom. we investigated antibody prevalence, active infection, and virus variation in serum and cecal content samples from 629 pigs at slaughter. prevalence of antibodies to hev was 92.8% (584/629), and hev rna was detected in 15% of cecal contents (93/629), 3% ... | 2015 | 26196216 |